Muli Tibetan Autonomous County is located in the southwest edge of Sichuan Province and is under the jurisdiction of Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province. From east to north and west, it is connected to Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province. In the southwest, it is interlaced with Shangri-La County and Lijiang District of Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province, and is separated by a river. The ethnic groups living in the area are mainly Tibetans, and there are 16 ethnic minorities such as Yi, Han, Miao, Mongolian, Naxi, and Lisu. The Tibetans in Muli migrated from Tibet and Qinghai during the early and middle Tang Dynasty. Some Tibetans who called themselves "Jiadongba" migrated from Diqing Prefecture, Yunnan. The Tibetans in Muli have different names due to different places of residence and differences in customs. There are four groups: those who call themselves "Fan" are called "Xia Mi", those who call themselves "Pumi" are called "Xifan", those who call themselves "Shiqiong" are called "Su Mu", and those who call themselves "Li Ru" or "Lamuzi" are called "Bulang". The New Year of the Muli Tibetans is the most grand of all festivals. Although it is a traditional Tibetan custom in Tibet and Qinghai, it has its own outstanding local characteristics. [Era of Origin] According to written records, more than 100 years before Christ, Tibet had its own calendar. At that time, the first day of the New Year was equivalent to the current November 1st. This is the Bon calendar. In the Tang Dynasty, Princess Wencheng brought many scriptures and books to Tibet, including books on astronomy and calendar calculation, which played an extremely important role in the improvement and development of the New Year. At this time, the method of calculating the first day of the New Year has improved from the original method of calculating based on the brightness of the moon to the method of calculating based on the stars as the main basis, but the current November 1st is still the New Year. Until now, many areas (including Muli) still celebrate the New Year according to this calculation method. The Muli Tibetans live in different places, and the time of celebrating the New Year is also different. The time of celebrating the New Year is determined by the New Year, historical legends, long-standing folk rules and customs, and class constraints. Since the calculation of the New Year and the lunar calendar is not much different, the New Year in Muli is basically between the first day of the twelfth lunar month and the fifteenth day of the twelfth lunar month. 【Distribution Area】There are about 4,200 Tibetans living in Muli, accounting for 33% of the total population of the county, and they are the main ethnic group in Muli Tibetan Autonomous County. Most of them live in the state-owned pastures of Shuiluo, Donglang, Maili, Tangyang, Bowo, Taoba, Boko, Ninglang, Yiji, Oya, Boao, Keer, Baihousuo, Qiaowa, Dongzi, Shawan, Maidilong, Guzeng, Kala, Rangbai, Kangwu, Yazui, Longche, Kal, Kalabar, Zhengxi, Maili, etc., and the remaining 12 townships (towns) are also distributed, which are mixed and scattered areas. All Tibetans in Muli celebrate the New Year, and other ethnic groups that are influenced by Tibetans also celebrate the New Year, but in a simpler form. The people of Muli regard the New Year as an important festival. 【Basic content】Before the founding of the People's Republic of China, the New Year celebration of the Muli Tibetans was restricted by the hierarchy of the feudal ruling system. The New Year celebration time was generally on the first, second and third day of the twelfth lunar month, when the Tusi Yamen celebrated first, which was called "Yamao" in Tibetan; on the fourth, fifth and sixth day of the twelfth lunar month, the hereditary nobles Bapisi celebrated the New Year, which was called "Bal'oxi" in Tibetan; and on the seventh day of the twelfth lunar month, ordinary Tibetans celebrated the New Year, which was called "Mingbian'oxi" in Tibetan. Later, people defined the seventh day of the twelfth lunar month to the fifteenth day as the year of Muli. The year of Muli is very grand, long, with many contents, and unique rural rules and customs. It is similar to and different from the New Year celebration of the Tibetans in Tibet and Qinghai. They are briefly described as follows: Preparation before the festival. From the beginning of the eleventh lunar month, people began to prepare food, clothing, toys and things to use for the New Year. At this time, every household began to soak highland barley seeds. On the seventh day of the twelfth lunar month, the green seedlings that had grown one or two inches were placed on the tea table of the Buddha shrine. From the middle of the month, they fried fruits (kasai) one after another. As the New Year approaches, a grain bucket called "Zhusuqima" is prepared. The bucket is filled with food, and a colorful flower board (called "Zizhuo") and a sheep head made of colorful butter flowers (called "Luguo") are inserted on it. These decorations symbolize the harvest of the past year and wish for good weather and good harvests in the new year. Before the New Year, each family will use a large earthenware pot called "Dalu" to brew rice wine and prepare rice balls, because the staple food during the New Year is cold rice balls. A large rice ball about a foot high is also made to offer to the Bodhisattva at home. The seventh day of the first lunar month is the day of the reunion. Every family must clean the courtyard, spread pine leaves on the ground, offer offerings to the Bodhisattva on the shrine, and dump garbage according to the direction calculated by the 1st or the elderly. The reunion dinner will not start until nearly midnight. The whole family will sit on the ground in order according to their seniority and enjoy the rich meat, wine and food that each person has divided out by the housewives. On the morning of the eighth day of the first lunar month, pine and cypress are burned and conch shells are blown to worship the ancestors. At this time, young people from each family will go to the river and get the "first bucket of water" from the mountain spring. The first bucket to get is "golden water", and the second bucket is "silver water". After breakfast, neighbors visit each other and send "Tashi Delek? Songcuo" and other blessings of happiness. Religious farmers and herdsmen go to the temple to worship. Someone in the village presides over the gathering of food to entertain the elders of the village. In urban and rural areas, Tibetan operas, Guozhuang dances, and string dances are performed all night long. On the ninth day, as the custom of the previous day, relatives and neighbors invite each other to their homes. On the tenth day, villagers have dinner and entertainment activities. The two neighboring villages are also invited to the banquet. During the banquet, there are several eloquent people holding yak wine utensils, standing in the middle, talking about the past and the present, telling accidents, telling jokes, making the listeners laugh, playing with each other, and the scene is cheerful and warm. Until many people go home drunk. On the 11th and 12th day, villagers invite each other to visit. According to the Tibetan New Year rules, first, no animals are killed or fresh meat is eaten, and second, everyone drinks rice wine. After the 10th day, the family can make an exception and use homemade wine to entertain relatives and friends. On the 14th day, no meat or rice balls are eaten all day, but dry grains of wheat grains and hemp seeds are fried and mixed. It is said that eating this special food can ensure the prosperity of livestock. The 15th day is the last day of the New Year. Every village will hold a ceremony of circumambulating the mountain and burning incense. Each village has a mountain ridge for offering sacrifices, burning incense and worshiping gods, commonly known as the incense burning ridge. Every year, three households of villagers take turns to go up the mountain in advance to clean the site, spread pine leaves, and prepare drinking water. The villagers dress up, carry wine, meat, and food, follow two guides riding horses and playing suona, and help the old and the young to the mountain ridge to burn incense and pay tribute. They chant scriptures non-stop. Horse racing, archery and other local activities are also held on the day of circumambulating the mountain and burning incense. During the Spring Festival, there are wrestling, throwing, tug-of-war, horse racing and archery competitions. [Basic Features] 1. It is the most solemn festival of the Muli Tibetans. The Muli Tibetans have a history of more than 900 years of celebrating the Spring Festival. There are many Tibetan festivals, among which the most solemn and the most significant for the whole nation is the Spring Festival. The Spring Festival is equivalent to the Spring Festival of the Han people and is the biggest festival of the year. Starting from the middle of the tenth month of the lunar calendar, people prepare food, clothing and festive supplies for the Spring Festival. Thousands of farmers and herdsmen flock to the county town to buy all kinds of New Year goods. This is the busiest season of the year in Muli County. 2. The Spring Festival lasts for a long time and the activities are rich and varied. From the extremely brief description in the "Basic Content" column of this article, it can be seen that the Muli Tibetans celebrate the Spring Festival solemnly, with various and complex contents. In fact, in real life, there are many customs, etiquette, and sacrifices from the seventh to the fifteenth day of the first lunar month. The customs and details of communication are not fully covered in this article. 3. Unique local characteristics and characteristics shared by multiple ethnic groups Although the Tibetans in Muli migrated from Tibet, Qinghai, Ganzi and other places, after 900 years of historical changes, they have gradually formed a Tibetan group with different folk customs and flavors from the Tibetan areas of Tibet, Qinghai and Ganzi, and have interpreted their own unique Tibetan culture. Muli is a multi-ethnic mixed area, and all ethnic groups have lived in harmony for generations. In particular, the Mongolians also believe in Tibetan Buddhism. In Muli, in addition to the Tibetans, ethnic groups such as the Mongolians also celebrate the Tibetan New Year, and other "when in Rome, do as the Romans do" factors are naturally integrated into the 1 year. [Basic Value] 1. It has the value of maintaining a distinctive local culture and continuing the history of ancient Chinese civilization. The "1 year" with strong local ethnic characteristics contains the unique spiritual values of the Muli Tibetans. It can be passed down to this day, which reflects the vigorous vitality of this nation. Muli's "1 year" has some similarities with the "1 year" in Tibet and other places, but it is more infused with strong local characteristics. Muli's "1 Year" is a projection and crystallization of the development of human civilization. It is a harmonious multi-ethnic symbiosis, a "cultural pearl" strung together with the bond of wisdom, diligence, and love. It is a colorful, mellow, and brilliant local spiritual culture with great inheritance value. Second, it has the function of promoting the cultural identity of the Chinese nation, enhancing national unity and building a harmonious society. Muli's "1 Year" has its own extremely distinctive local characteristics, which inherits the meaning of the continuation of the national roots and survival to this day. This national root is a tribute to the ancient culture and a gene of national emotions and character. Through "1 Year", we can see the glorious past, exquisite culture, and love of life of the ancestors of a nation, from which we can also find the right way to the spiritual home. It goes without saying that Muli's "1 Year" is also a wonderful flower in the history of the development of the ancient civilization of the Chinese nation. Maintaining it will continue the history of ancient Chinese civilization, enhance national unity, and cultural identity among multiple ethnic groups, thereby promoting the construction of a harmonious society. (No pictures yet, welcome to provide.) (No pictures yet, welcome to provide.)