The customs of the Baiku Yao people: cutting cattle
According to the custom of the Baiku Yao, after the death of an elder, they will be buried in a fake burial or sealed in a mud coffin. After a period of time, they will be buried formally on an auspicious day, which is called "secondary burial". The Baiku Yao family will hold a grand memorial ceremony of beating bronze drums, singing ancient songs, and slaughtering cattle. On the day of slaughtering cattle, groups of Yao people dressed in bright clothes, carrying bronze drums, glutinous rice (glutinous rice and grass) and rice wine, rushed to the village of the deceased from all directions. A big monkey drum was placed on the open space in front of the deceased's house, and more than a dozen bronze drums were hung in series on the bronze drum stand on one side. All the glutinous rice brought by the guests were stacked on the beams of the bronze drum stand. The low and desolate sound of bronze drums enveloped the entire village. At the door of the deceased's house, Yao craftsmen were busy carving two column heads. These two column heads will be erected on both sides of the tomb. There are simple patterns carved on the column heads, and there is a ring in the middle. After the cattle are slaughtered, the horns will be inserted into this ring. A wooden bird is placed on the top of each column. The coffin is parked inside the house. The mourners file in, weeping and caressing the coffin one by one. They are sincere and sincere. After they finish weeping, they leave the house. The men have to drink a bowl of wine. In the living room of the deceased's family, dozens of bowls of food are placed in a row. The mourners take turns to enter the house, gather around the table, and eat a "flowing banquet". Those who have eaten or have not yet had their turn to eat gather in the open space in front of the house to listen to the elders sing "ancient songs". The ancient songs are about the history of the Yao people and the morality of life. At about 4 pm, the sound of the monkey drum stopped abruptly, and three bird gunshots suddenly sounded in the village, indicating that the "cow-cutting" is about to begin. There are two wooden stakes in the cattle-cutting field, each tied with a cow, and a green bamboo tied to the top of each wooden stake. These two bamboos will be planted in front of the grave of the deceased. It is said that only by sacrificing in this way can the deceased ascend to heaven together. The crowd of onlookers is like a block, and people are eagerly waiting. At this time, three gunmen come on stage and fire three more gunshots into the sky. The priest came on stage with a basket of rice, chanting in a long tone, throwing rice into the sky and saying, "Respected XX, take your cow away, and go to heaven with peace of mind." The priest left the stage, and three gunmen fired three more shots into the sky. At this time, the men and women of the bereaved family wore mourning clothes, bent over, and each held a bunch of fresh Phalaenopsis grass in their hands. They walked towards the sacrifice with sobs, touched it, bowed to it, and offered grass. The scene was very sad and moving, fully expressing the Yao people's deep affection for the cow. According to the Yaoshan custom, there are two people who chop the cow, one from the bereaved family and one from the outside family. The chopping knife must be sharpened for seven days until it can cut hair. The cow can only be chopped at the neck behind the horns, and it is forbidden to chop on the horns. The cow can only be chopped three, five, seven, or nine times. The specific number of cuts depends on the situation of the bereaved family, but it must be an odd number. After the "crying cow", the elder of the bereaved family leads the cow-chopping hand to the stage. The elder walks around the field with a sharp chopping knife in his hand, bows to thank the people who participate in the memorial service, bows to apologize to the victim, and then solemnly hands the knife to the cow-chopping hand. At this time, the cow has sensed that death is approaching quietly, and it is restlessly circling around the pillar and breathing heavily. The field is in turmoil, people roar loudly, throw clods of earth at the cow, and even go up to whip the cow with thorns, the purpose is to make the cow more terrified, jump around, make it difficult for the cow-chopping hand to cut or make mistakes, and make the cow-chopping hand laugh. Chopping cows is cruel. The crack on the cow's neck is more than a foot long, and the bloody mouth is wide open, and blood gushes out, shining a red light in the sunset. The bereaved family often has compassion at this time, and the second victim is killed by stabbing and bleeding. (No pictures yet, welcome to provide.) (No pictures yet, welcome to provide.)