Enshi Nuo Opera

Hubei
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Nuo opera originated from the exorcism activities of Fangxiangshi in the Shang and Zhou dynasties. After the Han Dynasty, it gradually developed into a ritual ceremony with strong entertainment and musical elements. Around the Song Dynasty, Nuo rituals, influenced by folk songs and dances and dramas, began to evolve into Nuo operas aimed at repaying gods and fulfilling vows. Later, they were gradually combined with folk songs and dances, operas and other art forms, and evolved into a new folk art form, known as the "living fossil of Chinese drama". Enshi Nuo opera never participates in folk memorial activities for the dead, but is more often performed on festive occasions such as praying for blessings and receiving good fortune. The branch repertoire "Shuashua" in Enshi Nuo opera is very famous, similar to the "Errenzhuan" in Northeast my country. In Enshi, in addition to general folk sacrificial activities, Nuo opera mostly participates in festive activities, playing the role of "welcoming gods, praying for blessings, exorcising evil, and receiving good fortune". According to different roles, the performance wears various handmade masks. There is a saying that "wearing a mask is a god, and taking off the mask is a human". At present, Nuo opera is widely popular in Anhui, Jiangxi, Hubei, Guizhou, Yunnan and other provinces. In Enshi City, Nuo opera is mainly popular in Sancha, Hongtu and other places. Speaking of Sancha Nuo opera, we have to mention the 27th generation inheritor of Sancha Nuo opera, "Chao Shen" Tan Xuechao. Among the people of Sancha, there is still a legend that he used Nuo opera to attract hundreds of birds to worship the phoenix. In the 1980s, Tan Xuechao began to systematically teach the art of Nuo opera to members. Under his guidance, the reputation of Sancha Nuo opera has become higher and higher. Sancha Township has won the honor of "Hometown of Chinese Folk Culture and Art", and Tan Xuechao was named the first folk art master of Enshi Prefecture. Master Tan Xuechao has 8 real-name disciples and more than 2,000 registered disciples. Enshi Nuo opera shines with unique national charm and has a high value of national research. It has long been the focus of major media, experts and scholars, and all walks of life.

Intangible culture related to the heritage

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