Occurrence of Attributes in Original Text
The text related to the cultural heritage 'Robben Island' has mentioned 'Island' in the following places:
| Occurrence Sentence | Text Source |
|---|---|
| Island in Table Bay, Western Cape, South Africa | WIKI |
| Robben Island RobbeneilandRobben Island VillageRobben IslandShow map of Western CapeRobben IslandShow map of South AfricaCoordinates: 33xc2xb048xe2x80xb218xe2x80xb3S 18xc2xb022xe2x80xb212xe2x80xb3Exefxbbxbf / xefxbbxbf33.80500xc2xb0S 18.37000xc2xb0Exefxbbxbf / -33.80500; 18.37000Coordinates: 33xc2xb048xe2x80xb218xe2x80xb3S 18xc2xb022xe2x80xb212xe2x80xb3Exefxbbxbf / xefxbbxbf33.80500xc2xb0S 18.37000xc2xb0Exefxbbxbf / -33.80500; 18.37000CountrySouth AfricaProvinceWestern CapeMunicipalityCity of Cape TownArea[1]xc2xa0xe2x80xa2xc2xa0Total5.18xc2xa0km2 (2.00xc2xa0sqxc2xa0mi)Populationxc2xa0(2011)[1]xc2xa0xe2x80xa2xc2xa0Total116xc2xa0xe2x80xa2xc2xa0Density22/km2 (58/sqxc2xa0mi)Racial makeup (2011)[1]xc2xa0xe2x80xa2xc2xa0Black African60.3%xc2xa0xe2x80xa2xc2xa0Coloured23.3%xc2xa0xe2x80xa2xc2xa0White13.8%xc2xa0xe2x80xa2xc2xa0Other2.6%First languages (2011)[1]xc2xa0xe2x80xa2xc2xa0Xhosa37.9%xc2xa0xe2x80xa2xc2xa0Afrikaans35.3%xc2xa0xe2x80xa2xc2xa0Zulu15.5%xc2xa0xe2x80xa2xc2xa0English7.8%xc2xa0xe2x80xa2xc2xa0Other3.4%Time zoneUTC+2 (SAST)PO box7400 UNESCO World Heritage SiteTypeCulturalCriteriaiii, viDesignated1999 (23rd session)Referencexc2xa0no.916State PartySouth AfricaRegionAfrica | WIKI |
| Robben Island (Afrikaans: Robbeneiland) is an island in Table Bay, 6.9 kilometres (4.3xc2xa0mi) west of the coast of Bloubergstrand, north of Cape Town, South Africa. | WIKI |
| It takes its name from the Dutch word for seals (robben), hence the Dutch/Afrikaans name Robbeneiland, which translates to Seal(s) Island. | WIKI |
| Contents 1 History 2 Access to the island 3 Maritime hazard 3.1 Robben Island lighthouse 4 Wildlife and conservation 5 Gallery 6 See also 7 References 8 Further reading 9 External links | WIKI |
| Located at the entrance to Table Bay, 11xc2xa0km from Cape Town, this island, was discovered by Bartolomeu Dias in 1488 and, for many years, it was used by Portuguese navigators, later by English and Dutch as a refueling station. | WIKI |
| Its current name means xe2x80x9cseal islandxe2x80x9d, in Dutch. | WIKI |
| In 1806 the Scottish whaler John Murray opened a whaling station at a sheltered bay on the north-eastern shore of the island, which became known as Murray's Bay. | WIKI |
| After a failed uprising at Grahamstown in 1819, the fifth of the Xhosa Wars, the British colonial government sentenced African leader Makanda Nxele to life imprisonment on the island. | WIKI |
| The island was also used as a leper colony and animal quarantine station. | WIKI |
| Initially this was done on a voluntary basis and the lepers were free to leave the island if they so wished. | WIKI |
| During the Second World War, the island was fortified. | WIKI |
| Moturu, one of Cape Town's first imams, had been exiled in the mid-1740s to the island. | WIKI |
| Muslim political prisoners would pay homage at the shrine before leaving the island. | WIKI |
| In 1982, former inmate Indres Naidoo's book "Island in Chains" became the first published account of prison life on the island. | WIKI |
| With the end of apartheid, the island has become a popular tourist destination. | WIKI |
| In 1999 the island was declared a World Heritage Site for its importance to South Africa's political history and development of a democratic society. | WIKI |
| Every year thousands of visitors take the ferry from the Victoria & Alfred Waterfront in Cape Town for tours of the island and its former prison. | WIKI |
| All land on the island is owned by the nation of South Africa, with the exception of the island church. | WIKI |
| Access to the island[edit] | WIKI |
| Tours depart three times a day and take about 3.5 hours, consisting of a ferry trip to and from the island, and a tour of the various historical sites on the island that form part of the Robben Island Museum. | WIKI |
| These include the island graveyard, the disused lime quarry, Robert Sobukwe's house, the Bluestone quarry, the army and navy bunkers, and the maximum security prison. | WIKI |
| Dutch map of the island, from 1731 | WIKI |
| [19] A prevailing rough Atlantic swell surrounds the offshore reefs and the island's jagged coastline. | WIKI |
| A total of 31 vessels are known to have been wrecked around the island. | WIKI |
| After distress cannons were fired from the island, nearby vessels rushed to the rescue. | WIKI |
| Due to the maritime danger of Robben Island and its near waters, Jan van Riebeeck, the first Dutch colonial administrator in Cape Town in the 1650s, ordered that huge bonfires were to be lit at night on top of Fire Hill, the highest point on the island (now Minto Hill). | WIKI |
| These were to warn VOC ships that they were approaching the island. | WIKI |
| When the Dutch arrived in the area in 1652, the only large animals on the island were seals and birds, principally penguins. | WIKI |
| In 1654, the settlers released rabbits on the island to provide a ready source of meat for passing ships. | WIKI |
| The original colony of African penguins on the island was completely exterminated by 1800. | WIKI |
| But since 1983 a new colony has been established there, and the modern island is again an important breeding area for the species. | WIKI |
| Around 1958, Lieutenant Peter Klerck, a naval officer serving on the island, introduced various animals. | WIKI |
| The following extract of an article, written by his son Michael Klerck, who lived on the island from an early age, describes the local fauna:[26] | WIKI |
| They stocked the island with tortoise, duck, geese, buck (which included Springbok, Eland, Steenbok, Bontebok and Fallow Deer), Ostrich and a few Wildebeest which did not last long. | WIKI |
| He lived in our garden and grew big enough to climb over the wall and roam the island much like the sheep in Van Riebeeck's time. | WIKI |
| Recent reports in Cape Town newspapers show that a lack of upkeep, a lack of culling, and the proliferation of rabbits on the island has led to the total devastation of the wildlife; there remains today almost none of the animals my father brought over all those years ago; the rabbits themselves have laid the island waste, stripping it of almost all ground vegetation. | WIKI |
| Rock pile started by Nelson Mandela and added toxe2x80x94one rock at a timexe2x80x94by former prisoners returning to the island. | WIKI |
| This came to an end in the 1990s when the inhuman Apartheid regime was rejected by the South African people and the political prisoners who had been incarcerated on the Island received their freedom after many years. | UNESCO |
| The remains on the island as a landscape reflect the history of the island since the 17th century and all the attributes that convey its value. | UNESCO |
| Little route maintenance had been carried out since The Department of Correctional Services abandoned the island, and many structures require repair and maintenance. | UNESCO |
| With over 700 buildings and sites listed on the island database, those that are not occupied or used are vulnerable to decay. | UNESCO |
| A growth in visitor-numbers is also putting pressure on the islandxe2x80x99s natural and built resources. | UNESCO |
| Precisely because it has followed a historical trajectory that has involved several changes of use without conscious conservation efforts directed at preservation, the authenticity of the Island is total. | UNESCO |