Occurrence of Attributes in Original Text
The text related to the cultural heritage 'Temple of Preah Vihear' has mentioned 'Temple' in the following places:
| Occurrence Sentence | Text Source |
|---|---|
| Khmer temple built by the Khmer Empire | WIKI |
| Preah Vihear Temple (Khmer: xe1x9ex94xe1x9fx92xe1x9ex9axe1x9exb6xe1x9ex9fxe1x9exb6xe1x9ex91xe1x9ex96xe1x9fx92xe1x9ex9axe1x9fx87xe1x9ex9cxe1x9exb7xe1x9exa0xe1x9exb6xe1x9ex9a Prasat Preah Vihear) is an ancient Khmer temple built during the period of the Khmer Empire, that is situated atop a 525-metre (1,722xc2xa0ft) cliff in the Dxc3xa2ngrxc3xaak Mountains, in the Preah Vihear province, Cambodia. | WIKI |
| In 1962, following a lengthy dispute between Cambodia and Thailand over ownership, the International Court of Justice (ICJ) in The Hague ruled that the temple is in Cambodia. | WIKI |
| The temple gives its name to Cambodia's Preah Vihear province, in which it is now located, as well as the Khao Phra Wihan National Park which borders it in Thailand's Sisaket province, though it is no longer accessible from Thailand. | WIKI |
| Rough map of Cambodia and Thailand, showing the location of the temple being exactly at the border line of Thailand and Cambodia | WIKI |
| The temple was built at the top of Poy Tadi, a steep cliff in the Dxc3xa2ngrxc3xaak Mountain range which is the natural border between Cambodia and Thailand. | WIKI |
| The Temple is currently listed by Cambodia as being in Svay Chrum Village, Kan Tout Commune, in Choam Khsant District of Preah Vihear Province of northern Cambodia. | WIKI |
| The temple is 140xc2xa0km from Angkor Wat and 418xc2xa0km from Phnom Penh. | WIKI |
| The Temple was listed by Thailand as being in Bhumsrol village of Bueng Malu sub-district (now merged with Sao Thong Chai sub-district), in Kantharalak district of the Sisaket Province of eastern Thailand. | WIKI |
| In 1962 the ICJ ruled that only the temple building belonged to Cambodia, while the direct way to access the temple was from Thailand,[4] but currently, as of at least 2015, the only access is from inside Cambodia. | WIKI |
| The temple complex runs 800xc2xa0m (2,600xc2xa0ft) along a northxe2x80x93south axis facing the plains to the north, from which it is now cut off by the international border. | WIKI |
| Although this structure is very different from the temple mountains found at Angkor, it serves the same purpose as a stylised representation of Mount Meru, the home of the gods. | WIKI |
| The gopuras also block a visitor's view of the next part of the temple until they pass through the gateway, making it impossible to see the complex as a whole from any one point. | WIKI |
| In Sanskrit, Prasat (xe0xa4xaaxe0xa5x8dxe0xa4xb0xe0xa4xb8xe0xa4xbexe0xa4xa6) (xe1x9ex94xe1x9fx92xe1x9ex9axe1x9exb6xe1x9ex9fxe1x9exb6xe1x9ex91) means "religious offering" which could even be taken as synonym of "temple" in this context, Preah (xe1x9ex96xe1x9fx92xe1x9ex9axe1x9fx87) mean "sacred" or "beloved", and "Vihear" (xe1x9ex9cxe1x9exb7xe1x9exa0xe1x9exb6xe1x9ex9a) from the Sanskrit word Vihara (xe0xa4xb5xe0xa4xbfxe0xa4xb9xe0xa4xbexe0xa4xb0) means "abode" or "shrine" (the central structure of the temple). | WIKI |
| Entrance to the temple structure | WIKI |
| Construction of the first temple on the site began in the early 9th century; both then and in the following centuries it was dedicated to the Hindu god Shiva in his manifestations as the mountain gods Sikharesvara and Bhadresvara. | WIKI |
| The earliest surviving parts of the temple, however, date from the Koh Ker period in the early 10th century, when the empire's capital was at the city of that name. | WIKI |
| Today, elements of the Banteay Srei style of the late 10th century can be seen, but most of the temple was constructed during the reigns of the Khmer kings Suryavarman I[5]:136[6]:96xe2x80x9397 (1006xe2x80x931050) and Suryavarman II (1113xe2x80x931150). | WIKI |
| An inscription found at the temple provides a detailed account of Suryavarman II studying sacred rituals, celebrating religious festivals and making gifts, including white parasols, golden bowls and elephants, to his spiritual advisor, the aged Brahmin Divakarapandita. | WIKI |
| The Brahmin himself took an interest in the temple, according to the inscription, donating to it a golden statue of a dancing Shiva known as Nataraja. | WIKI |
| The temple is located on a hill, oriented along a north-south axis. | WIKI |
| Drawing of temple structures | WIKI |
| In 1904, Siam and the French colonial authorities ruling Cambodia formed a joint commission to demarcate their mutual border to largely follow the watershed line of the Dxc3xa2ngrxc3xaak mountain range, which placed nearly all of Preah Vihear temple on Thailand's side. | WIKI |
| However, the resulting topographic map, which was sent to Siamese authorities and used in the 1962 (International Court of Justice (ICJ) ruling, showed the line deviating slightly from the watershed without explanation in the Preah Vihear area, placing all of the temple on the Cambodian side. | WIKI |
| Following the withdrawal of French troops from Cambodia in 1954, Thai forces occupied the temple to enforce their claim. | WIKI |
| Cambodia protested and in 1959 asked the ICJ to rule that the temple and the surrounding land lay in Cambodian territory. | WIKI |
| Cambodia contended the map showing the temple as being on Cambodian soil was the authoritative document. | WIKI |
| If Thailand had not protested the map earlier, the Thai side said, it was because Thai authorities had had actual possession of the temple for some period of time, due to the great difficulty of scaling the steep hillside from the Cambodian side, or simply had not understood that the map was wrong. | WIKI |
| Illustration of temple structures | WIKI |
| On 15 June 1962, the court ruled 9 to 3 that the temple belonged to Cambodia and, by a vote of 7 to 5, that Thailand must return any antiquities such as sculptures that it had removed from the temple. | WIKI |
| In its decision, the court noted that in over the five decades after the map was drawn, the Siamese/Thai authorities had not objected in various international forums to its depiction of the temple's location. | WIKI |
| With these and other acts, it said, Thailand had accepted the map and therefore Cambodia was the owner of the temple. | WIKI |
| But in 1934-1935 a survey had established a divergence between the map line and the true line of the watershed, and other maps had been produced showing the Temple as being in Thailand. | WIKI |
| On the contrary, France always insisted that their map was correct and the temple was located on their side of the natural watershed (which it clearly is not). | WIKI |
| The Court however has upheld a frontier line which is not the line of the watershed, one which in the critical area of the Temple is an entirely different one. | WIKI |
| Rather than lower the Thai national flag that had been flying at the temple, Thai soldiers dug up and removed the pole with it still flying. | WIKI |
| He made a gesture of conciliation in the ceremony, announcing that all Thais would be able to visit the temple without visas, and that Thailand was free to keep any antiquities it may have taken away from the site. | WIKI |
| Civil war began in Cambodia in 1970; the temple's location high atop a cliff served to make it readily defensible militarily. | WIKI |
| The Khmer Rouge made several unsuccessful attempts to capture the temple, then finally succeeded on 22 May 1975 by shelling the cliff, scaling it and routing the defenders, Thai officials reported at the time. | WIKI |
| In January, the Vietnamese reportedly attacked Khmer Rouge troops holed up in the temple, but there were no reports of damage to it. | WIKI |
| The temple opened briefly to the public in 1992, only to be re-occupied the following year by Khmer Rouge fighters. | WIKI |
| In December 1998, the temple was the scene of negotiations by which several hundred Khmer Rouge soldiers, said to be the guerrilla movement's last significant force, agreed to surrender to the Phnom Penh government. | WIKI |
| The temple opened again to visitors from the Thai side at the end of 1998; Cambodia completed the construction of a long-awaited access road up the cliff in 2003. | WIKI |
| An American Embassy official stood beneath a tree along a dirt road leading to the temple, counted the buses, and estimated that about 42,000 Cambodians were taken to Preah Vihear. | WIKI |
| On 8 July 2008, the World Heritage Committee decided to add Prasat Preah Vihear, along with 26 other sites, to the World Heritage Site list, despite several protests from Thailand, since the map implied Cambodian ownership of disputed land next to the temple. | WIKI |
| Following this, both Cambodia and Thailand were in full agreement that Preah Vihear Temple had "Outstanding Universal Value" and should be inscribed on the World Heritage List as soon as possible. | WIKI |
| This led to a redrawing of the map of the area for proposed inscription, leaving only the temple and its immediate environs. | WIKI |
| However, Thailand's political opposition launched an attack on this revised plan (see Modern History and Ownership Dispute), claiming the inclusion of Preah Vihear could nevertheless "consume" the overlapping disputed area near the temple. | WIKI |
| In response to the political pressure at home, the Thai government withdrew its formal support for the listing of Preah Vihear Temple as a World Heritage site. | WIKI |
| Cambodia continued with the application for World Heritage status and, despite official Thai protests, on 7 July 2008, Preah Vihear Temple was inscribed on the list of World Heritage sites. | WIKI |
| A luxury tour that takes travellers camping on temple sites, crossing the border into Thailand issues a warning to travellers on the possibility of a 're-routing'[16] of the itinerary. | WIKI |
| Temple structures in 2003 | WIKI |
| [21] In April 2009, 66 stones at the temple allegedly were damaged by Thai soldiers firing across the border. | WIKI |
| The Cambodian government has claimed that damage occurred to the temple. | WIKI |
| [29] On 6 February, the Cambodian government claimed that the temple had been damaged. | WIKI |
| Cambodia's military commander said: "A wing of our Preah Vihear temple has collapsed as a direct result of the Thai artillery bombardment". | WIKI |
| [30] However, Thai sources spoke only of minor damage, claiming that Cambodian soldiers had fired from within the temple. | WIKI |
| [28] A UNESCO World Heritage convention held in Paris in June 2011 determined to accept Cambodia's management proposal for the temple. | WIKI |
| [34] The ICJ ruled on 11 November 2013 that the land adjacent to the temple on the east and west (south being previously agreed as Cambodian, north as Thai) belongs to Cambodia and that any Thai security forces still in that area should leave. | WIKI |
| The mumbering of the various elements of Khmer temple, its enclosure, courtyards gopura etc., customarily starts from the central sanctuary and works outwards. | WIKI |
| At Preah Vihear temple, Davakara offered precious objects to Shikhareshvara, such as a statue, probably of gold, of the dancing Shiva. | WIKI |
| He added a gold dais inlaid with precious stones, covered the temple floor with bronze plaques and decorated the walls with plates of precious metal. | WIKI |
| He also distributed payments to all those who worked at the temple. | WIKI |
| Written in Sanskrit and Khmer probably between 1038 and 1049, it contains important history about Preah Vihear temple. | WIKI |
| Written in Sanskrit and Khmer during 1024, it narrates the story of Tapasvindra-pandita, head of a hermitage, who was asked to dispose of presentation in favour of Shikhareshvara, the main god of the temple. | WIKI |
| Inscribed in 1047 it refers to Suryavarman I who commissioned the inscription but contains little information that is important to Preah Vihear temple. | WIKI |
| The attributes of the property comprise the temple complex; the integrity of the property has to a degree been compromised by the absence of part of the promontory from the perimeter of the property. | UNESCO |
| The protective measures for the Temple, in terms of legal protection are adequate; the progress made in defining the parameters of the Management Plan needs to be consolidated into an approved, full Management Plan. | UNESCO |