"Guo Gan Nian" is a typical representative of the traditional culture of the Yinjiang Tujia people. It is not only a festival to worship ancestors, but also a festival to commemorate the history of the Anti-Japanese War. The custom of the Yinjiang Tujia people celebrating the New Year in advance to send off their relatives is called "Zhu Nian", also known as "Guo Gan Nian". The Yinjiang Tujia "Guo Gan Nian" is mainly spread in the 17 towns and villages of the Yinjiang Tujia and Miao Autonomous County. The customs of celebrating the New Year in Tujia villages represented by Tuanlong Village in Yongyi Township, Xinmingedi Village in Muhuang Town and Shangdong Village in Banxi Town are relatively complete. Yinjiang Tujia and Miao Autonomous County is located in the northeast of Guizhou Province and the west of Tongren City. It covers an area of 1,969 square kilometers and has 17 towns and 430,000 people. Ethnic minorities such as Tujia and Miao account for 70.5% of the total population. The territory is full of mountains, gullies, streams, and subtropical humid monsoon climate. In the long river of history, the Yinjiang Tujia people and other ethnic groups have lived and multiplied on this hot land, not only nurturing many difficult mysteries and mysteries, but also creating many splendid cultural heritages. Regarding the origin of "Guan Nian", the Tujia people in different places have different opinions, but they are all closely related to war. In Yinjiang, the Tujia people's Gan Nian originated from the anti-Japanese war in the late Yuan Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty, and the custom was formed during the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty. In the second year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (1369 AD), Japanese pirates became a problem. Zhu Yuanzhang ordered the construction of 59 castles along the coast of Zhejiang to defend against Japanese pirates. In the 32nd year of Jiajing (1553 AD), Japanese pirates harassed Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Fujian on a large scale, wantonly burned and killed, and robbed property, which aroused strong indignation among the people, and people from all over the country rose up to resist. The chieftain of Yinjiang, which was affiliated to Qianzhong County, implemented the "three-year-old man and two-year-old man" in recruiting local soldiers in accordance with the imperial decree, and strengthened training for the recruitment of Yu Dayou, the general of Huguang. The Yinjiang native soldiers often hunted in the mountains and fished in the rivers and lakes. They had a good physique and were very brave. Under the leadership of the famous anti-Japanese general Yu Dayou, they dealt a heavy blow to the arrogance of the Japanese pirates. During the years of the anti-Japanese war, the Yinjiang native soldiers who were drawn to fight against the Japanese pirates were mostly hunters. They were brave and brave. Under the strict training of Yu Dayou, the general of Huguang, they were familiar with the formation and mastered the "hook sickle spear" skills, making it difficult for the Japanese pirates who were good at "hand-to-hand combat" to deal with them. At the same time, after comprehensive training by the famous anti-Japanese generals Tan Lun and Qi Jiguang, they mastered the "Yuanyang formation". In the battles to defend the country and guard the border, they bravely took the lead, bravely killed the enemy, and sacrificed their lives. They repeatedly made military exploits and wrote a glorious page. At that time, due to the emergency, the transfer order required the Tujia soldiers to set off for the front line at the end of the twelfth lunar month. In order to celebrate the reunion year, the Tujia people celebrated the New Year in advance (the 29th day of a long lunar month and the 28th day of a short lunar month) to worship their ancestors and gods, and to cheer up their relatives who were going to the war. Year after year, it became a convention that the Tujia people celebrated the New Year in advance to cheer up their relatives, which was called "the Tujia New Year". With the recognition of the Tujia ethnic group, the Tujia ethnic festival gradually formed, and a series of sacrificial activities were held to commemorate the soldiers who died in the anti-Japanese war. By the Qing Dynasty, the custom of "the Tujia New Year" was extremely common. Because the Tujia "the Tujia New Year" is always one day earlier than other ethnic groups' "New Year", it is also called "the New Year." "The New Year" is around the 20th day of the twelfth lunar month every year, and the Tujia people start to enter the New Year stage as a household. On the 28th day of the twelfth lunar month (the 29th day of the lunar month), every household celebrates the New Year in a relatively fixed way, with a unique sacrificial procedure and expression, to worship the gods and ancestors, and to commemorate the Tujia ancestors and heroes who fought bloody battles in the anti-Japanese war. Before the festival, every household kills sheep, bakes bacon, cooks sausages, brews rice wine, grinds tofu, makes glutinous rice cakes, sweeps dust, and posts red couplets. They also hide farm tools such as ropes, spears, plowshares, rakes, hoes, and wooden scales in hidden places to avoid danger. On the New Year's Day, the owner gets up in the middle of the night, does not light a lamp, and quietly cooks food. The content is extremely rich, including "avoiding the tripod", "combining dishes", "eating tuotuo meat", etc. "Avoiding the tripod" means cooking rice in a tripod pot, which is called "avoiding the tripod", meaning that outsiders are not allowed to compete for the rice in the tripod pot of their own family, because the "tripod" is authority and a sacred artifact, with both religious and political meanings. "Hecai" means to twist various dishes into pieces and cook them in a pot, which is called "Hecai", which means to twist them into a rope; "Eating Tuotuo Meat" means to cut the meat into pieces in advance, put it in the pot and cook it late at night, then put tofu in and use a spatula to make pieces, which is called "Eating Tuotuo Meat", which means that one often wins the battle after going to the war, and the other means that the time for the war is tight and there is no time to stir-fry; after the dishes and rice are cooked, the cooked food is served in a large sand bowl or wooden basin, placed on a small table, and placed with liquor and other food for sacrifice. The whole sacrificial process is completed by the elders of the family. 1. Use pine branches and plum blossoms to insert on the rice, and then put a basket with bamboo chopsticks next to it, which means hiding in the jungle of thousands of trees, observing the enemy situation, and if the enemy is in a hurry, shoot with arrows (bamboo chopsticks are arrows). Second, hold a fire stick and blow it with a blowpipe in front of and behind the house, which is called "blowing the wind", meaning blowing the horn to summon soldiers and horses to assemble. The fire stick represents the iron fork. Third, the four doors are closed, and the ancestor worship begins. The elders take the prepared paper, long money paper, scattered money paper, incense, and candles from the incense niche, chanting something, bowing three times and knocking nine times, burning incense and burning money, ringing the chimes to ask the ancestors to taste the food, and pray for the ancestors to protect them secretly. Then worship the mountain god, hunting god, and land god, and silently worship the vine spirit, tree spirit, and ancient wood goblin. Worship the mountain god, hunting god, and land god, meaning to avoid all kinds of magical monsters and evil spirits during the march and arrive at the destination smoothly. The elders also hold paper money to worship the heroes who died in the anti-Japanese war, and silently tell the soldiers and heroes. This is "chasing the soldiers" or "chasing the ambition", which means stepping on the blood of the martyrs, charging into battle, bravely killing the enemy, returning victoriously, and celebrating together with yin and yang. Then put a little of various cooked food in the gourd ladle, cover the mouth of the gourd ladle with money paper, open the door, take it out of the house, and walk around the front and back of the house. This is called "touching the camp", which means that the enemy situation has been found out. Then, go to the crossroads (the intersection of two roads) to burn incense and paper, silently offer sacrifices to Han Linhui, and then scatter the cooked food in the gourd ladle on the ground. This is "returning the five yins", called "sprinkling grain slurry", which means to give food and wages to the soldiers and go to war immediately. And scatter rice, corn, wheat, soybeans, etc. in front of and behind the house, which is called "distributing horse materials", which means to give food and wages to the ghost soldiers and horses, and to win the battle with the help of the power of the ghost soldiers and horses. After the sacrifice, close the door again, remove the pine branches and plum blossoms, and the whole family will gather around the fire pit to eat the New Year's dinner, grabbing food with their hands and gobbling it up; this is "fighting for food". It means "camping", resting up, and waiting for the order to go to war. "Celebrating the New Year" is a unique custom formed by the Tujia people in the long process of inheritance and development. In Yinjiang, other ethnic groups celebrate the New Year on New Year's Eve, but the Tujia people celebrate the New Year on the day before New Year's Eve, which is the 29th day for a long month and the 28th day for a short month. To this day, in Yinjiang, Tujia villages with the same clan and the same surname or different surnames have inherited the tradition from generation to generation in villages. "Celebrating the New Year" has become a symbol of the Tujia identity. At the same time, "Celebrating the New Year" is based on the remembrance of the ancestors of the Tujia people and the heroes who fought against the Japanese invaders, with "Farewell Song" as the keynote, and incorporates cultural and artistic elements such as the Tujia hand-waving dance, lanterns, dragon lanterns, and folk songs, which complement the traces of history and folk customs, and form a colorful picture of Tujia customs. With the development of society and the progress of modern civilization, the form of the Tujia people's New Year celebration has changed, and the traditional taboos and sacrifices have been weakened. As the spiritual pillar and traditional festival culture of a nation, it will face a crisis of inheritance. (No pictures yet, welcome to provide.) (No pictures yet, welcome to provide.)