Occurrence of Attributes in Original Text
The text related to the cultural heritage 'Sydney Opera House' has mentioned 'Construction' in the following places:
| Occurrence Sentence | Text Source |
|---|---|
| Sydney Opera HouseLocation in SydneyShow map of SydneyLocation in New South WalesShow map of New South WalesLocation in AustraliaShow map of AustraliaGeneral informationStatusCompleteTypePerforming arts centreArchitectural styleExpressionistLocationBennelong Point, SydneyCountryAustraliaCoordinates33xc2xb051xe2x80xb231xe2x80xb3S 151xc2xb012xe2x80xb251xe2x80xb3Exefxbbxbf / xefxbbxbf33.85861xc2xb0S 151.21417xc2xb0Exefxbbxbf / -33.85861; 151.21417Coordinates: 33xc2xb051xe2x80xb231xe2x80xb3S 151xc2xb012xe2x80xb251xe2x80xb3Exefxbbxbf / xefxbbxbf33.85861xc2xb0S 151.21417xc2xb0Exefxbbxbf / -33.85861; 151.21417Elevation4xc2xa0m (13xc2xa0ft)Current tenantsOpera AustraliaThe Australian BalletSydney Theatre CompanySydney Symphony Orchestra(+ others)Groundbreaking1xc2xa0March 1959; 62 years agoxc2xa0(1959-03-01)Construction started1xc2xa0March 1959; 62 years agoxc2xa0(1959-03-01)Completed1973; 48xc2xa0years agoxc2xa0(1973)Opened20xc2xa0October 1973; 47 years agoxc2xa0(1973-10-20)Inaugurated20xc2xa0October 1973; 47 years agoxc2xa0(1973-10-20)CostA$102 million, equivalent to A$962 million in 2018[1]ClientNSW governmentOwnerNSW GovernmentHeight65xc2xa0m (213xc2xa0ft)DimensionsOther dimensionslength 183xc2xa0m (600xc2xa0ft)width 120xc2xa0m (394xc2xa0ft)area 1.8xc2xa0ha (4.4 acres)Technical detailsStructural systemConcrete frame & precast concrete ribbed roofDesign and constructionArchitectJxc3xb8rn UtzonStructural engineerOve Arup & PartnersMain contractorCivil & Civic (level 1), M.R. | WIKI |
| The Government of New South Wales, led by the premier, Joseph Cahill, authorised work to begin in 1958 with Utzon directing construction. | WIKI |
| Contents 1 Description 1.1 Performance venues and facilities 1.2 Other facilities 2 History 2.1 Construction history 2.1.1 Origins 2.1.2 Design and construction 2.1.3 Stage I: Podium 2.1.3.1 Stage II: Roof 2.1.3.2 Stage III: Interiors 2.1.4 Significant changes to Utzon's design 2.1.5 Completion and cost 2.1.6 Strike and Workers' Control 2.2 Utzon and his resignation 2.3 Opening 3 Architectural design role of Peter Hall 4 Performance firsts 5 Reconciliation with Utzon; building refurbishment 6 Public and commemorative events 7 Advertising controversy 8 Notable performances 9 Awards 10 Cultural references 11 See also 12 References 12.1 Attribution 13 Bibliography 14 Archival holdings 15 External links | WIKI |
| Construction history[edit] | WIKI |
| Design and construction[edit] | WIKI |
| The Fort Macquarie Tram Depot, occupying the site at the time of these plans, was demolished in 1958 and construction began in March 1959. | WIKI |
| It was built in three stages: stage I (1959xe2x80x931963) consisted of building the upper podium; stage II (1963xe2x80x931967) the construction of the outer shells; stage III (1967xe2x80x931973) interior design and construction. | WIKI |
| Stage I commenced on 2 March 1959 with the construction firm Civil & Civic, monitored by the engineers Ove Arup and Partners. | WIKI |
| By 23 January 1961, work was running 47 weeks behind,[32] mainly because of unexpected difficulties (inclement weather, unexpected difficulty diverting stormwater, construction beginning before proper construction drawings had been prepared, changes of original contract documents). | WIKI |
| The formwork for using in-situ concrete would have been prohibitively expensive, and, because there was no repetition in any of the roof forms, the construction of precast concrete for each individual section would possibly have been even more expensive. | WIKI |
| The shells were constructed by Hornibrook Group Pty Ltd,[43] who were also responsible for construction in Stage III. | WIKI |
| Hornibrook manufactured the 2400 precast ribs and 4000 roof panels in an on-site factory and also developed the construction processes. | WIKI |
| [33] The achievement of this solution avoided the need for expensive formwork construction by allowing the use of precast units and it also allowed the roof tiles to be prefabricated in sheets on the ground, instead of being stuck on individually at height. | WIKI |
| Ove Arup and Partners' site engineer supervised the construction of the shells, which used an innovative adjustable steel-trussed "erection arch" (developed by Hornibrook's engineer Joe Bertony) to support the different roofs before completion. | WIKI |
| The second stage of construction was progressing toward completion when Utzon resigned. | WIKI |
| The layout of the interiors was changed, and the stage machinery, already designed and fitted inside the major hall, was pulled out and largely thrown away, as detailed in the 1968 BBC TV documentary Autopsy on a Dream, which "chronicles the full spectrum of controversy surrounding the construction of the Sydney Opera House". | WIKI |
| The construction of the glass walls (Utzon was planning to use a system of prefabricated plywood mullions, but a different system was designed to deal with the glass). | WIKI |
| In 1972, a construction worker was fired, leading the BLF affiliated workers to demand his rehiring and a 25% wage increase. | WIKI |
| In response to this, all the workers were fired, and in revenge the workers broke into the construction site with a crowbar and brought their own toolboxes. | WIKI |
| Workers' control was applied to the site for five weeks as the construction workers worked 35 hours a week with improved morale, more efficient organization and fewer people skipping work. | WIKI |
| They also did not fully appreciate the costs or work involved in design and construction. | WIKI |
| Tensions between the client and the design team grew further when an early start to construction was demanded despite an incomplete design. | WIKI |
| One of the first was that Utzon believed the clients should receive information on all aspects of the design and construction through his practice, while the clients wanted a system (notably drawn in sketch form by Davis Hughes) where architect, contractors, and engineers each reported to the client directly and separately. | WIKI |
| [53] In any case, Hughes shortly after withheld permission for the construction of plywood prototypes for the interiors,[citation needed] and the relationship between Utzon and the client never recovered. | WIKI |
| In March 1966, Hughes offered him a subordinate role as "design architect" under a panel of executive architects, without any supervisory powers over the House's construction, but Utzon rejected this. | WIKI |
| David Littlemore would manage construction supervision, Lionel Todd contract documentation, while the crucial role of design became the responsibility of Peter Hall. | WIKI |
| During the construction phase, lunchtime performances were often arranged for the workers, with American vocalist Paul Robeson the first artist to perform, in 1960. | WIKI |
| 1960 xe2x80x93 The first person to perform at the Sydney Opera House was Paul Robeson xe2x80x93 he sang "Ol' Man River" to the construction workers as they ate lunch. | WIKI |
| In Better Call Saul, the father of Werner Ziegler, a German engineer who helped build Gus Fring's drug laboratory, had reportedly worked on the construction of the Sydney Opera House. | WIKI |
| Its significance is based on its unparalleled design and construction; its exceptional engineering achievements and technological innovation and its position as a world-famous icon of architecture. | UNESCO |