Intangible culture with Related Tags
Peking Opera
Peking opera, also known as Pingju or Jingxi, is the most influential Chinese opera. It is distributed throughout the country with Beijing as the center. Starting from the 55th year of Emperor Qianlong's reign in the Qing Dynasty, the four major Anhui troupes, Sanqing, Sixi, Chuntai and Hechun, which originally performed in the south, entered Beijing one after another. They cooperated with Han opera artists from Hubei, and accepted some repertoires, tunes and performance methods of Kunqu and Qinqiang, and absorbed some local folk tunes. Through continuous communication and integration, Peking opera was finally formed. In literature, performance, music, stage art and other aspects, Peking opera has a set of standardized artistic expression programs. The singing style of Peking opera belongs to the board-style variation, with Erhuang and Xipi as the main vocal styles. Siping tune, anti-Siping tune, Han tune, etc. are all subordinate to Erhuang, while Nanbangzi and Wawa tune are subordinate to Xipi. Erhuang has a steady melody, a slow rhythm, and a thick and solemn singing style; Xipi has a large melody with a compact rhythm and a bright and smooth singing style. Peking opera accompaniment is divided into two categories: civil and martial. The civil use of huqin (jinghu), jingerhu, yueqin, string, flute, suona, etc., with huqin as the main instrument; martial use of drum board as the main instrument, followed by small gong and big gong. Peking opera roles are divided into Sheng, Dan, Jing, Chou, Za, Wu, and Liu. The last three are no longer separate. There are more detailed divisions within each line, such as the Dan line has Qingyi, Huadan, Daomadan, Wudan, and Laodan. In addition to the natural attributes of the characters, the main basis for the division is the character's personality characteristics and the creator's praise and criticism of the characters. Each line has a set of performance routines, and the skills of singing, reciting, acting, and fighting are unique. Peking opera mainly tells historical stories. There are more than 1,300 traditional plays, and more than 300 or 400 are often performed. Among them, "Yuzhou Feng", "Yutangchun", "Changbanpo", "Gathering of Heroes", "Fishing and Killing the Family", "Empty City Plan", "Drunken Concubine", "Sanchakou", "Wild Boar Forest", "Second Visit to the Palace", "Picking up the Jade Bracelet", "Picking the Carriage", "Four Scholars", "Searching for Orphans and Saving Orphans", "Farewell My Concubine", "Silang Visits His Mother" and other plays are well-known to the audience. After the founding of New China, Peking opera adapted, transplanted and created some new historical plays and modern works, including "The Reconciliation of the General and the Prime Minister", "Mu Guiying Takes Command", "The Female Generals of the Yang Family", "Hai Rui Dismissed from Office", "Cao Cao and Yang Xiu", "Sha Jiabang", "The Red Lantern", "Taking Tiger Mountain by Strategy", "Dino", "Camel Xiangzi" and so on. There are two types of Peking opera: the Beijing style and the Shanghai style. Many outstanding actors have appeared in different periods, such as Cheng Changgeng, Yu Sansheng, Zhang Erkui, Mei Qiaoling, Tan Xinpei, Sun Juxian, Wang Guifen, Liu Hongsheng, Tian Guifeng, Yu Ziyun, Chen Delin, Wang Yaoqing, etc. in the late Qing Dynasty, and Yu Shuyan, Yan Jupeng, Gao Qingkui, Ma Lianliang, Yang Baosen, Mei Lanfang, Cheng Yanqiu, Xun Huisheng, Shang Xiaoyun, Zhou Xinfang, Jin Shaoshan, etc. in the Republic of China. Peking opera has spread all over the country and has a wide influence. It is known as the "national opera". It has traveled all over the world and has become an important means of introducing and spreading Chinese traditional culture. The Peking opera performance system named after Mei Lanfang has been regarded as a representative of the oriental drama performance system, and is known as the world's three major performance systems together with the Stanislavsky and Brecht performance systems. Peking opera is an important form of expression of China's national traditional culture, and many of its artistic elements are used as symbols of Chinese traditional culture. However, with the changes in society in recent years, the distance between Peking Opera art and the aesthetic taste of contemporary people has gradually widened, the audience has dropped sharply, and the repertoire has shrunk. How to achieve the protection and revitalization of Peking Opera has become an issue that needs to be urgently addressed.
Chinese seal carving
Chinese seal carving is a unique engraving art that uses stone as the main material, chisels as tools, and Chinese characters as the representation. It has developed from the seal making skills of ancient China and has a history of more than 3,000 years. It emphasizes the brushwork and structure of Chinese calligraphy, and highlights the free and unrestrained artistic expression in engraving. It displays skills and expresses emotions in a small space, and is deeply loved by Chinese literati and ordinary people. Seal carving works can be appreciated independently, and can also be widely used in fields such as calligraphy and painting.
Heritage with Related Tags
Fujisan, sacred place and source of artistic inspiration
Known worldwide as Mount Fuji, the beauty of this solitary, often snow-capped stratovolcano, towering above the sea and lakes surrounded by villages and trees, has long been a goal for pilgrims and an inspiration to artists and poets. The listed properties include 25 sites that reflect the essence of Mount Fuji's sacred and artistic landscapes. In the 12th century, Mount Fuji became a training center for ascetic Buddhism, which included elements of Shintoism. In the upper 1,500 meters of the 3,776-meter peak, pilgrimage routes and crater shrines have been listed, and sites around the base of the mountain include the Sengen Shrine, ninja lodging houses, and natural volcanic features such as lava tree molds, lakes, springs and waterfalls, which are considered sacred. Representations of Mount Fuji in Japanese art date back to the 11th century, but 19th-century woodblock prints of landscapes, including those of sandy beaches and pine forests, made Mount Fuji an internationally recognized Japanese icon and had a profound influence on the development of Western art.
Padua’s fourteenth-century fresco cycles
The site, which consists of eight religious and secular complexes located within the historic walls of Padua, houses a series of frescoes created between 1302 and 1397 by different artists for different types of patrons and in different types of buildings. Despite this, these frescoes maintain a unity of style and content. They include Giotto's Scrovegni Chapel frescoes, which are considered to mark the beginning of a revolutionary development in the history of fresco painting, as well as frescoes by other different artists, namely Guariento di Arpo, Giusto de' Menabuoi, Altichiero da Zevio, Jacopo Avanzi and Jacopo da Verona. As a whole, these frescoes show how, over the course of a century, the art of fresco painting developed along new creative impulses and understandings of spatial representation.
Medici Villas and Gardens in Tuscany
Twelve villas and two gardens spread across Tuscany bear witness to the influence that the Medici family had on modern European culture through their patronage of the arts. Built between the 15th and 17th centuries, the villas represent an innovative system of architecture in harmony with nature, dedicated to leisure, art and knowledge. The villas embodied an innovative form and function, a new type of royal residence, distinct from the farms owned by wealthy Florentines and the military power of the baronial castles of the time. The Medici villas are the first example of the link between architecture, gardens and environment, becoming a lasting reference for royal residences in Italy and Europe. Their gardens and integration with the natural environment helped foster an appreciation for the landscape characteristics of the humanist and Renaissance periods.
Mount Huangshan
Huangshan is known as "China's most beautiful mountain" and for a long time in Chinese history it was celebrated through art and literature (for example in the mid-16th century Shanshui style). Today it still holds the same allure for pilgrims, poets, painters and photographers, and is renowned for its stunning scenery, made up of many granite peaks and rocks emerging from a sea of clouds.
Site of Palmyra
Palmyra, an oasis in the Syrian desert northeast of Damascus, contains the remains of a great city and was one of the most important cultural centers of the ancient world. From the 1st to the 2nd century AD, Palmyra's art and architecture stood at the intersection of several civilizations, blending Greco-Roman techniques with local traditions and Persian influences.
Vatican City
Vatican City is one of the most sacred places in Christendom, bearing witness to its great history and arduous spiritual undertakings. Within the borders of this small country, there is a unique collection of artistic and architectural masterpieces. At its center is St. Peter's Basilica, with its double colonnades and circular piazza, surrounded by palaces and gardens. Built on the tomb of St. Peter the Apostle, the basilica is the largest religious building in the world, a masterpiece created by Bramante, Raphael, Michelangelo, Bernini and Maderno.
Historical Monuments of Mtskheta
The ancient churches of Mtskheta, the former capital of Georgia, are outstanding examples of medieval religious architecture in the Caucasus, showcasing the high level of art and culture of this ancient kingdom.
Maritime Greenwich
The buildings and parkland in the London suburb of Greenwich symbolize the artistic and scientific achievements of 17th and 18th century Britain. The Queen's House (designed by Inigo Jones) was the first Palladian building in Britain, while the complex that until recently was the Royal Naval College was designed by Christopher Wren. The park is based on an original design by André Le Nôtre and contains the Old Royal Observatory, the work of Wren and scientist Robert Hooke.
Itsukushima Shinto Shrine
Itsukushima in the Seto Inland Sea has been a sacred place for Shintoism since ancient times. The earliest shrine buildings here were probably built in the 6th century. The current shrine was built in the 12th century, and the buildings are arranged harmoniously, showing a high level of art and technology. The shrine uses the contrast of colors and shapes of mountains and sea to embody the Japanese concept of scenic beauty, integrating nature and human creativity.
Ellora Caves
Stretching over 2 km, these 34 monasteries and temples are lined up on a high basalt cliff near Aurangabad in Maharashtra. Ellora is a series of continuous monuments dating from 600 to 1000 AD, vividly showcasing ancient Indian civilization. The Ellora complex is not only a unique masterpiece of artistic creation and technology, but its temples dedicated to Buddhism, Hinduism and Jainism also reflect the unique tolerance of ancient India.
Chongoni Rock-Art Area
The area, located in a forested granite hill on the central highlands of Malawi, covers an area of 126.4 square kilometres and contains 127 sites, making it the richest region of rock art in Central Africa. They reflect the relatively scarce rock art tradition of farmers, as well as paintings by BaTwa hunter-gatherers who have lived in the area since the Late Stone Age. The ancestors of the Chewa farmers, who lived here since the Late Iron Age, continued to paint rock art until the 20th century. The symbolic art on the rocks is closely associated with women and still has cultural significance among the Chewa people, and the sites are actively associated with ceremony and ritual.
Lushan National Park
Mount Lu in Jiangxi is one of the spiritual centers of Chinese civilization. Buddhist and Taoist temples, as well as Confucian landmarks (where the most famous masters taught) blend perfectly into a breathtakingly beautiful landscape that has inspired countless artists who have developed the aesthetic attitude towards nature in Chinese culture.
Early Christian Monuments of Ravenna
Ravenna was the capital of the Roman Empire in the 5th century, and then of Byzantine Italy until the 8th century. It has unique early Christian mosaics and monuments. All eight buildings - the Mausoleum of Galla Placidia, the Baptistery of Nyonia, the New Basilica of Sant'Apollinare, the Baptistery of Arias, the Archbishop's Church, the Mausoleum of Theoderic, the Church of San Vitale and the New Basilica of Sant'Apollinare - were built in the 5th and 6th centuries. They show great artistic skills, combining Greco-Roman traditions, Christian iconography, and Eastern and Western styles.
City of Graz – Historic Centre and Schloss Eggenberg
The historic centre of Graz and Eggenberg Castle are examples of the living heritage of a Central European urban agglomeration, shaped by the secular influence of the Habsburg dynasty and the role played by the leading noble families in culture and the arts. They are a perfect fusion of architectural styles and artistic movements from many neighbouring regions of Central and Mediterranean Europe from the Middle Ages to the 18th century. They embody a diverse and highly comprehensive architectural, decorative and landscape example of this exchange of influences.
Russian Cultural and Creative Street
The Russian Cultural and Creative Street is a comprehensive theme street built by Tianjin Binhai Aircraft Carrier with Russian culture as the core. Whether it is the meticulously crafted Russian architecture, the authentic Russian goods, or the carefully created Russian style, they all condense the authentic Russian cultural essence. The shops have their own characteristics, covering Russian food and beverage, leisure and entertainment, culture and art, etc. At that time, tourists will have the opportunity to fully appreciate the charming and colorful Russia without the fatigue of traveling abroad.
Tianjin Music and Art Street
Tianjin Music and Art Street is centered on Bawei Road, extending to Jintang Road in the east, Liuwei Road in the west, Shiwujing Road in the south, and Shiyijing Road in the north. It forms a music, art and cultural industry market with Bawei Road as the axis and Tianjin Conservatory of Music (both north and south academies) as the core, extending to the surrounding areas. It focuses on the rental and sale of music instruments, audio-visual books, music production, and music and art training, and also brings together related businesses such as image design, costumes and props, lighting and sound, and cultural supplies, and develops literary and artistic performances, ceremonial celebrations, cultural and artistic exchanges, art consultation, and cultural intermediary agencies.