Heritage with Related Tags
Ephesus
Located at the mouth of what was once the Kastros River, Ephesus consisted of Greek and Roman settlements that retreated westwards along the coastline and were established in new locations. Excavations have revealed magnificent monuments from the Roman Empire, including the Library of Celsus and the Great Theatre. The famous Temple of Artemis, one of the "Seven Wonders of the World", attracted pilgrims from all over the Mediterranean, but few remains of the site. Since the 5th century, the House of the Virgin Mary - a domed cross-shaped church - located seven kilometers from Ephesus has been a major site of Christian pilgrimage. The ancient city of Ephesus is an outstanding example of a Roman port city, complete with a waterway and a harbor basin.
Historic City of Toledo
Toledo has a history of more than 2,000 years, having been a Roman municipality, the capital of the Visigothic Kingdom, a fortress of the Emirate of Cordoba, an outpost of the Christian Kingdom in its battles with the Moors, and in the 16th century a temporary supreme power center under Charles V. Its masterpieces are the product of heterogeneous civilizations, with the presence of the three major religions of the time - Judaism, Christianity and Islam - as the main factor.
Old Town of Cáceres
The city's architectural style is a mix of Roman, Islamic, Northern Gothic and Italian Renaissance styles, reflecting the history of wars between Moors and Christians. Of the 30 towers built during the Muslim period, the Bujako Tower is the most famous.
Archaeological Site of Carthage
Carthage was founded in the 9th century BC on the Gulf of Tunisia. From the 6th century AD, it developed into a trading empire covering much of the Mediterranean and possessed a brilliant civilization. During the long Punic Wars, Carthage occupied Roman territory, and Rome finally destroyed its rival in 146 BC. A second Carthage - Rome - was founded on the ruins of the first.
Dougga / Thugga
Before the Roman annexation of Numidia, the town of Touga, built on high ground overlooking the fertile plains, was the capital of an important Libyan-Punic state. It flourished under Roman and Byzantine rule but declined during the Islamic period. The impressive ruins visible today give us an idea of the resources of this Roman town on the edge of the Empire.
Tipasa
Located on the Mediterranean coast, Tipasa was an ancient Punic trading post that was conquered by Rome and became a strategic base for the conquest of the Kingdom of Mauritania. It includes a unique set of Phoenician, Roman, Paleo-Christian and Byzantine sites, as well as indigenous monuments such as Kbor er Roumia, the great royal tombs of Mauritania.
Historic Site of Lyon
Lyon was founded by the Romans in the 1st century BC as the capital of the Three Gauls. Since then, it has played an important role in the political, cultural and economic development of Europe. Its urban structure and numerous exquisite historical buildings from various periods vividly demonstrate Lyon's long history.
Jurisdiction of Saint-Emilion
The cultivation of grapes was introduced by the Romans to this fertile region of Aquitaine and developed greatly in the Middle Ages. The Saint-Emilion region benefited from its location on the pilgrimage route to Santiago de Compostela, and from the 11th century onwards many churches, monasteries and almshouses were built here. In the 12th century, during the English rule, it was granted the special status of a "jurisdiction". This is a landscape of great beauty, entirely dedicated to grape cultivation, with many fine historical monuments in its towns and villages.
City of Bath
Founded by the Romans as a spa, Bath became an important centre for the wool industry in the Middle Ages. In the 18th century, under the reign of George III, Bath developed into an elegant town with neoclassical Palladian architecture and Roman baths.
Historic Centre of Vienna
Vienna grew from an early Celtic and Roman settlement into a medieval and Baroque city and the capital of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. From the glory days of Viennese Classicism until the early 20th century, it was Europe's leading music centre. Vienna's historic centre features a rich architectural ensemble, including Baroque castles and gardens, and the late 19th-century Ringstrasse, lined with magnificent buildings, monuments and parks.
Punic Town of Kerkuane and its Necropolis
This Phoenician city was probably abandoned during the First Punic War (around 250 BC) and was therefore not rebuilt by the Romans. The site is the only surviving example of a Phoenician-Punic city. The houses were built according to a standard plan, in line with a sophisticated urban planning concept.
Um er-Rasas (Kastrom Mefa'a)
This archaeological site, which began as a Roman military camp and developed into a town from the 5th century onwards, remains largely unexcavated. It contains remains from the Roman, Byzantine and early Muslim periods (late 3rd to 9th century AD), as well as a Roman military camp. The site also has 16 churches, some of which have well-preserved mosaic floors. Of particular note is the mosaic floor of the Church of St. Stephen, which depicts towns in the area. Two square towers are probably the only remains of the area's famous ascetics (ascetics who spent time in solitude atop a pillar or tower). Scattered around Um er-Rasas are remains of ancient agricultural practices in arid regions.
Roșia Montană Mining Landscape
Located in the metalliferous zone of the Apuseni Mountains in western Romania, Monte Rosia hosts the most important, extensive and technologically diverse underground Roman gold mining area known from the time of inscriptional records. As Albernus Major, it was the site of large-scale gold mining during the Roman Empire. Over a period of 166 years, starting in 106 AD, the Romans extracted approximately 500 tonnes of gold from the site, developing highly engineered works, tunnels of different types totalling 7 kilometres and multiple waterwheels at four underground high-grade ore sources. Waxed wooden writing tablets provide detailed legal, socio-economic, demographic and linguistic information on Roman mining activities, not only at Albernus Major but also in the wider province of Dacia. The site demonstrates a fusion of imported Roman mining techniques with locally developed ones, unknown elsewhere at such an early date. Mining was also carried out at the site from the Middle Ages to the modern era, albeit on a smaller scale. Late-stage extractive works surround and cross Roman galleries. The entire complex is set in an agro-pastoral landscape and largely reflects the community structure that supported the mines from the 18th to the early 20th centuries.
Appian Way: Queen of Roads
<p>The Via Appia is more than 800 kilometers long and is the oldest and most important road built by the ancient Romans. Construction began in 312 BC, with the original purpose of extending to the East and Asia Minor as a strategic route for military conquest. It was continuously improved and expanded until the 4th century AD. Later, the existence of the Via Appia enabled the cities it connected to continue to grow and develop, and new residential areas emerged, thus promoting agricultural production and trade. The heritage site consists of 19 parts, forming a complete engineering complex, demonstrating the superb skills of Roman engineers in road construction, civil engineering projects, infrastructure, large-scale land reclamation, and the superb skills in building large buildings such as triumphal arches, baths, amphitheaters and cathedrals, aqueducts, canals, bridges, public fountains, etc. </p>
Djémila
Djémila or Cuicul, at 900 metres above sea level, with its forum, temples, basilica, triumphal arch and houses, is an interesting example of Roman town planning adapted to a mountainous location.
Archaeological Areas of Pompei, Herculaneum and Torre Annunziata
On 24 August 79 AD, Mount Vesuvius erupted, engulfing the two prosperous Roman towns of Pompeii and Herculaneum, as well as many of the region’s wealthy villas. Since the mid-18th century, these villas have been gradually excavated and opened to the public. The vast expanse of the commercial town of Pompeii contrasts with the smaller but better preserved remains of the resort of Herculaneum, while the exquisite frescoes of the Villa Oplontis in Torre Annunziata provide a vivid picture of the lavish lifestyles of the wealthy citizens of the early Roman Empire.
Roman Walls of Lugo
The walls of Lugo were built in the late 3rd century to defend the Roman town of Lucus. The entire wall is well preserved and is the best example of late Roman fortification in Western Europe.
Budapest, including the Banks of the Danube, the Buda Castle Quarter and Andrássy Avenue
The Roman city of Aquincum and the Gothic Buda Castle are among the historic sites preserved here, which have had a significant impact on the architecture of various periods. It is one of the world's outstanding urban landscapes, showcasing the glorious period in the history of the Hungarian capital.
Historic Fortified City of Carcassonne
There has been a fortification on the hill where Carcassonne now stands since before Roman times. Its present appearance is an outstanding example of a medieval fortified city, with its massive ramparts surrounding the citadel and surrounding buildings, streets and fine Gothic cathedral. Carcassonne is also of special importance due to the long-term restoration campaign carried out by Viollet-le-Duc, one of the founders of modern conservation science.
Archaeological Ensemble of Tárraco
Tarraco (modern Tarragona) was the main administrative and commercial city in Roman Spain and the imperial cult centre for all the Iberian provinces. It is home to many fine buildings, parts of which have been uncovered in a series of exceptional excavations. Although most of the remains are fragmentary and many have been preserved under newer buildings, they provide a vivid picture of the grandeur of this Roman provincial capital.
Baalbek
This Phoenician city, dedicated to a trinity of gods, was known as Heliopolis during the Hellenistic period. It retained its religious function during the Roman period, when the Temple of Jupiter Heliopolis attracted thousands of pilgrims. Baalbek has monumental buildings and is one of the finest examples of Roman Empire architecture at its height.
Butrint
Inhabited since prehistoric times, Butrint was a Greek colony, a Roman city and the seat of a bishopric. It flourished for a time under Byzantine rule, was briefly occupied by the Venetians and was abandoned in the late Middle Ages due to the destruction of the marshes. The area formed the present archaeological site, a treasure trove of relics from various periods of the city's development.