Miao people's cattle beating

Hunan
🎧  Listen to Introduction

The Miao language for beheading cattle is called "Jia Nie Hu'e", which means "eating cattle and acacia" in Chinese. In ancient times, the Miao people prayed for the blessing of the gods and made a wish to behead cattle in order to eliminate disasters and diseases, live a healthy life, and prosper their families. The wish can be made for one, two, or three years, but after making the wish, it must be carried out according to the years and cannot be broken. Generally, a small family uses a big buffalo, and a big family uses a big buffalo, two yellow cattle and two fat pigs. In ancient times, beheading cattle usually lasted for three days. The first day was for guests, the second day was for beheading cattle, and the third day was for guests to leave. Early in the morning on the day of the guests, the host would bring a wine pot and gongs, drums and suona to the entrance of the village to welcome the distant guests. Whenever a guest arrived, the gongs, drums and suona sounded together. When the guest came to the front, the host would fill three cups of wine and offer them. When the guest was thirsty, he would come to the host's house accompanied by relatives and friends, hand over a gift, and wait for the guests to arrive before the host opened a banquet. At the banquet, the host urged the guests to drink and the guests drank happily. Sometimes, the host and the guests could not help but talk to each other or sing drinking songs to liven up the atmosphere. The banquet lasted from morning to evening. After nightfall, it was another scene. First, the Miao elder burned incense and rang bells to invite the gods to come, and then the young men and women sang songs in turn according to a certain procedure. Women sang and men answered, men sang and women answered, and the whole family was happy until dawn. The next day, the cattle were slaughtered. Early in the morning, people came to a large square in the wild. There were tens of thousands of onlookers in the square. The big buffalo was tied to the ring outside the flower column. Around the square, there were thousands of people pious and how "beautiful" the buffalo was. Then the big Utopia cannon was lit. After three Utopia cannons were fired, people began to offer the buffalo old wine, and the buffalo was drunk. The buffalo seemed to be drunk and circled around the flower column. At this time, someone will whip the buffalo with a bamboo stick or a wooden stick. The buffalo will jump around like crazy after being frightened. At this time, the owner's maternal uncle will rush forward with a spear and poke the pre-drawn circle on the right rib of the buffalo. The buffalo will spin wildly, and blood will splatter on the flower column and the ground. If the spear hits, the person and the buffalo will die. After the buffalo dies, gongs and drums will be loud, suona and trombone will sound, and people will jump and cheer to celebrate the victory of beating the buffalo. When returning to the owner's house, everyone will sing and celebrate, and the owner will prepare a banquet to entertain them warmly. After dinner, they will play the flower drum. First, the owner will play, then the maternal uncle, then the wife's uncle, and the rest will play according to the order of closeness to the owner. When playing the flower drum, one person can play alone or in pairs, and sing and dance while beating the drum. At night, the lights are bright, and everyone gathers together to sing. The Miao elders will tell people about the heroic deeds of the Miao ancestors from time to time according to irregular procedures. The ancestors of the Miao people - the hardships and pains of migrating from the plains to the mountains, as well as the tragic history of their ancestors' resistance to the rulers and their heroic and tenacious, indomitable spirit of struggle. There are also host and guests singing the song of slashing cattle, and everyone singing and singing to each other, and having fun until late at night. People also have to eat supper, and after eating, young men and women start singing and dancing. Then they sing, and whoever wins will be rewarded by the host with chicken legs, glutinous rice cakes, etc. Have fun all night long. On the third day, the guests dispersed. After the cattle were slashed, the Miao old priest performed rituals, and then separated, also known as dismembering the cattle. The knifeman used a nimble and flexible knife technique to peel off the cow's skin, cut off the cow's head, and left it at the host's home for ancestor worship, and cut off the front and hind legs and gave them to the eldest uncle, the second uncle and their important relatives. Finally, after the remaining beef and offal were cooked in a pot for the villagers to enjoy, people left slowly with a reluctant mood. After liberation, the Miao people generally do not carry out cattle-killing activities, mainly to protect the working oxen. However, in order to maintain ethnic customs, the local people's government often arranges cattle-killing activities once a year, every two or three years. The scene is more lively and the momentum is more massive, often attracting many foreign friends from afar.

Intangible culture related to the heritage

China tourist attractions related to the heritage