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Mathildenhöhe Darmstadt
Located on Mathildenheuvel, the highest point in the city of Darmstadt in west-central Germany, the Artists' Colony Darmstadt was founded in 1897 by Grand Duke Ernst Ludwig of Hesse as a center for emerging reform movements in architecture, art, and crafts. The buildings of the Artists' Colony were designed by its artist members as early modernist experimental living and working environments. The Artists' Colony was expanded during successive international exhibitions in 1901, 1904, 1908, and 1914. Today, the Artists' Colony bears witness to early modern architecture, urban planning, and landscape design, all of which were influenced by the Arts and Crafts movement and the Vienna Secession. The two-part collection includes 23 elements, such as the Wedding Tower (1908), the Exhibition Pavilion (1908), the Plane Grove (1833, 1904-14), the Russian Church of St. Mary Magdalene (1897-99), the Lily Basin, the Monument to Gottfried Schwab (1905), the Pavilion and Gardens (1914), the "Swan Temple" Garden Pavilion (1914), the Ernst Ludwig Fountain, and 13 houses and artists' studios built for the Darmstadt Artists' Colony and the International Exhibition. Three house complexes built for the 1904 Exhibition are an additional component.
Stoclet House
In 1905, banker and art collector Adolf Stockleter commissioned Josef Hoffmann, one of the leading architects of the Vienna Secession movement, to design the house, who imposed neither aesthetic nor financial constraints on the project. Completed in 1911, the house and gardens, with their austere geometric forms, marked a turning point in Art Nouveau and foreshadowed the Art Deco and Modern architectural movements. One of the most successful and homogeneous buildings of the Vienna Secession, the Stocleter House featured works by Koloman Moser and Gustav Klimt, and embodied the desire to create a "total work of art" (Gesamtkunstwerk). A testimony to the renaissance of European architectural art, the house retains most of its original fixtures and furnishings, and maintains a high degree of integrity both externally and internally.