Heritage with Related Tags
The works of Jože Plečnik in Ljubljana – Human Centred Urban Design
Jorge Plečnik’s work in Ljubljana during World War I and World War II is a prime example of humanistic urban design, as the city’s image changed after the breakup of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, as Ljubljana went from a provincial city to the symbolic capital of the Slovenian people. Architect Jorge Plečnik contributed to this transformation with his personal, deeply humanistic urban vision, based on an architectural dialogue with the old city while responding to the needs of an emerging modern society in the 20th century. The legacy includes a series of public spaces (squares, parks, streets, promenades, bridges) and public institutions (National Library, churches, markets, funerary complexes) that are cleverly integrated into the pre-existing urban, natural and cultural context and contribute to the city’s new image. This highly contextualized and humanistic approach to urban planning, as well as Plečnik’s unique architectural style, stood out from other dominant modernist principles of the time. It is an exceptional example of creating public spaces, buildings and green areas as envisioned by a single architect, within a limited time, in a limited space in an existing city and using relatively limited resources.
Bauhaus and its Sites in Weimar, Dessau and Bernau
Between 1919 and 1933, the Bauhaus movement revolutionized architectural and aesthetic thought and practice in the 20th century. The Bauhaus buildings in Weimar, Dessau and Bernau are fundamental representatives of classical modernism, which aimed to revolutionize architecture and design. Inscribed on the World Heritage List in 1996, the site originally included buildings in Weimar (former Art School, School of Applied Arts and Haus Am Horn) and Dessau (Bauhaus Building, a group of seven master residences). The 2017 extension includes the Houses with Balconies in Dessau and the ADGB Trade Union School in Bernau, which are important contributions to the Bauhaus's philosophy of austere design, functionalism and social reform.
Sítio Roberto Burle Marx
Located in the west of Rio de Janeiro, the gardens are the result of a successful project that took more than 40 years to create by landscape architect and artist Roberto Burle Marx (1909-1994), who used local plants and drew on modernist ideas to create a "living work of art" and a "landscape laboratory". The gardens, which were created in 1949, have the main characteristics that define Burle Marx's landscape gardens and have influenced the development of modern gardens internationally. The gardens are characterized by sinuous forms, lush mass plantings, architectural plant arrangements, strong color contrasts, the use of tropical plants, and the integration of traditional folk culture elements. By the late 1960s, the gardens had the most representative collection of Brazilian plants, as well as other rare tropical species. In the site, 3,500 tropical and subtropical plants grow in harmony with the region's native vegetation, especially mangroves, restingas (a unique coastal tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forest), and Atlantic forests. Sítio Roberto Burle Marx demonstrates the process of the concept of ecological forms, including social cooperation, which is the basis for environmental and cultural protection. It is the first modern tropical garden to be inscribed on the World Heritage List.
Central University City Campus of the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)
The complex of buildings, sports facilities and open spaces that make up the Ciudad Universidad Central campus of the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) was created between 1949 and 1952 by more than 60 architects, engineers and artists. As a result, the campus is a unique example of 20th-century modernism, integrating urban planning, architecture, engineering, landscape design and the fine arts, with reference to local traditions, especially Mexico's pre-Hispanic history. The complex embodies universal social and cultural values and is one of the most important symbols of modernity in Latin America.
Van Nellefabriek
The Van Nellefabriek factory was designed and built in the 1920s, on the banks of a canal in the industrial area of Spaanse Polder, northwest of Rotterdam. One of the landmarks of 20th century industrial architecture, the factory consists of a factory complex with a facade made mainly of steel and glass, making extensive use of curtain wall principles. It was conceived as an "ideal factory", open to the outside world, with internal work spaces that evolved according to needs and took advantage of daylight to provide comfortable working conditions. It embodied a new type of factory, becoming a symbol of modernist and functionalist culture in the interwar period, and a testament to the Netherlands' long commercial and industrial history in the import and processing of food from tropical countries and their industrial processing for sale in Europe.
The Architectural Work of Le Corbusier, an Outstanding Contribution to the Modern Movement
This multinational collection of buildings, 17 buildings in seven countries, is a culmination of Le Corbusier’s work, breaking with tradition and creating a new architectural language. These buildings took half a century to build, a process Le Corbusier called “patient research.” The Town Hall Building in Chandigarh, India, the National Museum of Western Art in Tokyo, Japan, the Casa de Castro de Castro in La Plata, Argentina, and the housing estate in Marseille, France, embody the 20th century Modernist movement’s solution to the challenge of inventing new building techniques to meet social needs. These creative masterpieces also bear witness to the internationalization of global architectural practice.
Asmara: A Modernist African City
Asmara, the capital of Eritrea, is located at an altitude of over 2,000 meters. It developed as a military outpost of the Italian colonial regime from the 1890s. After 1935, Asmara underwent a large-scale construction, applying the Italian rationalist style of the time to government buildings, residential and commercial buildings, churches, mosques, synagogues, cinemas, hotels, etc. The site covers urban areas that were planned at different stages between 1893 and 1941, as well as unplanned local communities such as Arbate Asmera and Abbashawel. It is an outstanding example of early modernist urbanization in the early 20th century and its application in an African context.
Mathildenhöhe Darmstadt
Located on Mathildenheuvel, the highest point in the city of Darmstadt in west-central Germany, the Artists' Colony Darmstadt was founded in 1897 by Grand Duke Ernst Ludwig of Hesse as a center for emerging reform movements in architecture, art, and crafts. The buildings of the Artists' Colony were designed by its artist members as early modernist experimental living and working environments. The Artists' Colony was expanded during successive international exhibitions in 1901, 1904, 1908, and 1914. Today, the Artists' Colony bears witness to early modern architecture, urban planning, and landscape design, all of which were influenced by the Arts and Crafts movement and the Vienna Secession. The two-part collection includes 23 elements, such as the Wedding Tower (1908), the Exhibition Pavilion (1908), the Plane Grove (1833, 1904-14), the Russian Church of St. Mary Magdalene (1897-99), the Lily Basin, the Monument to Gottfried Schwab (1905), the Pavilion and Gardens (1914), the "Swan Temple" Garden Pavilion (1914), the Ernst Ludwig Fountain, and 13 houses and artists' studios built for the Darmstadt Artists' Colony and the International Exhibition. Three house complexes built for the 1904 Exhibition are an additional component.
Asmara: A Modernist African City
Asmara, the capital of Eritrea, is located at an altitude of over 2,000 meters. It developed as a military outpost of the Italian colonial regime from the 1890s. After 1935, Asmara underwent a large-scale construction, applying the Italian rationalist style of the time to government buildings, residential and commercial buildings, churches, mosques, synagogues, cinemas, hotels, etc. The site covers urban areas that were planned at different stages between 1893 and 1941, as well as unplanned local communities such as Arbate Asmera and Abbashawel. It is an outstanding example of early modernist urbanization in the early 20th century and its application in an African context.