Flat embroidery (Yangzhou embroidery) Yangzhou embroidery originated in the Han Dynasty, flourished in the Tang Dynasty, was refined in the Song Dynasty, and flourished in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Yangzhou embroidery is an important school of Suzhou embroidery, and it is unique for its expertise in freehand ink and wash embroidery. Embroiderers often use famous calligraphy and paintings as the basis, integrate painting principles with embroidery principles, and flexibly use various needle techniques. The embroidered works all show the charm of elegant brush and ink, reaching the realm of "embroidery and painting are difficult to distinguish". Not only that, Yangzhou embroidery fully reflects the texture and characteristics of the beauty of embroidery needlework and silk thread on the basis of understanding the meaning of the painting, highlighting the uniqueness of embroidery art, and making the works have a unique charm different from painting art, "not like painting, but better than painting". Yangzhou embroidery includes many processes such as designing embroidery drafts, stretching and matching, embroidery, and mounting. Embroidery designers select drafts, read paintings, draw drafts that adapt to the characteristics of embroidery, and guide embroiderers to understand paintings. There are many kinds of embroidery needles, including straight needles, loose needles, spiral needles, connecting needles, rolling needles, and floating needles. There are many requirements for the selection of needlework, starting and ending the needle, "flat, even, neat, dense"; the arrangement of lines, the proper density; the overlapping of skins, the interlacing of needles; the smooth inlay of colors, and the natural silk texture. Yangzhou embroidery places special emphasis on the embroidery artist's understanding, blending talent and perception together, the so-called "heart-line magic needle". The pursuit of "precision, elegance, harmony, smoothness, uniformity, liveliness, transparency, and cleanliness" means "precision" for fine silk splitting and meticulous needlework; "elegance" for famous works of celebrities and elegant pictures; "harmony" for harmonious colors and appropriate shades; "smoothness" for smooth silk threads and natural turns; "evenness" for even skin heads and proper density; "liveliness" for flexible techniques and lively needlework; "transparency" for the combination of virtuality and reality, and ethereal clarity; "cleanliness" for smooth embroidery surfaces and fitting like a painting, thus forming the unique style of Yangzhou embroidery. Yangzhou embroidery draws on the Yangzhou painting school, integrating traditional skills with traditional art, showing the profound and exquisite regional cultural spirit, and providing a basis for people to study the composition and development history of Yangzhou culture. Many works of Yangzhou freehand embroidery are elegant in style and profound in artistic conception, and are loved by people. They have high artistic value, aesthetic value and collection value. Yangzhou embroidery works from different periods reflect people's aesthetic concepts, value orientations, folk customs and regional culture in a specific period, and have rich historical and cultural research value. (No pictures yet, welcome to provide.) (No pictures yet, welcome to provide.)