Occurrence of Attributes in Original Text
The text related to the cultural heritage 'Tikal National Park' has mentioned 'City' in the following places:
| Occurrence Sentence | Text Source |
|---|---|
| Tikal (/tixcbx88kxc9x91xcbx90l/) (Tikxe2x80x99al in modern Mayan orthography) is the ruin of an ancient city, which was likely to have been called Yax Mutal,[2] found in a rainforest in Guatemala. | WIKI |
| During this time, the city dominated much of the Maya region politically, economically, and militarily, while interacting with areas throughout Mesoamerica such as the great metropolis of Teotihuacan in the distant Valley of Mexico. | WIKI |
| [9] Hieroglyphic inscriptions at the ruins refer to the ancient city as Yax Mutal or Yax Mutul, meaning "First Mutal". | WIKI |
| [8] Tikal may have come to have been called this because Dos Pilas also came to use the same emblem glyph; the rulers of the city presumably wanted to distinguish themselves as the first city to bear the name. | WIKI |
| [8][13] The city was located 100 kilometers (62xc2xa0mi) southeast of its great Classic Period rival, Calakmul, and 85 kilometers (53xc2xa0mi) northwest of Calakmul's ally Caracol, now in Belize. | WIKI |
| The city has been completely mapped and covered an area greater than 16 square kilometers (6.2xc2xa0sqxc2xa0mi) that included about 3,000 structures. | WIKI |
| The city itself was located among abundant fertile upland soils, and may have dominated a natural eastxe2x80x93west trade route across the Yucatan Peninsula. | WIKI |
| However, the arrival of rain was often unpredictable, and long period of drought could occur before the crops ripen, which severely threatened the inhabitants of the city. | WIKI |
| Major construction at Tikal was already taking place in the Late Preclassic period, first appearing around 400xe2x80x93300 BC, including the building of major pyramids and platforms, although the city was still dwarfed by sites further north such as El Mirador and Nakbe. | WIKI |
| [28] At the end of the Late Preclassic, the Izapan style art and architecture from the Pacific Coast began to influence Tikal, as demonstrated by a broken sculpture from the acropolis and early murals at the city. | WIKI |
| In the Early Classic Tikal rapidly developed into the most dynamic city in the Maya region, stimulating the development of other nearby Maya cities. | WIKI |
| There appears to have been a breakdown in the male succession by AD 317, when Lady Unen Bahlam conducted a katun-ending ceremony, apparently as queen of the city. | WIKI |
| Around the 5th century an impressive system of fortifications consisting of ditches and earthworks was built along the northern periphery of Tikal's hinterland, joining up with the natural defenses provided by large areas of swampland lying to the east and west of the city. | WIKI |
| In the 5th century the power of the city reached as far south as Copxc3xa1n, whose founder K'inich Yax K'uk' Mo' was clearly connected with Tikal. | WIKI |
| The early 6th century saw another queen ruling the city, known only as the "Lady of Tikal", who was very likely a daughter of Chak Tok Ich'aak II. | WIKI |
| In the latter half of the 6th century AD, a serious crisis befell the city, with no new stelae being erected and with widespread deliberate mutilation of public sculpture. | WIKI |
| [59] It seems that Caracol was an ally of Calakmul in the wider conflict between that city and Tikal, with the defeat of Tikal having a lasting impact upon the city. | WIKI |
| He attacked Tikal in 657, forcing Nuun Ujol Chaak, then king of Tikal, to temporarily abandon the city. | WIKI |
| In the 8th century, the rulers of Tikal collected monuments from across the city and erected them in front of the North Acropolis. | WIKI |
| By the 9th century, the crisis of the Classic Maya collapse was sweeping across the region, with populations plummeting and city after city falling into silence. | WIKI |
| [74] Increasingly endemic warfare in the Maya region caused Tikal's supporting population to heavily concentrate close to the city itself, accelerating the use of intensive agriculture and the corresponding environmental decline. | WIKI |
| [75] Construction continued at the beginning of the century, with the erection of Temple 3, the last of the city's major pyramids, and the erection of monuments to mark the 19th K'atun in 810. | WIKI |
| [76] The beginning of the 10th Bak'tun in 830 passed uncelebrated, and marks the beginning of a 60-year hiatus, probably resulting from the collapse of central control in the city. | WIKI |
| [70] In 849, Jewel K'awiil is mentioned on a stela at Seibal as visiting that city as the Divine Lord of Tikal but he is not recorded elsewhere and Tikal's once-great power was little more than a memory. | WIKI |
| Recent analysis also indicates that the city's freshwater sources became highly contaminated with mercury, phosphate and cyanobacteria leading to the accumulation of toxins. | WIKI |
| [23] There is not much evidence from Tikal that the city was directly affected by the endemic warfare that afflicted parts of the Maya region during the Terminal Classic, although an influx of refugees from the Petexbatxc3xban region may have exacerbated problems resulting from the already stretched environmental resources. | WIKI |
| This was the last monument erected at Tikal before the city finally fell into silence. | WIKI |
| By the end of the 9th century the vast majority of Tikal's population had deserted the city, its royal palaces were occupied by squatters and simple thatched dwellings were being erected in the city's ceremonial plazas. | WIKI |
| Even these final inhabitants abandoned the city in the 10th or 11th centuries and the rainforest claimed the ruins for the next thousand years. | WIKI |
| The fall of Tikal was a blow to the heart of Classic Maya civilization, the city having been at the forefront of courtly life, art and architecture for over a thousand years, with an ancient ruling dynasty. | WIKI |
| [82][83] Works of Kohler and colleagues[84] showed that this city reached an unsustainable level of inequalities at the end. | WIKI |
| [19] Some second- or third-hand accounts of Tikal appeared in print starting in the 17th century, continuing through the writings of John Lloyd Stephens in the early 19th century (Stephens and his illustrator Frederick Catherwood heard rumors of a lost city, with white building tops towering above the jungle, during their 1839-40 travels in the region). | WIKI |
| In 1956 the Tikal project began to map the city on a scale not previously seen in the Maya area. | WIKI |
| [97] The architecture of the ancient city is built from limestone and includes the remains of temples that tower over 70 meters (230xc2xa0ft) high, large royal palaces, in addition to a number of smaller pyramids, palaces, residences, administrative buildings, platforms and inscribed stone monuments. | WIKI |
| By the Late Classic, a network of sacbeob (causeways) linked various parts of the city, running for several kilometers through its urban core. | WIKI |
| [109] During the Early Classic period (c. 250xe2x80x93600) the Mundo Perdido became one of the twin foci of the city, the other being the North Acropolis. | WIKI |
| It bears a sculpture of the king facing to the right, holding the head of an underworld jaguar god, one of the patron deities of the city. | WIKI |
| Many of the existing monuments preserve decorated surfaces, including stone carvings and mural paintings with hieroglyphic inscriptions, which illustrate the dynastic history of the city and its relationships with urban centres as far away as Teotihuacan and Calakmul in Mexico, Copan in Honduras or Caracol in Belize. | UNESCO |