Folk Beliefs and Customs (Kangding Mountain Circumambulation Festival)

Sichuan
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The eighth day of the fourth lunar month is an important festival for Buddhists to commemorate the birth of Sakyamuni Buddha, also known as Buddha's Birthday. Kangding Mountain Circumambulation, commonly known as the "April Eighth Mountain Circumambulation", has a long history. The integration of folk culture has made the "April Eighth" Mountain Circumambulation not only a Buddhist activity, but also gradually developed into a spiritual event for people of all ethnic groups in Kangding with the progress of history. The song "Kangding Love Song" is famous at home and abroad. More and more people come to Kangding to understand, accept and integrate into the Kangding "April Eighth" Mountain Circumambulation. In the past, there were seven Tibetan Buddhist temples in Kangding City (namely Nanwu Temple, Vajra Temple, Anjue Temple, Yiqiong Temple, Duza Temple, Oba Temple, and Sakya Temple). In order to commemorate the birthday of the Buddha, these seven temples would hold a grand Buddhist event for a full half month from the evening of March 30th of the lunar calendar to the morning of April 16th. This Buddhist event is called "Yaba Zhai". During this half month, the monks who have entered the fasting period must eat and sleep in the temple and cannot go home. Every day, they must be silent like a mute, not eat meat, and only pray for the Buddha's blessing in their hearts. It is said that the "Mute Fast" was passed down by Guanyin Bodhisattva, and is called "Baguan Fast". It is called "Yongle" in Tibetan, and offers the "Jiejixia" Buddha statue, which means "Buddha with eleven heads". The "Mute Fast" is divided into full fasting and half fasting. The full fasting must be done for half a month, and the half fasting is only done for ten days. During this period, fasting is divided into odd days and even days. On odd days, you cannot talk or eat. On even days, you cannot talk but can eat and walk around in the temple. Regardless of odd or even days, you must kowtow in the main hall every morning, noon and evening. Since the "Mute Fast" lasts for a long time and is held in all seven temples, it is very lively. People in Kangding have to go to temples to worship, and the rich have to make donations to temples. Those who have monks in their families have to send food every day. So during these days, people in Kangding are constantly going to this temple and that temple, and they keep turning around each temple. In addition, the fourth month of the lunar calendar is the time when spring is warm and flowers are blooming, so everyone is happy to go out and enjoy the spring. Over time, another folk custom of Kangding, "turning the eight corners", has been formed. Kangding's "turning the eight corners" can be divided into big and small turns. Small turns are to turn around seven temples and end at the gas block cave; big turns are to turn around several mountains in Kangding, most of them go up the Paomashan Mountain from the East Gate, go down from the Paomashan Mountain through the Princess Bridge, go around the Jingang Temple, Nanwu Temple, go up the Baitukan, turn around the Erpo, and turn from the North Gate to the gas block cave to end. People who turn around the mountain are very pious, chanting all the way, turning the prayer wheel, and praying for good weather and no disasters and diseases throughout the year. Because it is a mountain turn, Kangding has the saying of turning around the mountain. Since the circumambulation of the mountain is to circle around the mountain, why do we go to Paomashan Mountain now? It originated from the annual mountain worship activities of the Mingzheng Tusi family in Kangding in history. "In the fifth year of Yongle (1407 AD), he received the Changhexi Yutong Ningyuan Xuanweisi (i.e. Mingzheng Tusi)", and Lucheng became the place where Mingzheng Tusi lived and pastured. After Mingzheng Tusi moved from Muya area to Kangding, he regarded Kangding Paomashan Mountain as his mountain god and went to the mountain to worship on May 13 every year. At that time, Kangding Paomashan Mountain was not called Paomashan Mountain, but "Lamze", which means Fairy Mountain. On this day, not only Mingzheng Tusi's family had to go up the mountain, but also his 48 Guozhuangs had to go up the mountain with him. The Tusi family grew up on the grassland and was keen on playing in the dam, so every year after his family worshipped the mountain god, they would have fun on the mountain; the Tusi's tent was set up high on the hillside. At that time, there was no lush forest on the Paomashan Mountain. It was just an open grassy slope. The forest was the result of afforestation by the people of Kangding in the 1960s. First, there was singing and dancing, and finally there was horse racing. The horses ran from the current lawn to the direction of Jiulongchi. There was not much flat land on the mountain, so there were dozens of horses, and the scene was also extremely spectacular; with three whistles, the horses galloped, and the shouts rose and fell. The horses ran from bottom to top. In addition to speed, the key was endurance. The winner could not only get a red flower silver medal, but also a few pieces of tea; and the runner-up, although slightly rewarded, would be humiliated by a wave of tsampa from everyone. Of course, this was for fun. However, this man turned pale in an instant, causing laughter from the whole audience. Since Mingzheng's family went to the mountain to race horses every year, the name "Lhamoze" gradually became the "Paomashan" by convention. Later, the Mingzheng family declined, and the activities of worshipping the mountain god became smaller and smaller, but circumambulating the mountain was still circumambulating the mountain, and worshipping the god was still worshipping the god, and they were unrelated. After the founding of New China, the Party and the government attached great importance to local folk culture. Not only did they use "April 8" to officially hold mountain circumambulation activities in Kangding Nanwu Temple and Jingang Temple, but they also held horse racing competitions and mass art performances in many agricultural and pastoral areas in the city, such as Jiagenba and Tagong Grassland west of Zheduo Mountain. (No pictures yet, welcome to provide.) (No pictures yet, welcome to provide.)

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