The craftsmanship of making national musical instruments in Shanghai can be traced back to the reigns of Emperor Qianlong and Emperor Jiaqing of the Qing Dynasty. In the early 20th century, dozens of musical instrument workshops gathered in Chenghuangmiao Street (now Fangbang Middle Road), Wumalu (now Guangdong Road), and Liumalu (now Beihai Road). In 1956, the entire national musical instrument industry in Shanghai was cooperative-run, and 86 national musical instrument workshops merged to form the Shanghai National Musical Instrument Cooperative. In July 1958, the cooperative was established as the collectively owned Shanghai National Musical Instrument Factory No. 1. The craftsmanship of making national musical instruments incorporates elements such as history, color, and aesthetics, and combines a variety of craftsmanship techniques such as modeling, carving, painting, and inlaying, with outstanding cultural and artistic value. The Folk Music Factory No. 1 hired famous people in the folk music industry as consultants to guide and identify product craftsmanship and sound quality, which substantially improved the product grade. The exquisite craftsmanship has also made Shanghai's national musical instruments win numerous awards, and has won the National Light Industry Quality Product Award and Shanghai Quality Product Award many times. The production of national musical instruments is technically difficult, has a long learning cycle, and is hard work. The production staff is relatively old and there is a lack of successors. Some protection measures have been taken, but further efforts are still needed. Information source: China Intangible Cultural Heritage Protection Center Information source: China Intangible Cultural Heritage Protection Center