Jingdezhen porcelain brush making skills (the third batch of provincial level) The history of Jingdezhen porcelain brush making should rise at the same time as Jingdezhen's porcelain industry. And with the continuous expansion of porcelain production varieties and the continuous innovation of porcelain production technology, the varieties and production skills of porcelain brushes have also been continuously increased and improved. Before the founding of New China, there were fifteen or sixteen shops in Jingdezhen that made porcelain brushes, mainly distributed in Bi (Bi) Jia Lane, Wangjia Street, Gongguanling and the area in front of the factory (Imperial Kiln Factory) in the current Zhushan District. The owners and workers of the brush industry are mostly from Lijiadu, Linchuan, Jiangxi, and a small number are from Jinxi. Among the many brush shops, the brushes of Zixingtang and Linwentang are the best. In the early 1950s, all brush shops united to form a porcelain brush cooperative, which was later renamed the Porcelain Brush Factory, and the factory was located on Ma'anshan Road in the current Zhushan District. In the 1990s, the Porcelain Brush Factory was restructured and disintegrated. The production of porcelain brushes is scattered. There are currently 8 private brush shops in the district. The production skills of porcelain brushes are relatively complex and require relatively high standards. It can be roughly divided into processes such as raw material processing, brush hair arrangement, brush hair matching and brush assembly. The development of the porcelain industry in Jingdezhen for thousands of years has promoted the prosperity of the porcelain brush industry, derived hundreds of types of porcelain brushes, and formed a unique art form. It can be mainly divided into three categories: "water pen", "painting brush" and "painting porcelain brush". For thousands of years, the production skills of Jingdezhen porcelain brushes have continued to develop and enrich with the development of the porcelain industry. Its main characteristics are: 1. The long history. 2. The uniqueness of the skills. 3. The richness of the products. The important value of the porcelain brush production skills is reflected in its irreplaceability. 1. The use of porcelain brushes cannot be replaced by other tools. 2. The production of porcelain brushes cannot be completely replaced by mechanized production. 3. As an integral part of Jingdezhen's ceramic culture, the production technique of porcelain brushes carries a profound cultural heritage, which cannot be replaced. The brilliance of Jingdezhen ceramics can be said to be the result of the action of many factors, including superior natural conditions and the exquisiteness of various auxiliary processes. Among these auxiliary processes, the production technique of Jingdezhen porcelain brushes should be a decisive link. Without the unique Jingdezhen porcelain brushes, it is hard to imagine the birth of exquisite porcelain. There is no accurate record of when the production of Jingdezhen porcelain brushes began. It is speculated that it should have begun in the Yuan Dynasty, mainly due to the demand for the development of blue-and-white porcelain. With the continuous expansion of porcelain production varieties and the continuous innovation of porcelain production technology, the varieties and production techniques of porcelain brushes have also been continuously increased and improved. Before the Southern Song Dynasty, Jingdezhen only produced blue-and-white porcelain. In the Yuan Dynasty, Jingdezhen began to produce blue-and-white porcelain. Since blue-and-white porcelain needs to use raw materials containing diamond as colorants to paint on the body of the vessel, and diamond is a mineral material, ordinary brushes are not suitable for painting blue-and-white on the clay body. In response to the special needs of painting Yuan blue and white porcelain, Jingdezhen should have started the history of making porcelain brushes at that time. As for its origin, Shen Min pointed out in the article "Analysis of the History and Current Situation of Jingdezhen's Porcelain Brush Industry" that it should be "learned from Xuanzhou. Jiangxi borders Anhui, which provides great possibilities for the spread of Xuan brush technology." Later, "Jingdezhen gradually saw the emergence of writing and painting brushes, tart brushes, water pens, and glaze brushes specifically used for writing and painting blue and white porcelain." "The prevalence of five-color in the Ming Dynasty began to appear hook pens and filling pens. During the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty, the blue and white porcelain appeared with a water mixing process. The materials were divided into five colors, which could make the picture form a rich layer of changes, so a special water mixing pen appeared to meet the needs of the water mixing process. With the emergence of Kangxi five-color, Yongzheng pastel and enamel colors, the variety of porcelain pens became more abundant, and hook pens, filling pens, single and double material brushes, washing and dyeing water pens, gold pens, etc. were also added. Then, with the introduction of new colors in the late Qing Dynasty, various oil pens, banners, regular script pens, hook pens, sweeping pens, opening pens, repairing pens, flat pens, chicken hair, etc. for overglaze colored porcelain began to appear." At this point, the craftsmanship of making porcelain brushes in Jingdezhen has become a system of its own, and has become an indispensable part of Jingdezhen's folk handicrafts. In modern times, the Jingdezhen Porcelain Brush Factory was established, which not only carries forward this craftsmanship, but also marks a new stage in the development of Jingdezhen's porcelain brushes.