Uygur drum and wind music is a kind of national instrumental music widely spread in Uygur settlements north and south of Tianshan Mountain in Xinjiang. It is usually played by a sunaiyi, three pairs of nagla and a dongbak, and sometimes with varying numbers of kanaiyi and several dabs. It can play fragments of Uygur Muqam and Uygur songs and dances spread all over the country, and there are also relatively fixed drum and wind music suites (such as "12 sets of Ili Uygur drum and wind music suites") spread in different regions. The main function of Uygur drum and wind music is to accompany mass self-entertainment dances, and it is indispensable in all Uygur festivals and life rituals. Uygur drum and wind music spread in different regions is different in band composition, music style and other aspects, but its melody is smooth and undulating, and the beat and rhythm are complex and changeable, which can create a warm and cheerful festive atmosphere. Turpan is famous for playing the melody of each set of "Turpan Muqam" from beginning to end in the form of drum and wind music. On June 14, 2008, the Uyghur drum and wind music was approved by the State Council to be included in the second batch of national intangible cultural heritage list. The ancestor of Nagla drum, Jie drum, was introduced to the mainland from the Western Regions during the Northern and Southern Dynasties and became popular in the Tang Dynasty. The production materials of Nagla have gone through the process from the ancient wooden drum clapper to the iron resonance body, and the playing method has evolved from "hitting on both sides" to "hitting on one side". Surnai is a wind instrument in drum and wind music, which originated from Arabia and was later introduced to the Western Regions. The Uyghurs who migrated to Yili in the west inherited the original music culture and, after more than 600 years, created 12 sets of drum and wind music with rich content and complete form, and made them have distinct national characteristics. Uyghur drum and wind music is often used in festive occasions such as festivals and weddings, and is also common in various Maixi Refu and ceremonies of worshiping the holy descendants that are often held by the people. Because of its distinct rhythm, high-pitched and passionate voice, and its ability to create a festive atmosphere, it is often used as an accompaniment for mass square dances and folk acrobatics "Dawazi" performances; it is said that it was also used as military music to boost morale during wars in ancient times. In addition to playing some sporadic tunes, the Uyghur drum music also has a tendency to develop into a suite. There are different drum music suites circulating in southern and northern Xinjiang, among which the famous ones are "Ili Twelve Drum Music Sets" circulated in the Ili region, "Yer" and "Milis" circulated in the Turpan region, 28 sets of "Sainaim" circulated in the Korla region, "Sama Dance" and "Shediana" circulated in the Kashgar region, etc. Its structure generally starts with a free-tempo prelude, followed by a series of music that gradually speeds up, from lyrical to cheerful and passionate, and finally ends with a free-tempo phrase.