Heritage with Related Tags
Ashur (Qal'at Sherqat)
The ancient city of Ashur is located on the Tigris River in northern Mesopotamia, in a special geo-ecological zone, at the junction of rain-fed and irrigated agriculture. The city dates back to the 3rd millennium BC. From the 14th to the 9th century BC, it was the first capital of the Assyrian Empire, a city-state and trading platform of international importance. It was also the religious capital of the Assyrians, associated with the god Ashur. The city was destroyed by the Babylonians, but revived during the Parthian period in the 1st and 2nd centuries AD.
Archaeological Zone of Paquimé, Casas Grandes
The Paquime da Casas reached their peak in the 14th and 15th centuries, playing a key role in trade and cultural exchange between the Pueblo cultures of the American Southwest and northern Mexico and the more advanced civilizations of Mesoamerica. The vast remains (only a part of which has been excavated) clearly testify to the dynamism of this culture, which was perfectly adapted to its material and economic environment, but which suddenly disappeared at the time of the Spanish conquest.
Silk Roads: the Routes Network of Chang'an-Tianshan Corridor
The site is part of the Silk Road network, which stretched 5,000 km from Chang'an/Luoyang, the capital of China during the Han and Tang dynasties, to the Zhehe region of Central Asia. Formed in the 2nd century BC and 1st century AD, and used until the 16th century, it connected multiple civilizations and facilitated a wide range of activities such as trade, religious beliefs, scientific knowledge, technological innovations, cultural practices and art. The route network includes capitals and palace complexes of various empires and khanates, trading settlements, Buddhist cave temples, ancient roads, post roads, passes, beacon towers, sections of the Great Wall, fortifications, tombs and religious buildings.
Mogao Caves
Located at a strategic point on the Silk Road, a crossroads of trade and religious, cultural and intellectual influences, the Mogao Caves' 492 caves and grottoes are renowned for their statues and murals, covering 1,000 years of Buddhist art.
As-Salt - The Place of Tolerance and Urban Hospitality
The city of As Salt is located on three densely packed hills in the Barka Highlands in west-central Jordan and is an important trade link between the eastern desert and the west. During the last 60 years of Ottoman rule, the area prospered due to the arrival and settlement of merchants from Nablus, Syria and Lebanon, who made their fortunes through trade, banking and agriculture. This prosperity attracted skilled craftsmen from different parts of the region, who worked to transform this humble rural settlement into a thriving town with a unique layout and an architectural style characterized by large public buildings and family homes built from local yellow limestone. The urban core of the site includes approximately 650 important historic buildings, which blend European Art Nouveau and neo-colonial styles with local traditions. The city's non-segregated development reflects tolerance between Muslims and Christians, who developed a tradition of hospitality, which is reflected in the Madafas (guesthouses, called Dawaween) and the social welfare system Takaful Ijtimai'. These tangible and intangible aspects emerged through the fusion of rural traditions with the practices of bourgeois merchants and artisans during the golden age of Sarthe's development, from the 1860s to the 1920s.
The Silk Roads: Zarafshan-Karakum Corridor
The Zarafshan-Karakum Corridor is the throat of the Silk Road in Central Asia, connecting other corridors from all directions. It is 866 kilometers long, with rugged mountains, fertile river valleys and uninhabited deserts along the way. It first extends from east to west along the Zarafshan River, then turns southwest and crosses the Karakum Desert along the ancient caravan route to the Merv Oasis. From the 2nd century BC to the 16th century AD, the corridor became the main channel for communication between the East and the West and the trade of large quantities of goods on the Silk Road. It witnessed human travel, settlement, conquest, and defeat, and thus developed into a melting pot of ethnicities, cultures, religions, and technologies.
Melaka and George Town, Historic Cities of the Straits of Malacca
The historic towns of Malacca and Georgetown, on the Straits of Malacca, have developed trade and cultural exchange between the East and the West for more than 500 years. Asian and European influences have endowed these towns with a unique multicultural heritage, both tangible and intangible. Malacca’s government buildings, churches, squares and fortifications showcase the early stages of this history, originating from the Malay Sultanate in the 15th century and the Portuguese and Dutch periods beginning in the early 16th century. Georgetown features residential and commercial buildings that represent the British era in the late 18th century. The two towns form a unique architectural and cultural townscape unmatched anywhere in East and Southeast Asia.
Parthian Fortresses of Nisa
The Parthian Fortress of Nissa consists of two sites, Old Nissa and New Nissa, indicating that this was one of the earliest and most important cities of the Parthian Empire, a major power from the mid-3rd century BC to the 3rd century AD. The sites preserve undiscovered remains of an ancient civilization that skillfully combined elements of its own traditional culture with those of the Greek and Roman West. Archaeologists have excavated both parts of the site and discovered richly decorated buildings that reflected domestic, state and religious functions. This powerful empire was located at the crossroads of important commercial and strategic axes, acting as a barrier to Roman expansion, while also being an important center of communication and trade between East and West, North and South.
Ruins of Kilwa Kisiwani and Ruins of Songo Mnara
The remains of two great East African ports admired by early European explorers lie on two small islands off the coast. From the 13th to the 16th centuries, Kilwa's merchants dealt in gold, silver, pearls, perfume, Arab pottery, Persian ceramics, and Chinese porcelain; much of the Indian Ocean trade passed through them.
Historic Jeddah, the Gate to Makkah
Historic Jeddah is located on the eastern shore of the Red Sea. Since the 7th century AD, it has been a major port on the Indian Ocean trade routes, bringing goods to Mecca. It is also the gateway for Muslim pilgrims arriving at Mecca by sea. These two roles have enabled the city to develop into a thriving multicultural centre, characterised by a unique architectural tradition, including tower houses built in the late 19th century by the city's commercial elite, and combining the Red Sea coastal coral building tradition with influences and craftsmanship along the trade routes.
Quanzhou: Emporium of the World in Song-Yuan China
The Quanzhou site series demonstrates Quanzhou's vitality as a maritime trade center and its interconnectivity with inland China during the Song and Yuan dynasties (10th to 14th centuries AD). Quanzhou flourished during an important period of maritime trade in Asia. The site includes religious buildings, including the 11th century Qingjing Mosque, one of the earliest Islamic buildings in China, as well as Islamic mausoleums and various archaeological remains: administrative buildings, stone wharves of commercial and defensive importance, sites of ceramic and iron production, elements of the city's transportation network, ancient bridges, pagodas and inscriptions. Quanzhou was referred to as Zayton in Arabic and Western texts from the 10th to 14th centuries AD.
Hanseatic City of Lübeck
Lübeck, the former capital and queen city of the Hanseatic League, was founded in the 12th century and flourished as a major trading center in Northern Europe until the 16th century. It remains a center of maritime trade, especially with the Nordic countries. Despite damage during World War II, the basic structure of the old town remains intact, consisting mainly of 15th- and 16th-century noble residences, public monuments (the famous Holstentor brick gate), churches, and salt warehouses.
Dholavira: a Harappan City
The ancient city of Dholavira is the southern center of the Harappan civilization, located on the arid island of Kadir in Gujarat. The archaeological site, built between 3000-1500 BC, is one of the best-preserved urban settlements in Southeast Asia and consists of a fortified city and a cemetery. Two seasonal streams provided water to the walled city, a scarce resource in the region, and within the walls was a heavily fortified citadel and ceremonial grounds, with streets and houses of varying proportions and quality, testifying to the social order of the time. The complex water management system demonstrates the wisdom of the Dholavira people in surviving and thriving in a harsh environment. The site includes a large cemetery with six types of monuments, testifying to the unique Harappan view of death. Archaeologists have discovered bead-making workshops and a variety of crafts such as copper, shell, stone, semi-precious gemstone jewelry, clay, gold, ivory and other materials during excavations at the site, demonstrating the artistic and technological achievements of the culture. Evidence of inter-regional trade with other Harappan cities as well as cities in the Mesopotamian region and the Omani peninsula has also been found.
Provins, Town of Medieval Fairs
The medieval fortified town of Provins is located in the old domain of the Counts of Champagne. It witnessed the early development of international trade fairs and the wool industry. The urban structure of Provins was built specifically to host fairs and related activities and is well preserved.
Gedi Ancient Town and Archaeological Site
The abandoned town of Gedi is not far from the sea, separated from the coast by the remnants of coastal forest. From the 10th to the 17th century, it was one of the most important Swahili cities on the East African coast. During that time, Gedi was part of a complex international trade and cultural exchange network across the Indian Ocean, connecting coastal African centers with Persia and other regions. The city walls clearly outline the outline of this rich town, which retains the remains of residential, religious and town buildings, as well as an advanced water system. The ancient town of Gedi fully reflects the characteristics of Swahili architecture and urban planning, and the building materials used include coral limestone, coral mortar, earth mortar, wood, etc.
Birka and Hovgården
The archaeological site of Birka is located on the island of Björkök in Lake Mälar and was inhabited in the 9th and 10th centuries AD. Hofgarten is located on the neighboring island of Adelsø. Together they form an archaeological complex that demonstrates the complex trade networks of Viking Age Europe and their influence on the subsequent history of Scandinavia. Birka is also the site of the first Christian church in Sweden, founded by St. Ansgar in 831.
Dajingmen Scenic Area
Dajingmen is a very special pass among the many passes of the Great Wall of China. It has been listed as an important pass like Shanhaiguan, Juyongguan and Jiayuguan in domestic and foreign academic circles. The passes of the Great Wall of my country are all called "passes" and "passes", but only the pass in Zhangjiakou is called "Jingmen", which contains the charm of "business culture" and "martial culture" and also flows with the historical origin of ethnic integration. Since the fifth year of Longqing in the Ming Dynasty, the area around Yuanbaoshan outside Dajingmen in Zhangjiakou has gradually formed a border trade market known as "tribute market" and "tea-horse trade" in history. Livestock, furs, medicinal materials, woolen fabrics, silverware, etc. from the Mongolian grasslands and the hinterland of Europe were exchanged for silk, tea, porcelain and white sugar here, and the area outside Dajingmen became an inland port for international barter trade in northern my country. The feudal dynasty used the Great Wall and the gate as boundaries, and foreigners doing business could only trade outside the city. "Jingmen" means the gate of the border. In 1927, the four large characters "Great Rivers and Mountains" written in Yan style by Gao Weiyue, the governor of Chahar, on the lintel of Dajing Gate are vigorous and powerful, quite spectacular, and add more charm to Dajing Gate.