Occurrence of Attributes in Original Text
The text related to the cultural heritage 'Venice and its Lagoon' has mentioned 'City' in the following places:
| Occurrence Sentence | Text Source |
|---|---|
| City in northeastern Italy | WIKI |
| This article is about the city in Italy. | WIKI |
| Venice Veneziaxc2xa0xc2xa0(Italian)Venesiaxc2xa0xc2xa0(Venetian)ComuneComune di VeneziaA collage of Venice: at the top left is the Piazza San Marco, followed by a view of the city, then the Grand Canal and interior of La Fenice, as well as the island of San Giorgio Maggiore. | WIKI |
| Venice (/xcbx88vxc9x9bnxc9xaas/ VEH-niss; Italian: Venezia [vexcbx88nxc9x9bttsja] (listen); Venetian: Venesia or Venexia [vexcbx88nxc9x9bsja]) is a city in northeastern Italy and the capital of the Veneto region. | WIKI |
| Together with Padua and Treviso, the city is included in the Padua-Treviso-Venice Metropolitan Area (PATREVE), which is considered a statistical metropolitan area, with a total population of 2.6xc2xa0million. | WIKI |
| [7][8] The city was historically the capital of the Republic of Venice for over a millennium, from 697 to 1797. | WIKI |
| [9] This made Venice a wealthy city throughout most of its history. | WIKI |
| Venice has been known as "La Dominante", "La Serenissima", "Queen of the Adriatic", "City of Water", "City of Masks", "City of Bridges", "The Floating City", and "City of Canals". | WIKI |
| The lagoon and a part of the city are listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. | WIKI |
| Although the city is facing some challenges (including an excessive number of tourists and problems caused by pollution, tide peaks and cruise ships sailing too close to buildings),[12][13][14] Venice remains a very popular tourist destination, a major cultural centre, and has been ranked many times the most beautiful city in the world. | WIKI |
| [15][16] It has been described by the Times Online as one of Europe's most romantic cities[17] and by The New York Times as "undoubtedly the most beautiful city built by man". | WIKI |
| Charlemagne sought to subdue the city to his rule. | WIKI |
| In the aftermath, an agreement between Charlemagne and the Byzantine Emperor Nicephorus in 814 recognized Venice as Byzantine territory, and granted the city trading rights along the Adriatic coast. | WIKI |
| In 828 the new city's prestige increased with the acquisition, from Alexandria, of relics claimed to be of St Mark the Evangelist; these were placed in the new basilica. | WIKI |
| From the 9th to the 12th century, Venice developed into a city state (an Italian thalassocracy or repubblica marinara; there were three others: Genoa, Pisa, and Amalfi). | WIKI |
| [30] With the elimination of pirates along the Dalmatian coast, the city became a flourishing trade center between Western Europe and the rest of the worldxe2x80x94especially with the Byzantine Empire and Asia), where its navy protected sea routes against piracy. | WIKI |
| Later mainland possessions, which extended across Lake Garda as far west as the Adda River, were known as the Terraferma; they were acquired partly as a buffer against belligerent neighbours, partly to guarantee Alpine trade routes, and partly to ensure the supply of mainland wheat (on which the city depended). | WIKI |
| Although the Byzantines recovered control of the ravaged city a half-century later, the Byzantine Empire was terminally weakened, and existed as a ghost of its old self, until Sultan Mehmet The Conqueror took the city in 1453. | WIKI |
| By the late 13th century, Venice was the most prosperous city in all of Europe. | WIKI |
| The city was governed by the Great Council, which was made up of members of the noble families of Venice. | WIKI |
| Since this group was too large for efficient administration, a Council of Ten (also called the Ducal Council, or the Signoria), controlled much of the administration of the city. | WIKI |
| Church and various private property was tied to military service, although there was no knight tenure within the city itself. | WIKI |
| Therefore the city's early employment of large numbers of mercenaries for service elsewhere, and later its reliance on foreign mercenaries when the ruling class was preoccupied with commerce. | WIKI |
| During the 18th century, Venice became perhaps the most elegant and refined city in Europe, greatly influencing art, architecture, and literature. | WIKI |
| Napoleon was seen as something of a liberator by the city's Jewish population. | WIKI |
| He removed the gates of the Ghetto and ended the restrictions on when and where Jews could live and travel in the city. | WIKI |
| The Austrians took control of the city on 18 January 1798. | WIKI |
| During the Second World War, the historic city was largely free from attack, the only aggressive effort of note being Operation Bowler, a successful Royal Air Force precision strike on the German naval operations in the city in March 1945. | WIKI |
| The targets were destroyed with virtually no architectural damage inflicted on the city itself. | WIKI |
| Subsidence, the gradual lowering of the surface of Venice, has contributedxe2x80x94along with other factorsxe2x80x94to the seasonal Acqua alta ("high water") when much of the city's surface is occasionally covered at high tide. | WIKI |
| Between autumn and early spring, the city is often threatened by flood tides pushing in from the Adriatic. | WIKI |
| Six hundred years ago, Venetians protected themselves from land-based attacks by diverting all the major rivers flowing into the lagoon and thus preventing sediment from filling the area around the city. | WIKI |
| However, the city is still threatened by more frequent low-level floodsxe2x80x94the Acqua alta, that rise to a height of several centimetres over its quaysxe2x80x94regularly following certain tides. | WIKI |
| Studies indicate that the city continues sinking at a relatively slow rate of 1xe2x80x932xc2xa0mm per annum;[49][50] therefore, the state of alert has not been revoked. | WIKI |
| [55] More than 80% of the city was covered by water, which damaged cultural heritage sites, including more than 50 churches, leading to tourists cancelling their visits. | WIKI |
| The city's mayor, Luigi Brugnaro, blamed the floods on climate change. | WIKI |
| [60] One of the effects of climate change is sea level rise which causes an increase in frequency and magnitude of floodings in the city. | WIKI |
| At the same time, the city is sinking, the result of tectonic plates shifting below the Italian coast. | WIKI |
| The government of Italy committed to providing 20xc2xa0million euros in funding to help the city repair the most urgent aspects although Brugnaro's estimate of the total damage was "hundreds of millions"[65] to at least 1xc2xa0billion euros. | WIKI |
| On 3 October 2020, the MOSE was activated for the first time in response to a predicted high tide event, preventing some of the low-lying parts of the city (in particular the Piazza San Marco) from being flooded. | WIKI |
| The city was one of the largest in Europe in the High Middle Ages, with a population of 60,000 in AD 1000; 80,000 in 1200; and rising up to 110,000xe2x80x93180,000 in 1300. | WIKI |
| In the mid 1500s the city's population was 170,000, and by 1600 almost 200,000. | WIKI |
| [78] The population in the historic old city declined much faster: from about 120,000 in 1980 to about 60,000 in 2009,[79] and to below 55,000 in 2016. | WIKI |
| Venice is predominantly Roman Catholic (85.0% of the resident population in the area of the Patriarchate of Venice in 2018[82]), but because of the long-standing relationship with Constantinople, there is also a noticeable Orthodox presence; and as a result of immigration, there is now a large Muslim community (about 25,000 or 9.5% of city population in 2018[83]) and some Hindu, and Buddhist inhabitants. | WIKI |
| [85] Only around 30 Jews live in the former ghetto which houses the city's major Jewish institutions. | WIKI |
| The legislative body of the Comune is the City Council (Consiglio Comunale), which is composed of 36 councillors elected every five years with a proportional system, contextually to the mayoral elections. | WIKI |
| The executive body is the City Administration (Giunta Comunale), composed of 12 assessors nominated and presided over by a directly elected Mayor. | WIKI |
| The boroughs have the power to advise the Mayor with nonbinding opinions on a large spectrum of topics (environment, construction, public health, local markets) and exercise the functions delegated to them by the City Council; in addition, they are supplied with autonomous funding to finance local activities. | WIKI |
| Borough Population President Party Term Lagoon area 1 Venezia (Historic city)xe2x80x93Muranoxe2x80x93Burano 69,136 Marco Borghi PD 2020xe2x80x932025 2 Lidoxe2x80x93Pellestrina 21,664 Emilio Guberti Ind 2020xe2x80x932025 Mainland (terraferma)[a] 3 Favaro Veneto 23,615 Marco Bellato Ind 2020xe2x80x932025 4 Mestrexe2x80x93Carpenedo 88,592 Raffaele Pasqualetto LN 2020xe2x80x932025 5 Chirignagoxe2x80x93Zelarino 38,179 Francesco Tagliapietra Ind 2020xe2x80x932025 6 Marghera 28,466 Teodoro Marolo Ind 2020xe2x80x932025 | WIKI |
| Although there is little specific information about the earliest years, it is likely that an important source of the city's prosperity was the trade in slaves, captured in central Europe and sold to North Africa and the Levant. | WIKI |
| In the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, Venice was a major center for commerce and trade, as it controlled a vast sea-empire, and became an extremely wealthy European city and a leader in political and economic affairs. | WIKI |
| Bridge of Sighs, one of the most visited sites in the city | WIKI |
| The city is facing financial challenges. | WIKI |
| The declining native population affects the character of the city, as an October 2016 National Geographic article pointed out in its subtitle: "Residents are abandoning the city, which is in danger of becoming an overpriced theme park". | WIKI |
| [12] The city is also facing other challenges, including erosion, pollution, subsidence, an excessive number of tourists in peak periods, and problems caused by oversized cruise ships sailing close to the banks of the historical city. | WIKI |
| [99] The city hosts up to 60,000 tourists per day (2017 estimate). | WIKI |
| In the 19th century, Venice became a fashionable centre for the "rich and famous", who often stayed and dined at luxury establishments such as the Danieli Hotel and the Caffxc3xa8 Florian, and continued to be a fashionable city into the early 20th century. | WIKI |
| [99] In the 1980s, the Carnival of Venice was revived; and the city has become a major centre of international conferences and festivals, such as the prestigious Venice Biennale and the Venice Film Festival, which attract visitors from all over the world for their theatrical, cultural, cinematic, artistic, and musical productions. | WIKI |
| The city also relies heavily on the cruise business. | WIKI |
| [99] The Cruise Venice Committee has estimated that cruise ship passengers spend more than 150xc2xa0million euros (US$193xc2xa0million) annually in the city, according to a 2015 report. | WIKI |
| [106] Other reports, however, point out that such day-trippers spend relatively little in the few hours of their visits to the city. | WIKI |
| The need to protect the city's historic environment and fragile canals, in the face of a possible loss of jobs produced by cruise tourism, has seen the Italian Transport Ministry attempt to introduce a ban on large cruise ships visiting the city. | WIKI |
| Having failed in its 2013 bid to ban oversized cruise ships from the Giudecca Canal, the city switched to a new strategy in mid-2017, banning the creation of any additional hotels. | WIKI |
| [96] The city had already banned any additional fast food "take-away" outlets, to retain the historic character of the city, which was another reason for freezing the number of hotel rooms. | WIKI |
| The city also considered a ban on wheeled suitcases, but settled for banning hard plastic wheels for transporting cargo from May 2015. | WIKI |
| In addition to accelerating erosion of the ancient city's foundations and creating some pollution in the lagoon,[12][112] cruise ships dropping an excessive number of day trippers can make St. Marks Square and other popular attractions too crowded to walk through during the peak season. | WIKI |
| Some locals continued to aggressively lobby for new methods that would reduce the number of cruise ship passengers; their estimate indicated that there are up to 30,000 such sightseers per day at peak periods,[102] while others concentrate their effort on promoting a more responsible way of visiting the city. | WIKI |
| On 28 February 2019, the Venice City Council voted in favour of a new municipal regulation requiring day-trippers visiting the historic centre, and the islands in the lagoon, to pay a new access fee. | WIKI |
| The new tax would be between xe2x82xac3 and xe2x82xac10 per person, depending on the expected tourist flow into the old city. | WIKI |
| In 2014, the United Nations warned the city that it may be placed on UNESCO's List of World Heritage in Danger sites unless cruise ships are banned from the canals near the historic centre. | WIKI |
| The city's mayor urged authorities to accelerate the steps required for cruise ships to begin using the alternate Vittorio Emanuele canal. | WIKI |
| [130][131] As of Junexc2xa02019[update], the 2017 plan to establish an alternative route for large ships, preventing them from coming near the historic area of the city, has not yet been approved. | WIKI |
| Nonetheless, the Italian government released an announcement on 7 August 2019 that it would begin rerouting cruise ships larger than 1000 tonnes away from the historic city's Giudecca Canal. | WIKI |
| Beyond these rail and road terminals on the northern edge of the city, transportation within the city's historic centre remains, as it was in centuries past, entirely on water or on foot. | WIKI |
| Venice is Europe's largest urban car-free area and is unique in Europe in having remained a sizable functioning city in the 21st century entirely without motorcars or trucks. | WIKI |
| At the front of each gondola that works in the city, there is a large piece of metal called the fxc3xa8ro (iron). | WIKI |
| It consists of six bars pointing forward representing the sestieri of the city, and one that points backwards representing the Giudecca. | WIKI |
| The resulting canals encouraged the flourishing of a nautical culture which proved central to the economy of the city. | WIKI |
| Today those canals still provide the means for transport of goods and people within the city. | WIKI |
| The maze of canals threading through the city requires more than 400 bridges to permit the flow of foot traffic. | WIKI |
| In 2011, the city opened the Ponte della Costituzione, the fourth bridge across the Grand Canal, which connects the Piazzale Roma bus-terminal area with the Venezia Santa Lucia railway station. | WIKI |
| The main means of public transportation consists of motorised waterbuses (vaporetti) which ply regular routes along the Grand Canal and between the city's islands. | WIKI |
| The Venice People Mover is an elevated shuttle train public transit system connecting Tronchetto island with its car parking facility with Piazzale Roma where visitors arrive in the city by bus, taxi, or automobile. | WIKI |
| The Venezia Santa Lucia railway station is a few steps away from a vaporetti stop in the historic city next to the Piazzale Roma. | WIKI |
| Both stations are managed by Grandi Stazioni; they are linked by the Ponte della Libertxc3xa0 (Liberty Bridge) between the mainland and the city center. | WIKI |
| Venice Piazzale Roma by ATVO (provincial company) buses[144] and by ACTV (city company) buses (route 5 aerobus);[145] Venice, Lido, and Murano by Alilaguna (private company) motor boats; Mestre, the mainland, where Venice Mestre railway station is convenient for connections to Milan, Padova, Trieste, Verona and the rest of Italy, and for ACTV (routes 15 and 45)[145] and ATVO buses and other transport; Regional destinations, such as Treviso and Padua, by ATVO and Busitalia Sita Nord buses. | WIKI |
| The main football club in the city is Venezia F.C., founded in 1907, which currently plays in the Serie B. | WIKI |
| Luigi Brugnaro is both the president of the club and the mayor of the city. | WIKI |
| The city hosts the Ca' Foscari University of Venice, founded in 1868; the Universitxc3xa0 Iuav di Venezia, founded in 1926; the Venice International University, founded in 1995 and located on the island of San Servolo and the EIUC-European Inter-University Centre for Human Rights and Democratisation, located on the island of Lido di Venezia. | WIKI |
| Shakespeare set Othello and The Merchant of Venice in the city, as did Thomas Mann his novel, Death in Venice (1912). | WIKI |
| The city features prominently in Henry James's The Aspern Papers and The Wings of the Dove. | WIKI |
| Venice also inspired the poetry of Ezra Pound, who wrote his first literary work in the city. | WIKI |
| The city was the location of one of Italy's earliest printing presses called Aldine Press, established by Aldus Manutius in 1494. | WIKI |
| The city is a particularly popular setting for essays, novels, and other works of fictional or non-fictional literature. | WIKI |
| Jacqueline Carey's Kushiel's Chosen (2002), an historical fantasy or alternate history of Venicexe2x80x94complete with masquerades, canals, and a dogexe2x80x94taking place in a city known as La Serenissima. | WIKI |
| Venice is built on unstable mud-banks, and had a very crowded city centre by the Middle Ages. | WIKI |
| On the other hand, the city was largely safe from riot, civil feuds, and invasion much earlier than most European cities. | WIKI |
| These factors, with the canals and the great wealth of the city, made for unique building styles. | WIKI |
| [citation needed] Chief examples of the style are the Doge's Palace and the Ca' d'Oro in the city. | WIKI |
| The city also has several Renaissance and Baroque buildings, including the Ca' Pesaro and the Ca' Rezzonico. | WIKI |
| The Carnival of Venice is held annually in the city, It lasts for around two weeks and ends on Shrove Tuesday. | WIKI |
| La Fenice operahouse in the city. | WIKI |
| Summertime (1955), starring Katharine Hepburn Three James Bond films: From Russia with Love (1963), Moonraker (1979), and Casino Royale (2006) Luchino Visconti's Death in Venice (1971)[166] Nicolas Roeg's Don't Look Now (1973) Blume in Love (1973) Fellini's Casanova (1976) A Little Romance (1979) Dangerous Beauty (1988), the biography of Veronica Franco Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade (1989) The Comfort of Strangers (1990) Blame It on the Bellboy (1992) Woody Allen's Everyone Says I Love You (1996) The Wings of the Dove (1997) The Talented Mr. Ripley (1999) Lara Croft: Tomb Raider (2001) Pokxc3xa9mon Heroes (2002), is set inside a city based on Venice, although it is titled differently and features sights not present within its real-world equivalent. | WIKI |
| (The city is otherwise virtually identical to Venice.) | WIKI |
| The city has been the setting for music videos of such songs as Siouxsie and the Banshees' "Dear Prudence" in 1983 and Madonna's "Like a Virgin" in 1984. | WIKI |
| The city was referenced in Ricky Montgomery's 2016 song "My Heart Is Buried In Venice". | WIKI |
| The city is the setting for parts of such video games as Assassin's Creed II[167] and Tomb Raider II. | WIKI |
| [169] The city also serves as a setting for The House of the Dead 2. | WIKI |
| The city appears as the first main level in Sly 3: Honor Among Thieves. | WIKI |
| In April 2018 the multiplayer shooter video game Overwatch released the map Rialto, based on the city center. | WIKI |
| Venice, Los Angeles, home of Venice Beach Venice, Alberta, in Canada Venice, Florida, city in Sarasota County Venice, New York Venice, Louisiana | WIKI |
| Others closely associated with the city include: | WIKI |
| The whole city is an extraordinary architectural masterpiece in which even the smallest building contains works by some of the world's greatest artists such as Giorgione, Titian, Tintoretto, Veronese and others. | UNESCO |
| When a group of tiny islands were consolidated and organized in a unique urban system, nothing remained of the primitive topography but what became canals, such as the Giudecca Canal, St Mark's Canal and the Great Canal, and a network of small rii that are the veritable arteries of a city on water. | UNESCO |
| The city is built on 118 small islands and seems to float on the waters of the lagoon, composing an unforgettable landscape whose imponderable beauty inspired Canaletto, Guardi, Turner and many other painters. | UNESCO |
| The city is also directly and tangibly associated with the history of humankind. | UNESCO |
| The boundaries of the city and other lagoon settlements are well circumscribed and delimited by water. | UNESCO |
| The structure and urban morphological form of Venice has remained broadly similar to the one the city had in the Middle Ages and Renaissance. | UNESCO |
| The historic city has altered its urban functions due to the significant decline in population, the change of use of many buildings, the replacement of traditional productive activities and services with other activities. | UNESCO |
| The numerous monuments and monumental complexes in the city have retained their character and authenticity through the conservation of their constitutive elements and their architectural features. | UNESCO |