Occurrence of Attributes in Original Text
The text related to the cultural heritage 'Temple of Preah Vihear' has mentioned 'Thailand' in the following places:
| Occurrence Sentence | Text Source |
|---|---|
| In 1962, following a lengthy dispute between Cambodia and Thailand over ownership, the International Court of Justice (ICJ) in The Hague ruled that the temple is in Cambodia. | WIKI |
| The temple gives its name to Cambodia's Preah Vihear province, in which it is now located, as well as the Khao Phra Wihan National Park which borders it in Thailand's Sisaket province, though it is no longer accessible from Thailand. | WIKI |
| Rough map of Cambodia and Thailand, showing the location of the temple being exactly at the border line of Thailand and Cambodia | WIKI |
| The temple was built at the top of Poy Tadi, a steep cliff in the Dxc3xa2ngrxc3xaak Mountain range which is the natural border between Cambodia and Thailand. | WIKI |
| The Temple was listed by Thailand as being in Bhumsrol village of Bueng Malu sub-district (now merged with Sao Thong Chai sub-district), in Kantharalak district of the Sisaket Province of eastern Thailand. | WIKI |
| In 1962 the ICJ ruled that only the temple building belonged to Cambodia, while the direct way to access the temple was from Thailand,[4] but currently, as of at least 2015, the only access is from inside Cambodia. | WIKI |
| In modern times, Prasat Preah Vihear was rediscovered by the outside world and became subject of an emotional dispute between Thailand and the newly independent Cambodia. | WIKI |
| In 1904, Siam and the French colonial authorities ruling Cambodia formed a joint commission to demarcate their mutual border to largely follow the watershed line of the Dxc3xa2ngrxc3xaak mountain range, which placed nearly all of Preah Vihear temple on Thailand's side. | WIKI |
| Arguing in The Hague for Cambodia was former U.S. Secretary of State Dean Acheson, while Thailand's legal team included a former British attorney general, Sir Frank Soskice. | WIKI |
| Thailand argued that the map was invalid and that it was not an official document of the border commission, and that it clearly violated the commission's working principle that the border would follow the watershed line, which would place most of the temple in Thailand. | WIKI |
| If Thailand had not protested the map earlier, the Thai side said, it was because Thai authorities had had actual possession of the temple for some period of time, due to the great difficulty of scaling the steep hillside from the Cambodian side, or simply had not understood that the map was wrong. | WIKI |
| On 15 June 1962, the court ruled 9 to 3 that the temple belonged to Cambodia and, by a vote of 7 to 5, that Thailand must return any antiquities such as sculptures that it had removed from the temple. | WIKI |
| Thailand had accepted and benefited from other parts of the border treaty, the court ruled. | WIKI |
| With these and other acts, it said, Thailand had accepted the map and therefore Cambodia was the owner of the temple. | WIKI |
| But in 1934-1935 a survey had established a divergence between the map line and the true line of the watershed, and other maps had been produced showing the Temple as being in Thailand. | WIKI |
| Thailand had nevertheless continued to also use and indeed to publish maps showing Preah Vihear as lying in Cambodia. | WIKI |
| Moreover, in the course of the negotiations for the 1925 and 1937 Franco-Siamese Treaties, which confirmed the existing frontiers, and in 1947 in Washington before the Franco-Siamese Conciliation Commission, Thailand was silent. | WIKI |
| The natural inference was that Thailand had accepted the frontier at Preah Vihear as it was drawn on the map, irrespective of its correspondence with the watershed line. | WIKI |
| Australian judge Sir Percy Spender wrote a scathing dissent for the minority on the court, however, pointing out that the French government had never mentioned Thai "acquiescence" or acceptance at any time, not even when Thailand stationed military observers at the temple in 1949. | WIKI |
| Thailand had modified its own maps, which in Spender's opinion was sufficient without having to protest to France. | WIKI |
| With profound respect for the Court, I am obliged to say that in my judgment, as a result of a misapplication of these concepts and an inadmissible extension of them, territory, the sovereignty in which, both by treaty and by the decision of the body appointed under treaty to determine the frontier line, is Thailand's, now becomes vested in Cambodia. | WIKI |
| Thailand reacted angrily. | WIKI |
| Mass demonstrations were staged in Thailand protesting the ruling. | WIKI |
| Thailand eventually backed down and agreed to turn the site over to Cambodia. | WIKI |
| He made a gesture of conciliation in the ceremony, announcing that all Thais would be able to visit the temple without visas, and that Thailand was free to keep any antiquities it may have taken away from the site. | WIKI |
| Large numbers of Cambodian refugees entered Thailand after the invasion. | WIKI |
| On 12 June 1979, the government of General Kriangsak Chomanan, who had come to power in Thailand by a military coup, informed foreign embassies in Bangkok that it was going to expel a large number of Cambodian refugees. | WIKI |
| For the next dozen years the UN and Western countries would pay for the upkeep of Cambodian refugees in Thailand, resettling thousands in other countries, and devising means by which Cambodians could return safely to their own country. | WIKI |
| On 8 July 2008, the World Heritage Committee decided to add Prasat Preah Vihear, along with 26 other sites, to the World Heritage Site list, despite several protests from Thailand, since the map implied Cambodian ownership of disputed land next to the temple. | WIKI |
| Thailand protested that it should be a joint-effort and UNESCO deferred debate at its 2007 meeting. | WIKI |
| Following this, both Cambodia and Thailand were in full agreement that Preah Vihear Temple had "Outstanding Universal Value" and should be inscribed on the World Heritage List as soon as possible. | WIKI |
| The two nations agreed that Cambodia should propose the site for formal inscription on the World Heritage List at the 32nd session of the World Heritage Committee in 2008 with the active support of Thailand. | WIKI |
| However, Thailand's political opposition launched an attack on this revised plan (see Modern History and Ownership Dispute), claiming the inclusion of Preah Vihear could nevertheless "consume" the overlapping disputed area near the temple. | WIKI |
| A luxury tour that takes travellers camping on temple sites, crossing the border into Thailand issues a warning to travellers on the possibility of a 're-routing'[16] of the itinerary. | WIKI |
| In 1994, Thailand held a World Heritage proposal conference in Srisaket in which local cultural traditions were considered along with monuments such as Preah Vihear that stimulate more nationalistic sentiments. | WIKI |
| "[19] A scholarly article concurs in concluding: "Since Thailand and Cambodia have brought only blood and bitterness to this place, it might be desirable to preserve it from both. | WIKI |
| "[20] Given the massing troops in 2008, perhaps such a transborder reserve would create not only a demilitarized buffer zone in which any future demarcation can be amicably undertaken, but a recognition of the added ecological and cultural aspects of an area which both Cambodia and Thailand may still save from the destructive and exploitative impacts of rapid development so often suffered in other ASEAN countries. | WIKI |
| The conflict between Cambodia and Thailand over land adjoining the site has led to periodic outbreaks of violence. | WIKI |
| However, Thailand has insisted that bilateral discussions could better solve the issue. | WIKI |
| As a consequence, Thailand withdrew from the event, with the Thai representative explaining, "We withdraw to say we do not accept any decision from this meeting. | WIKI |
| The court said this order would not prejudice any final ruling on where the border in the area between Thailand and Cambodia should fall. | WIKI |
| As of Januaryxc2xa02020[update], it is still not possible to access Preah Vihear from Thailand. | WIKI |