Brand gongs and drums and string gongs and drums

Hubei
🎧  Listen to Introduction

Branded gongs and drums and stringed gongs and drums are a kind of folk instrumental music widely spread in Tuanfeng County. In folk activities, in order to set off the atmosphere and express emotions, "beating gongs and drums" has become the best choice. Branded gongs and drums are widely spread, and almost every village in the county has its own gong and drum class. The stringed gongs and drums spread in Jiamiao, Dupi and other places in the northern mountainous areas of our county are a form of folk instrumental music with a more complex combination of musical instruments and a larger band lineup than branded gongs and drums. With its strong artistic image and musical charm, it has become a wonderful flower in the intangible cultural heritage of our county. "Branded gongs and drums" include "qupai" played by percussion and wind instruments and "dianzi" (gong and drum classics) played by percussion instruments alone. It is popular in the northern mountainous areas of the former Huanggang County, with Jiamiao and other places as the focus, and it is more scattered in other mountainous and hilly areas. The fact that "Branded gongs and drums" can be spread from the middle of the Qing Dynasty to the present is inseparable from the folk customs and social and geographical environment of Tuanfeng area. First, the "branded gongs and drums" accompany the dragon lantern activities, expressing the people's love for life and pursuit of happiness; second, it uses the instrumental music effect to express the rich thoughts and feelings of the people; third, it can promote group activities, unite people's hearts, inspire people's enthusiasm for life, inspire the people's fighting spirit, and promote the national spirit; fourth, while meeting the people's cultural life needs, it carries the inheritance and development of national folk traditional culture. This activity has a high research value in preserving China's local cultural characteristics, folk customs, humanistic environment, aesthetic taste, moral concepts and the development and changes of folk culture and art. At the same time, it also has an important influence on guiding the people to love life, be positive, love the country and the family, and have harmonious relationships. The branded gongs and drums are most famous for the "Dengcaohui" in Xujiawan, Jiangjunshan, Dupi Township. The apprentices are all over the East and West Townships of Huanggang. Its successor Xu Mingjing also recruited apprentices to teach art after the reform and opening up. Silk string gongs and drums belong to the folk music instrumental classification. It is a folk music category with a wide range, beautiful timbre and a large lineup, which is composed of national percussion instruments and national string instruments. The spread of silk string gongs and drums in our county can be traced back to the middle and late Qing Dynasty. Most of the silk string gongs and drums classes are formed in the form of families, and they are responsible for the performance of the family's happy and funeral celebrations and activities of worshiping ancestors and gods. For example, the original team of Tangjiawan Silk String Gongs and Drums Class in Jiamiao, Dupi's Lijia Dawan Silk String Gongs and Drums Class, and Jiangjunshan Silk String Gongs and Drums Class in our county are basically family gongs and drums classes. "Silk string gongs and drums" are composed of four parts: stringed instruments, plucked instruments, wind instruments, and percussion instruments. Stringed instruments include Jinghu, Erhu, Zhonghu, and Sihu; plucked instruments include Sanxian and Yueqin; wind instruments include small suona, three-section trumpet, and bamboo flute; percussion instruments include big drum (also known as Zhentian drum), small drum, side drum, cloud board, big gong, horse gong, small hand gong, big cymbals, small cymbals, etc. The "silk string gongs and drums" band is huge, with one person playing the same instrument. Large temples will add "lifting gongs" to create an atmosphere. The conductor of the band is Ma Luo. The horse gong is named because it looks like a horse hoof. It is an important instrument of the silk string gong and drum. When playing, the left hand holds the gong body with the thumb, index finger and ring finger, and keeps moving and swinging it. The right hand uses a wooden mallet with a large head and a small tail to hit the gong center. When the wooden mallet hits the gong center, it just happens to catch up with the moment when the gong body and the fingers are out of contact. Therefore, the timbre and the length of the sound can be adjusted with the swing amplitude of the left hand, making a strange and pleasant sound. Many tunes of the silk string gong and drum are led by the horse gong, and the horse gong is thrown into the air up to 23 meters from time to time, achieving a unique artistic effect, with extraordinary ornamental and entertaining value. The player of the horse gong is usually the organizer and leader of the gong and drum class. Lin Bai, a horse gong master of the silk string gong and drum class of Jiangjunshan Village, said that he could throw the horse gong more than ten feet into the air and then start to beat and conduct, which is famous far and wide. The size of the band can be large or small, ranging from a dozen to dozens of people. The general percussion instruments remain unchanged, while bamboo flute, bamboo Xiao, erhu, sanxian, yueqin, etc. can be increased or decreased according to the personnel. The tunes of silk string gongs and drums are divided into three categories: the first is the silk string tunes of percussion instruments-silk and bamboo interludes; the second is the gong and drum tunes; and the third is the silk string tunes. The silk string gongs and drums incorporate certain characteristics of opera music into the silk string gongs and drums, which makes them more unique, enriching and developing the music content and performance form of the silk string gongs and drums. The Lijia Dawan silk string gongs and drums class is also called the "sitting hall class", which can perform "hall meetings" during weddings, funerals and temple fairs. From the end of the 20th century to the beginning of the 21st century, due to the influence of Western instrumental music, there were few young people learning national folk instruments, and many folk activities declined among the people, so there was no successor to the team. In addition, since most of its tunes and scores do not have powder copies, they are mainly passed on orally. With the passing of the older generation of folk artists, the tunes and skills of silk string gongs and drums are facing the danger of extinction. Therefore, having the opportunity to go to Tuanfeng to enjoy the performance of Paizi gongs and drums and silk string gongs and drums is a blessing in life!

Intangible culture related to the heritage

China tourist attractions related to the heritage