Xinning Badong Yao ethnic group drum dance
The "drum jumping altar" of the Badong Yao people in Xinning is mainly spread in the Badong area of Malin, Huangjin Yao Township and surrounding townships in Xinning County, Hunan Province. In 2006, the Badong Yao drum jumping altar was identified as the first batch of intangible cultural heritage list projects in Hunan Province. It is said that the 16th day of the 10th lunar month every year is the birthday of the Yao ancestor Pan Wang. It is the harvest season. In order to commemorate Pan Wang's achievements of "cutting wood to see the mountains and reclaiming land to create fields", the Badong Yao people drink water and remember the source, slaughter pigs and sheep, and celebrate grandly. There is a custom of a small celebration every three years and a big celebration every seven years. The small celebration lasts for 3 days and the big celebration lasts for 7 days. To jump the drum altar, you must first choose a sacrificial site, tie bamboo to build a hut and set up an altar, and then set up a statue of Pan Wang in the center of the altar. The ceremony consists of setting up the holy altar, cleaning the altar, setting up five buildings and four villages, raising the banner, raising the banner, beating the five demons, picking up the girls, climbing the knife mountain, descending the sea of fire, opening the sky, offering five sacrifices to Pan Wang, celebrating the five kings, dancing the drum hall dance, mountain hunting, walking in the long wind, singing thank-you love songs, holding a Qingjiao, collecting the five demons, tying three disasters, collecting plagues with paper boats, saying goodbye, and holding a drum hall meeting. The drum hall dance is divided into five stages: "East Celebration, South Walking, Middle Pan, North Hanging, West Turning", which shows the whole life journey of the Yao people from production and life, love between men and women, intercourse and reproduction, having children and groups to passing away in old age. The seven-day sacrificial ritual of the Xinning Badong Yao drum hall dance is as follows: On the first day, in the morning, prepare the altar to invite the holy, clean the drum hall, set up the Pan Wang statue, prepare the sacrifices and the materials for setting up the altar. In the afternoon, prepare the rituals of "starting the holy" and "flying report" to invite the gods. On the second day, the altar is set up. Bamboo is tied to form a hut in the drum hall, the sacrificial site. 128 straw ropes and 36 bamboo stakes are used to enclose the drum hall into two circles, with four gates and five floors. Then pigs and sheep are slaughtered, blood sacrifices are made to the gods, and rituals of "Celebrating Pan Wang" and "Celebrating Nuo Gong and Nuo Mu" are performed. Nuo opera is performed, which tells the story of the marriage of the master of Dongshan and the little sister of Nanshan after the flood and the reproduction of human beings. On the third day, after the ritual, the "bridge is built". The master leads the Nuo Gong and three men and three women to "go to the mother's home" to ask the Holy Mother to drive away plague and disaster. Ask the "harmony god" to resolve disputes and grievances in the world. The "go to the mother's home" people and horses go to each village and household until dusk, and then return to the drum hall. On the fourth day, the "three-day celebration" ritual is performed, which is intended to ask the goddess to return to the cave to bless the Yao family with peace and a good harvest; the songs are mostly "romantic songs". On the fifth day, the ritual of "subduing the dragon and the tiger" is performed, including a full set of rituals such as "standing on Meishan" and "jumping on Meishan". Meishan here is also divided into three caves, namely the "Hongqi Grand Altar" in the upper cave, the "Riding Tiger Grand Altar" in the middle cave, and the "Leishi Grand Altar" in the lower cave. On the sixth day, "offering sacrifice to the King of Pan", "jumping in the drum hall", "building a ship", and "traveling in the five seas". On the seventh day, "collecting the plague and sending the saint away". First, the ritual of "opening the sky" is held: after climbing the highest level of the knife ladder, the master holds the "moon axe" to chop his forehead, and the blood is sprinkled in the wine bowl on the ground to eliminate the disaster. Then, two boys carry the "plague boat" to tour the village, and paste talismans in each house to collect the plague and bury the disaster. Then return to the drum hall to perform the ritual of "walking in the long wind", singing and dancing to bid farewell to the saint and send off the god. The Xinning Badong Yao drum dance is a national epic that records the Yao ancestors' journey through mountains and rivers, and their migration to Badong Yao Mountain, where they "cut trees to see the mountains, and reclaim land to create fields". It is an important part of the existing traditional culture of the Chinese nation and has high anthropological and ethnological value. (No pictures yet, welcome to provide.) (No pictures yet, welcome to provide.)