Occurrence of Attributes in Original Text
The text related to the cultural heritage 'West Lake Cultural Landscape of Hangzhou' has mentioned 'Lake' in the following places:
| Occurrence Sentence | Text Source |
|---|---|
| For other uses, see West Lake (disambiguation). | WIKI |
| Lake in Hangzhou, China | WIKI |
| West Lake (Chinese: xe8xa5xbfxe6xb9x96; pinyin: Xxc4xab Hxc3xba; Wu: Si-wu) is a freshwater lake in Hangzhou, China. | WIKI |
| There are numerous temples, pagodas, gardens, and natural/artificial islands within the lake. | WIKI |
| Gushan (xe5xadxa4xe5xb1xb1) is the largest natural island and three artificial islands: Xiaoyingzhou (xe5xb0x8fxe7x80x9bxe6xb4xb2), Huixin Pavilion (xe6xb9x96xe5xbfx83xe4xbaxad), and Ruan Gongdun (xe9x98xaexe5x85xacxe5xa2xa9) stand at the middle of the lake. | WIKI |
| Leifeng Pagoda (xe9x9bxb7xe5xb3xb0xe5xa1x94) and Baochu Pagoda (xe4xbfx9dxe4xbfxb6xe5xa1x94) are separated by the lake. | WIKI |
| Other former names include the "Qian River", "Qiantang Lake", "Mingsheng Lake", "Jinniu Lake", "Shihan Lake", "Shang Lake", "Lianyan Lake", "Fangsheng Pond", "Xizi Lake", "Gaoshi Lake", "Xiling Lake", "Meiren Lake", "Xianzhe Lake", and "Mingyue Lake". | WIKI |
| One is "Qiantang Lake", due to the fact that Hangzhou was called "Qiantang" in ancient times. | WIKI |
| The other name is "West Lake", due to the lake being west of the city. | WIKI |
| Since the Northern Song dynasty, most poems and articles of scholars used the name "West Lake", while the name "Qiantang Lake" was gradually deprecated. | WIKI |
| Due to soil sedimentation, the feet of Wu Mountain and Baoshi Mountains, the surrounding mountains on the northern and southern sides of the lake, gradually stretched to form shoal heads. | WIKI |
| The western and southern parts of the lake all extended to the foot of West Hill. | WIKI |
| Due to the ongoing aggradation of the lake, together with the virtual lack of any hydraulic projects, in those days, the lake would flood after heavy rains and dry up during long droughts. | WIKI |
| He ordered six wells dug in populous areas like Qiantang Gate and Yongjin Gate, and set up a "shadow conduit" (underground clay and bamboo pipes) to introduce lake water into the city. | WIKI |
| He realized that the farmland nearby depended on the water of West Lake, but due to the negligence of previous governors, the old dyke had collapsed, and the lake so dried out that the local farmers were suffering from severe drought. | WIKI |
| Bai Juyi used his leisure time to enjoy the beauty of West Lake, visiting the lake almost every day. | WIKI |
| He ordered the construction of a causeway to allow crossing part of the lake on foot, instead of requiring the services of a boat. | WIKI |
| In the meantime, successive rulers in the Wuyue Kingdom paid great tribute to Buddhism, and built a number of temples, pagodas, shrines and grottos around the lake area. | WIKI |
| Thus in AD 927, the king of Wuyue, Qian Liu, installed a lake-dredging army of 1,000 to mow grasses and deepen springs, and preserved the water body of the lake. | WIKI |
| At that time, the farmers suffered greatly drought again, due to overgrowth of the weeds at the bottom of the lake clogging the irrigation ducts. | WIKI |
| He ordered dredging of the lake and piled up all the mud into another causeway, in the style of Bai Causeway, but much wider and nearly three times as long: he also planted willow trees along its banks. | WIKI |
| In the west there is a lovely lake with arresting scenes, and in the east the river tides are spectacular. | WIKI |
| In those days, boating on the lake was a popular entertainment. | WIKI |
| During the Zhiyuan era of the reign of Kublai Khan, the lake was dredged, and renamed "pond of freeing captive animals" (xe6x94xbexe7x94x9fxe6xb1xa0). | WIKI |
| Some of the lake area was gradually enriched and became cultivated zones. | WIKI |
| In the late Yuan dynasty, West Lake lacked governmental attention, and plutocrats and noblemen enclosed water zones, so that the lake deteriorated into a desolate state with most of its area silting up and turning into swampland. | WIKI |
| In the later Yuan Dynasty and beginning of the Ming Dynasty, people attributed the collapse of the Southern Song Dynasty to the West Lake, because the upper class and emperors indulge themselves into the melody and wine with the sceneries of the lake. | WIKI |
| In the 16th year of the Hongzhi era (one source suggests it was the 3rd year of the Zhengde era) the then governor Yang Mengying (xe6xa5x8axe5xadx9fxe7x91x9b), with the support of special envoy Ju Liang (xe8xbbx8axe7xb2xb1), obtained approval to dredge the lake, despite much resistance from local magnates. | WIKI |
| The excavated silt was used to broaden Su Causeway, and also used to build a long causeway in western Inside Lake, called "Yanggong Causeway" (xe6xa5x8axe5x85xacxe5xa0xa4). | WIKI |
| The silt dug up was heaped to form two islands in the lake, "Huxin Island" and "Xiao Ying Zhou". | WIKI |
| In 1607, the governor of Qiantang County, Nie Xintang (xe8x81xb6xe5xbfx83xe6xb9xaf), constructed a circular causeway from south to west outside the Fangsheng Pond of the island "Xiao Ying Zhou", which resulted in a unique view of "Island in Lake, Lake in Island". | WIKI |
| Thereafter those scenes such as "Two Peaks Piercing the Clouds" and "Moon over the Peaceful Lake in Autumn" acquired fixed locations for appreciation. | WIKI |
| Due to extensive dredging projects, the lake area spread beyond the west of now Xishan Road to the neighborhood of Hongchun Bridge, Maojia Bu, Turtle Pond, and Chishan Bu. | WIKI |
| In the fifth year of the Yongzheng era, the governor of Zhejiang and Right Vice Director of the Court of Censors, Li Wei, spent 42,742 silver taels to dredge the lake. | WIKI |
| He built stone weirs in Jinsha Harbor, Chishan Bu, Jingjia Hill and Maojia Bu in order to store water and to flush out the lake silt. | WIKI |
| Hurdles were put up 20 meters from the lake and flowers and trees were planted. | WIKI |
| In the spring of 1930, the city government paved a land of around 21 mu with mud dredged out of the lake from north of Changsheng Rd to Qiantang Gate, and founded Sixth Park. | WIKI |
| The city government preserved the mountain area around the lake and planted a large number of trees. | WIKI |
| Marshy weeds blanketed the lake bed so that large boat could only make their ways through specific channels. | WIKI |
| However, because of the erosion and sediment on lake bed afterward, the depth of the water lessened to 1.47 meters. | WIKI |
| The government thus invested two million yuan in 1976 to dredge the lake again. | WIKI |
| Besides dredging work, the city government substantially fortified the lake shore, resulting in a bank of total length of 29,800 meters. | WIKI |
| The project built a pump at Zhakou section of Qiantang River, and drew 300,000 cubic meters of water daily, equivalent to one thirty-third of total capacity of the lake. | WIKI |
| As a consequence, the lake's water body transparency was increased by 5 to 7xc2xa0cm. | WIKI |
| Over the centuries, the beauty and culture of West Lake has attracted numerous literati, who left behind works of literature and poetry to describe the lake. | WIKI |
| For example, Dream in West Lake and The Enchiridion of Lake and Mountain recorded a lot about West Lake and ancient Hangzhou historic anecdotes. | WIKI |
| From February to October 2002, Hangzhou government incorporated four large parks on the southern side of the lake, and these four parks have been free to public 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. | WIKI |
| Accumulated water forms the lake." | WIKI |
| In 1920, scientist Zhu Kezhen published "The Cause of Formation of West Lake in Hangzhou" (xe6x9dxadxe5xb7x9exe8xa5xbfxe6xb9x96xe7x94x9fxe6x88x90xe7x9ax84xe5x8ex9fxe5x9bxa0) after examining the topography around the lake. | WIKI |
| Zhu postulated, based on the calculation of the rate of sedimentation, that West Lake was formed about 12,000 years ago, when the lake would have been significantly larger than now; and, that the lake's water area had gradually shrunk, due to its being filled by sediments carried down from the creeks in the hills which surround it on three sides. | WIKI |
| While supporting Zhu's arguments, he supplemented that the formation of West Lake started with tidal force building the lake bank. | WIKI |
| These were two prerequisites to the formation of the lake. | WIKI |
| The outline of the lake body of the west lake is almost oval, the bottom of the lake is relatively flat. | WIKI |
| The natural surface water sources of the lake are Jinsha stream(xe9x87x91xe6xb2x99xe6xb6xa7), long hong stream(xe9xbex99xe6xb3x93xe6xb6xa7), Qishan stream (huiyin stream)(xe8xb5xa4xe5xb1xb1xe6xb6xa7xefxbcx88xe6x85xa7xe5x9bxa0xe6xb6xa7xefxbcx89) and changqiao stream(xe9x95xbfxe6xa1xa5xe6xbaxaa). | WIKI |
| The average depth of the lake is 2.27 meters, with the deepest being about 5 meters and the shallowest being less than 1 meter. | WIKI |
| The average annual precipitation on the lake is 5.629 million cubic meters. | WIKI |
| The water level of the lake is maintained at the yellow sea level of 7.15 meters, xc2xb10.05 meters. | WIKI |
| Peach Blossom: On the lake banks and Su and Bai Causeways a large number of willows and peach trees are planted. | WIKI |
| Nowadays, there are 14 lotus cultivation areas in the lake, totally 130 Chinese acres. | WIKI |
| Most are in "North Inside Lake" and "Yue Lake". | WIKI |
| Osmanthus trees have been massively planted in parks around the lake, and the best-known locations to appreciate are "Sweet Osmanthus Rain at Manjuelong Village", one of "New Ten Scenes of West Lake", and Hangzhou Botanical Garden. | WIKI |
| It has become a new scenic spot on the lake bank. | WIKI |
| Mallards, halcyons and koi carp are among the most frequently spotted animals in the lake. | WIKI |
| xe2x80x94Huang Zunxian (1848xe2x80x931905), excerpts from A Trip to Lake Abundant (translation by Jerry Dean Schmidt)[10] | WIKI |
| According to statistics from 1977, the lake had an annual fish yield of 1300xc2xa0kg/hectare, quite a bit more than for some larger lakes (that is, East Lake of Wuhan had a yield of only 450xc2xa0kg/ha). | WIKI |
| Jingci Temple Galloping Tiger Spring (xe8x99x8exe8xb7x91xe6xa2xa6xe6xb3x89), a spring famous for its mineral water Tomb of Su Xiao Xiao (xe8x8bx8fxe5xb0x8fxe5xb0x8fxe5xa2x93) The West Lake Museum (located on the lake shore) is dedicated to the cultural heritage of the West Lake. | WIKI |
| Dawn on the Su Causeway in Spring (xe8x98x87xe5xa0xa4xe6x98xa5xe6x9bx89) Curved Yard and Lotus Pool in Summer (xe6x9bxb2xe9x99xa2xe9xa2xa8xe8x8dxb7) Moon over the Peaceful Lake in Autumn (xe5xb9xb3xe6xb9x96xe7xa7x8bxe6x9cx88) Remnant Snow on the Bridge in Winter (xe6x96xb7xe6xa9x8bxe6xaex98xe9x9bxaa) Leifeng Pagoda in the Sunset (xe9x9bxb7xe5xb3xb0xe5xa4x95xe7x85xa7) Two Peaks Piercing the Clouds (xe9x9bx99xe5xb3xb0xe6x8fx92xe9x9bxb2) Orioles Singing in the Willows (xe6x9fxb3xe6xb5xaaxe8x81x9exe9xb6xaf) Fish Viewing at the Flower Pond (xe8x8axb1xe6xb8xafxe8xa7x80xe9xadx9a) Three Ponds Mirroring the Moon (xe4xb8x89xe6xbdxadxe5x8dxb0xe6x9cx88) Evening Bell Ringing at the Nanping Hill (xe5x8dx97xe5xb1x8fxe6x99x9axe9x90x98) | WIKI |
| The main artificial elements of the lake, two causeways and three islands, were created from repeated dredgings between the 9th and 12th centuries. | UNESCO |
| The property contains all the key attributes of Outstanding Universal Value in terms of the lake, the wooded hills surrounding it on three sides up to their skyline and the causeways, islands, bridges, temples, pagodas and ornamental planting that create the beautiful landscape within which are the ten, celebrated, poetic views. | UNESCO |
| The Lake itself and surrounding landscapes, along with scenic places, historic monuments and sites are well maintained. | UNESCO |
| There is an abundance of documents recording the development of the lake (although more for some elements than others) and these are well archived in official institutions. | UNESCO |
| The views to the east over Hangzhou have changed dramatically over the past fifty years and the lake is no longer closed on its fourth side by a low lying town that relates in scale to the overall landscape and is in itself beautiful (as Marco Polo described). | UNESCO |
| Hangzhou with its tall buildings dominates the view to the east and tends to dwarf the lake buildings. | UNESCO |
| It will be absolutely crucial that this skyline is maintained and that there is no encroachment of the city behind those hills that are visible from the lake. | UNESCO |
| It is crucial that these constraints ensure that there is no encroachment of the city behind the hills that are visible from the lake and that all relevant development is subject to Heritage Impact Assessments that consider impact on the attributes of Outstanding Universal Value. | UNESCO |