Traditional culture of the Bai people in M Village, Daying Town

Yunnan
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Village is located in Daying Town, Binchuan County, Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture. The village has 1,402 households and 5,769 people. The per capita cultivated land area is 1.7 mu, and the per capita income is 1,306 yuan (2004). M Village has a long history and rich culture. It is a village where every family collects books and grows flowers. Many celebrities have come from it in history. It is also the hometown of Yang Ganzhen, the noble of Nanzhao Dayining State. M Village has beautiful scenery and many cultural relics. The decorations of ancient buildings in various natural villages are mostly paintings and sculptures. Temples are mostly painted with dragons, phoenixes, lions, and tigers, and folk houses are generally painted with pumpkins, dragons and flowers. The overlapping brackets and flying corners of the house have a strong Bai style. There are many ancient courtyards in M Village, with front halls and back yards, and the curved verandas are extremely exquisite. Now 95% of the folk houses are civil structures, and brick-wood structures and steel-concrete structures are rare. The villagers' clothing and decoration are typical ancient Bai costumes. Women's clothes are short in front and long in the back. There are old, middle-aged, young and married and unmarried. The women in M Village are clever and skillful. They mainly embroider clothes, shoes, hats and other daily necessities with bright patterns and exquisite craftsmanship. During festivals, M Village is almost a grand exhibition of traditional embroidery art. The folk culture is rich and profound, and has been passed down from generation to generation from ancient times to the present. The annual "welcoming the emperor and the master" ceremony is the most representative; the three spirits, the king whip, the big song, the Bai nationality antiphonal singing, the ancient music of the cave, the dragon and lion dance, the costume performance, the rice planting meeting, etc. are cultural activities that the villagers enthusiastically participate in. The residential architecture of M Village is unique. The village is composed of residential groups of the three major surnames of Zhang, Zhao and Yang. The surnames are relatively concentrated, the layout is orderly, the courtyards are majestic, and the mountain springs flow along the stone alleys. It is the most typical example of the Bai architectural style and architectural art in Binchuan area. M Village has the master temple, the prince temple, the old lady temple, the Wenchang Palace, etc., which are constantly incense all year round. The most solemn Buddhist activity is to welcome the emperor back to the altar on the fifteenth day of the first lunar month. On the 11th day of the first lunar month every year, each village takes turns to receive Guanyin Bodhisattva and the local master Zhao Shanzheng for worship, which means to enjoy the happiness with the people. On the 15th day of the first lunar month, each village will dance lions, and every household will prepare rich and delicious food and place it at the door to welcome the emperor home. The activities of welcoming the emperor are organized by the men in the village who got married that year. In addition, there are activities such as the Birthday of the Holy Mother (the 23rd day of the second lunar month), the Local Master Festival (the 9th day of the seventh lunar month), the Chaodou Festival (the 1st to the 2nd day of the third lunar month, the 1st to the 6th day of the sixth lunar month, and the 1st to the 11th day of the ninth lunar month), the Chaodu Festival, and the Zhongyuan Festival (the 14th day of the seventh lunar month). On the 20th day of the fifth lunar month, the birthday of the Dragon King, the villagers will go to the Dragon King Temple to hold sacrificial activities to pray for good weather and a good harvest. Folk literature plays an important role in the traditional culture of the Bai people in M Village. It mainly praises the celebrities and heroes of the Bai people. In particular, the legends praising Zhao Shanzheng and Yang Ganzhen are well-known. There are also many works praising free marriage and satirizing corrupt officials. There are more than 10 kinds of myths and legends, such as "Legend of Yang Ganzhen", "Strange Stories of the Spring Water in Muwang Temple", "Legend of Lotus Pond", "Stories of Black Dragon Pool", "Legend of Naijian Mountain", "Legend of Phoenix Mountain", "Origin of Taurus", "Footprints of Immortals", "Umbrella of the Benzhu", "Yinyang Tree", "Dragon Horse Tree", "Longma Slope", "Historical Myths and Legends of the Holy Mother Temple in M Village", etc. Folk songs and ballads mainly praise the national heroes of the Bai nationality, reflect the production and life of the Bai people, and praise the fine traditions of the Bai people's diligence and kindness. The Dabenqu of M Village also follows the "3715" lyrics and sentences. The melody and intonation are closely combined, sometimes speaking and singing, and accompanied by performance actions, which makes the music have a humorous and humorous style. The accompaniment instruments are mainly small three-stringed instruments, and are also equipped with erhu, yueqin, percussion instruments, suona, bamboo flute, etc. The Dongjing music of M Village has a long history. The music is simple and elegant, beautiful and pleasant, with a slow rhythm and infectiousness, and has a strong Bai nationality feature. Dongjing music performances are mainly held during the Spring Festival. In addition, villagers also perform music at weddings, birthdays, and on the first and fifteenth day of each lunar month. The main repertoires include "Nanqing Palace", "General's Order", "Open the Door Big", "Open the Door Small", "A Cup of Wine", "-Song", etc. Folk traditional sports are mainly used for physical fitness and festival competitions and performances, including swings and horse racing. Recreational activities include singing, women throwing bags, and spinning tops. (No pictures yet, welcome to provide.) (No pictures yet, welcome to provide.)

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