Western Fujian is the ancestral home of the Hakka people and one of the places where the Hakka ethnic group was formed. During their long journeys and frequent migrations from north to south, the Hakka people brought the ancient Central Plains cultural customs to Western Fujian, and infiltrated the local culture, forming a unique Hakka culture with various styles, of which the Lantern Festival celebration customs are an important part. The Hakka Lantern Festival customs of "touring the dragon, walking ancient events, admiring lanterns, and burning cannons" have been passed down to this day, and still maintain an ancient and natural cultural form. The Hakka is a special branch of the Han nationality. Before the Middle Ages, most of the Hakka ancestors lived in the northern Central Plains. Due to wars and other reasons, starting from the Western Jin Dynasty, the Hakka ancestors migrated south five times. During the migration to the south, the Hakka people not only retained the cultural traditions of the ancient Han nationality, but also absorbed the culture and customs of the Minyue, She, Yao and other ethnic groups, and gradually formed the traditional Lantern Festival celebrations of the Hakka people in Western Fujian. The Hakka Lantern Festival in western Fujian is mainly spread in the five Hakka settlements of Liancheng County, Yongding County, Changting County, Wuping County and Shanghang County in western Fujian. The most representative contents include the dragon parade in Gutian, Liancheng, the ancient story in Luofang, Liancheng, the lanterns in Zhixi, Liancheng, the lantern stories in Fushi, Yongding, and the firecrackers in Xinquan, Liancheng. The Hakka Lantern Festival in western Fujian is characterized by universal, entertaining, competitive, mysterious and artistic features. The dragon parade in Gutian, Liancheng has been passed down for 22 generations. The main props are made of fir boards, bamboo strips, cotton paper, cowhide, etc. The whole activity consists of welcoming the "father-in-law", making the dragon, preparations before the parade, dragon out, dragon parade, and dragon burning. The ancient story in Luofang, Liancheng has been passed down for 28 generations. The main item is the ancient story shed, which weighs about 200 kilograms. The activities include organization and implementation, making the ancient story shed, fasting to calm the spirit, preparations, ancient story race, and ancient story going down the stream. The Zhixi Lanterns in Liancheng are made of bamboo strips, cotton paper, tongcao paper, spider yarn, rice beads, colored puppet heads, glass cups, colorful small pompoms, fire snails, lantern bamboo, etc. The production process includes splitting bamboo strips, making lantern frames, carving boards, pasting cloth lanterns, making revolving lanterns, and assembling lanterns. It has been passed down for 25 generations. The Xinquan Cannon Fireworks has been passed down for five generations. The main instruments used in the activity are firecrackers, door panels, incense paper, candles, "Three Great Ancestors" Bodhisattva sedan chairs, gongs and drums, and ten-band musical instruments. The custom of the Hakka Lantern Festival in western Fujian is an important part of the Hakka traditional culture and an important carrier of the Hakka social form and traditional spirit passed down from generation to generation. It vividly reflects the values and aesthetic ideals of the Hakka people and has research value in sociology, anthropology, ethnology, and aesthetics.