Kite making skills (Beijing Kite Making Skills)

Haidian District, Beijing
🎧  Listen to Introduction

Kite making has a long history in my country, and its origin can be traced back to the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. Mozi and Lu Ban made bird-shaped instruments out of wood, which could fly when released, and were called "wooden kites". In the Han Dynasty, bamboo strips were used to tie bird-shaped frames and paste paper on them, which were called "paper kites". Later, bamboo whistles and bowstrings were attached to paper kites. When they were released, the wind blew and the whistles and strings rang, which made a pleasant sound, just like a zither, so they were called "kites". my country's kites are mainly produced in Beijing, Tianjin, Nantong, Jiangsu, Weifang, Shandong, Lhasa, Xinjiang and other places. Kites are divided into two types: hard-wing kites and soft-wing kites. The frame of hard-wing kites cannot be disassembled and is strongly affected by wind; the frame of soft-wing kites can be disassembled and boxed, which is easy to store and carry. When flying, each component can move freely. For example, the dragon head of the "Dragon Head Centipede" kite can move its eyes and claws can bend and stretch. Bird-shaped kites can spread their wings and fly among the clouds, and goldfish-shaped kites can slowly swim with their heads and tails shaking, and so on. In addition to these, there are also three-dimensional kites such as palace lanterns and flower baskets. The kite-making process integrates a variety of manual skills, and consists of skeleton-making, mounting, and painting. Among them, skeleton-making is the most critical. If the skeleton is not well-made, the kite cannot fly. In addition to silk and satin, tough and wind-resistant cotton paper is generally used for mounting. Painting is also very important in kite making. Many kites with exquisite painting have been collected as works of art. Peach gum can be appropriately added to the painting pigment to make the color brighter and also play a role in moisture-proof. Flying kites is a traditional folk custom in my country and is beneficial to health. During the Qingming Festival, the wind is upward, which is a good time to fly kites. Weifang, Shandong Province is a traditional production area of kites in my country. Zheng Banqiao, the county magistrate of Weixian County (now Weifang City, Shandong Province) in the Qing Dynasty, once described the grand occasion of kite flying in Weixian County in his poems, with the sentences "paper flowers are like snow flying all over the sky" and "it's good to fight butterflies for the return of spring". Now Weifang holds a kite festival every year to promote the traditional kite culture. At present, inheriting the kite-making skills is of great significance for protecting folk handicrafts, enriching people's cultural life, and improving the health of the general public. Fengzheng Ha is the abbreviation of the famous Beijing kite-making family, the Ha family. Its history of kite-making can be traced back to the late Qing Dynasty, which is more than 160 years ago. The Ha family's ancestral home is Guoziwa Village, Hejian County, Hebei Province. Because their ancestors passed the martial arts examination and went to Beijing. Later, the family fell into decline, and in order to make a living, they opened two shops in Beijing Liulichang to sell kites. According to the "Liulichang Chronicles", "Ha Ji Kites is located in Renwei Temple on the north side of the middle road of Liulichang. In recent decades, the kites made and sold by Ha Ji have been the most famous." From the first-generation founder Ha Guoliang to the fourth-generation heir Ha Yiqi, the Beijing kite Ha kite-making skills have been passed down within the family. The Beijing kite Ha kite-making skills emphasize the four arts of "tying, pasting, painting, and releasing". According to the structure and the degree of adaptability to the wind, kites can be divided into seven categories: hard-winged, soft-winged, hard-beat, soft-beat, string, parachute and three-dimensional. The making skills of Beijing Kite Ha Kite are widely used, and the perfect combination of technology and art in the skeleton structure and painting art of the kite has been achieved, forming a unique style. It is exquisite in materials, moderate in proportion, rigorous in connection, beautiful and generous, full in composition, complex but neat, simple but rich. The kites made are bright in color, stable and generous, with strong color contrast, and have the characteristics of strong wind resistance, fast take-off, high and stable after flying. Ha's kite is an exquisite work of art with certain collection value, and can also provide important reference materials for the study of folk handicrafts and folk art. With the evolution of the times, people's cultural and entertainment methods are constantly changing, the custom of flying kites has gradually faded, and the precious folk handicraft of Beijing Kite Ha making skills is slowly being forgotten by people. At present, this skill is facing the problem of no successors and lost skills, and it is urgent to attract the attention of relevant parties.

Intangible culture related to the heritage

China tourist attractions related to the heritage