The Yi lacquerware painting technique is the crystallization of the wisdom of the Yi ancestors and the precious wealth left by the ancestors for the future generations. It has created exquisite lacquerware for the production and life of the Yi people. Yi lacquerware is an important part of the Yi traditional culture, mainly tableware and wine utensils, involving all aspects of the Yi people's life, and can be regarded as one of the important symbols of Yi culture. [Origin] It is said that Yi lacquerware originated from the Yi village of Apuruha in Yiluo Township, Xide County, Liangshan Prefecture. The Yi lacquerware, a folk handicraft with unique local ethnic characteristics, has a history of inheritance and development of more than a thousand years in Xide, Sichuan. In modern times, it is mainly inherited by the Jiwu family living here. From the initial form of the simple wooden living utensils of the Yi people in ancient times to the simple pedal-operated wooden embryo making machines invented and used by the Yi people, to the modern lathes with high work efficiency for making wooden embryos, from the original unpainted logs to the black utensils painted with earth lacquer, and then to the exquisite Yi lacquerware painted with precious natural materials such as earth lacquer, silver vermilion and stone yellow, its production technology and artistic level have been developed and improved to varying degrees. [Distribution area] Xide County, the hometown of Yi lacquerware, is located in the central and northern part of Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture in the southwest of Sichuan Province, 1021210243 east longitude, 2753 north latitude, 483 kilometers north of Chengdu, 78 kilometers south of the prefecture capital Xichang, 24 kilometers to the right of Yapan Expressway, 10 railway stations in the territory, and Chengkun Railway runs through the county for 83 kilometers. The county covers an area of 2,206 square kilometers, with 24 townships (towns), 169 villages and 3 communities under its jurisdiction. This is the location of the modern Yi language standard designated by the State Council. The county seat is located on a flood alluvial slope at an altitude of 1,843 meters. The average annual temperature of the county is 14.1°C, the lowest altitude is 1,600 meters, and the highest altitude is 4,500.4 meters. It is warm and dry in winter, cool and humid in summer, and has abundant sunshine. Xide Yi lacquerware is mainly distributed in Yiluo Township, Mishi Town, Hongmo Town, Nibo Town, Guangming Town, Lak Township, Mianshan Town and other places in Xide County. At present, there are more than 50 people who master the painting skills of Yi lacquerware in the whole county, but those with superb skills are a minority after all. [Basic content] Yi lacquerware is mainly divided into leather products and wooden products, mainly wooden lacquerware. Among them, leather products use cowhide, sheepskin and animal skin as the main raw materials; wooden products generally use high-quality wood such as rhododendron trees and birch trees as raw materials. The logs of Yi lacquerware need to be buried deep before the embryo can be made. The finished embryo must go through the procedures of frosting, fine grinding with water, base color, and earth paint before entering the painting process. The traditional Yi lacquerware production process mainly includes more than 40 processes such as "selecting logs, drying coarse embryos, drying fine embryos, dry grinding, eating green and filling gray, three water grindings, three acceptances, base grinding, fine grinding, small filling, plugging holes, grinding holes, sensitive grinding, sensitive acceptance, cleaning, blowing dust, covering surface, shade drying, grinding flowers, dust removal, covering surface, shade drying, acceptance, grinding flowers, ring ground, shade drying, acceptance, cleaning and packaging". Traditional Yi lacquerware has only three colors: black, red and yellow. It is painted with three natural pigments: earth lacquer, stone yellow and silver vermilion. With black lacquer as the base color, yellow and red patterns are added to form a pattern. The three pigments can only be used alternately and are not allowed to be mixed. There are many patterns in Yi lacquerware, and the common ones are crescent pattern, insect pattern, window pane pattern, flint pattern, nail pattern, water ripple, four-petal pattern, melon seed pattern, rapeseed pattern, chain pattern, ancient coin pattern, net pattern, fern pattern, cockscomb pattern, dragon mane pattern, ox eye pattern, fish bone pattern and Yangmosuo pattern. There are many kinds of Yi lacquerware products, mainly involving tableware, wine utensils, decorations, buildings and other aspects. Tableware mainly includes Kuzu (wooden bowl), Zhengre (wooden bowl), Ai Chi (wooden spoon), Shenpin (short-legged plate), Cedi (high-legged plate), dining table, etc.; wine utensils mainly include Bazhu (Yi cup), wooden wine bowl, "Salabo" wine pot, gourd-shaped wine pot, eagle claw cup, pigeon-shaped wine cup, yellow ox horn cup, antelope horn cup, beer cup, round wine pot, flat wine pot, oval wine pot, etc.; in addition, there are scabbards, saddles, armor, elbow guards, wall-mounted sheep heads, gunpowder horns, perfume tubes, pen holders, vases, color material boxes, decorative hanging signs, Bimo ritual instruments and other utensils and decorations. [Basic characteristics] 1. It takes a long time to make. There are more than 40 processes in the production of Yi lacquerware. There is a strict time interval between each process, ranging from ten days to half a month, and as long as one year and a half. For example, it takes half a year from cutting wood to making rough embryos, and a hundred days from deep burial to making fine embryos. If Yi lacquerware is made strictly according to traditional production requirements, it takes about two years to make each piece of lacquerware. 2. Diverse varieties and exquisite workmanship. There are many varieties of Yi lacquerware, involving all aspects of daily life. The process, shape, decoration, pattern and use of each product are relatively fixed and standardized. For example, there is a group of patterns called "De O" that can only be used for cowhide bowls, high-foot plates and saddles, while cow eye patterns can only be painted on wooden bowls and low-foot plates. The lacquer painting of pigments is also very particular. Paint pens are made of high-quality bamboo and wood chips, fine hemp ropes and goat beards, and they are colored in the order of black, yellow and red to make exquisite and generous lacquerware with various shapes. 3. Strong practicality. In the past, many Yi lacquerwares were directly used in production and life. Some were used for three meals a day, some were used for drinking water and wine, some were used for religious activities, some were used for military weapons, some were used for weddings and funerals, some were carried with them, and some were placed at home. There were few pure crafts and decorations. [Basic Value] 1. Historical value. The Yi people are a nation with a long history. The Yi lacquerware painting technique is an ancient technique. Yi lacquerware has always accompanied the development of Yi history. There are records of Yi lacquerware in the Yi creation epic and Bimo classics. There are raps and praises of Yi lacquerware in Yi traditional folk songs and Kezhierbi. There are Yi lacquerware in many Yi historical relics. Therefore, Yi lacquerware has important value for studying Yi history and culture. 2. Arts and Crafts Value. Every piece of Yi lacquerware embodies complex production technology, every lacquerware decoration contains certain cultural connotations, and the shape and color of each product are unique to the nation, and have important arts and crafts value. 3. Practical functional value. Among the dazzling array of Yi lacquerware, very few are merely used as decorations. Almost all of them are directly used in people's production and life, playing their respective functions in different areas of life and living spaces, and have extremely strong practical functional value. 4. Development and collection value. The patterns of Yi lacquerware originate from nature and life. There are patterns that reflect nature, animals, and plants, as well as decorations that reflect people's production and life. The patterns are mostly based on the sun, moon, stars, mountains, rivers, trees, flowers, birds, snakes, insects, birds, beasts, and daily necessities. The production and life scenes of nature and human beings are reproduced on the body in an abstract, artistic, and regular way. The Yi lacquerware has the style of exquisite workmanship, diverse shapes, beautiful and generous, delicate brushwork, whole-body painting, appropriate complexity and simplicity, strong color contrast, and proper primary and secondary positions; it also has the properties of being non-toxic, odorless, acid and alkali resistant, high temperature resistant, non-deformable, not easy to crack, and non-paint-off; the luxurious, gorgeous patterns and beautiful shapes are integrated and harmonious. With the development of society and the improvement of life, Yi lacquerware has become increasingly popular and has become an ideal gift and tourist souvenir. Its collection and market development value has become increasingly prominent.