Occurrence of Attributes in Original Text

The text related to the cultural heritage 'Plitvice Lakes National Park' has mentioned 'Water' in the following places:
Occurrence Sentence Text Source
The lakes are all interconnected and follow the water flow.
The particularly sensitive travertine barriers are the result of an interplay between water, air and plants.
The lakes collectively cover an area of about 0.77 square miles, the water exiting from the lowest lake forming the Korana River.
The colors change constantly depending on the quantity of minerals or organisms in the water and the angle of sunlight.
Nature formed shallow basins (Croatian plixc4x8dina or plitvak, plitko means shallow), which have been filled with water.
For centuries, water has changed the limestone and thus the landscape of this area.
The emerging travertine barriers decelerated and retained the flowing water.
The water masses of the Plitvice Lakes continue as Korana river in northern direction.
The overall water body area is about 2xc2xa0km2 (0.77xc2xa0sqxc2xa0mi).
The two largest lakes, Proxc5xa1xc4x87ansko jezero and Kozjak, cover about 80 percent of the overall water body area.
The availability of water, influenced by the configuration of the terrain, has a great impact on the biodiversity of this area.
The afforested mountain slopes serve as water reservoirs.
From this place onwards to the lakes, the water masses are referred to as Matica (English for water current, can also mean root or origin).
This river is fed by permanent springs; the water quantity, however, varies.
Temporarily, water from other, usually dead creeks reaches Proxc5xa1xc4x87ansko jezero from the west.
The water masses of the Plitvice Lakes and the river Plitvice form the Korana river.
In the future, the analysis of underground water courses could be an interesting field of research for speleologists.
At first sight, a lack of water in the karst region could be ascertained.
The major part of natural phenomena takes place underground, where an abundance of water exists.
Though fragile upon physical influence, dolomite rock has lower water permeability properties.
In contrast, limestone rock is more compact and massive, but has a higher water permeability.
At the Upper Lakes several little lakes have formed parallel to each other and a rather shallow water flow can be observed.
The water temperature at the springs is usually below 10xc2xa0xc2xb0C (50xc2xa0xc2xb0F).
Within the rivers and lakes, the water temperature rises up to 20xc2xa0xc2xb0C (68xc2xa0xc2xb0F).
The following example for different water temperatures measured on July 7, 1954 demonstrates large temperature differences within the lakes: Within lake Kozjak at the depth of 4 m a temperature of 18.9xc2xa0xc2xb0C (66xc2xa0xc2xb0F) has been measured.
The water masses reaching the lakes at the upper or lower part of the system are continuously changing the outlook of the lakes and the surrounding landscape.
Apart from weather and temperature factors, the water quality and other natural factors are significant for the creation of these natural phenomena, prevailing at the Plitvice Lakes.
By passing through the limestone underground the karst rivers dissolve chalk (calcite), which concentrates in the water.
The water becomes significantly mineralized, super-saturated with calcium and magnesium-hydrogencarbonate.
Limestone or dolomite (CaMg(CO3)2) mainly consists of calcite (CaCO3), which is not very soluble in water.
The quantity of calcium hydrogencarbonate (also called calcium bicarbonate) dissolved in water depends on the quantity of dissolved carbon dioxide in the water.
Generally, the following could be said: The colder the water, the higher the quantity of dissolved calcium hydrogencarbonate.
While passing the vegetation, barriers are being created by foaming water.
At Plitvice, this constant interplay between water, air, rock and vegetation can easily be observed.
The foaming water creates ever growing and impressive waterfalls.
The thresholds grown up above the water level, create cataracts.
Measurements of carbon dioxide quantities in the water show that they correspond with continuous sedimentation processes in the Plitvice Lakes area.
The quantity of carbon dioxide decreases along the water route.
The sedimentation of calcium carbonate from the water occurs only at certain temperature conditions (only above 14xc2xa0xc2xb0C), e.g.
when the water warms up or by evaporation or by another loss of carbon dioxide, additionally fostered by water plants and moss.
For the precipitation of carbonate chalk (calcium carbonate) the water needs to reach a certain mineral saturation level.
For the precipitation, the water saturation level needs to be higher than 3.
At the same time, the pH value of the water needs to be above 8,0 (slightly alkaline).
Fish in the crystal-clear water.
As the water flows in thin layers over thresholds, it is splashed up.
Since the water forms larger surfaces at these places, increased quantities of carbon dioxide (CO2) are released.
In the course of time, older barriers can be flooded by rising water levels since other barriers have outgrown the older ones.
In the lowest third of the lake, at the level of Matijaxc5xa1evixc4x87a draga, a crown of an underwater barrier that is 40 m high, is stretching 4 m below the water surface.
Mosses, algae and water plants play a major role in forming the unique landscape of the Plitvice Lakes and its tufa barriers.
Up until the 21st century, it was supposed that plants extract carbon dioxide from the water for photosynthesis purposes and that in return oxygen is released, thus resulting in the sedimentation of hydrogen carbonate (phytogenesis).
Recent scientific evidence indicates that vegetation is not primarily responsible for the extraction of carbonate from the flowing water.
For sedimentation to occur it is essential that the water be decelerated, aerated and sprayed.
Photosynthesis activities of algae and mosses in conjunction with the water, however, foster the crystallization of sediments due to the extraction of carbon dioxide.
If the water continues flowing, the cave becomes progressively bigger.
Even though the vegetation has beneficial effects for the formation of tufa, excessive concentrations of organic substances within the water impede its formation.
Along the course of Korana River from the Korana bridge, for example, travertine creation ends quite quickly, in spite of its supersaturation with calcium bicarbonate, as a result of the increased concentration of organic matter in the water.
Water purity is the decisive factor for tufa formation.
The water at the influx to the Plitvice Lakes is defined as pure from an analytical point of view.
The Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC) value of the water barely exceeds 2.5xc2xa0mg/L at the influx to the Upper Lakes (Matica).
During the 20th century, uncontrolled tourism and water pollution caused by waste water from hotels and agricultural activities in the surrounding area have led to damage.
This has led to increasing eutrophication of the lakes (increased concentrations of organic substances within the water).
Cellular rock Porous rock that has been exposed to external effects, for example rainwater (dolomite or limestone) Tufa Sedimentations of minerals from the water that typically consolidate on moss or on the underground of the lakes.
The national park has an area of 29,842 hectares, of which some 22,308 hectares are forests (74.75xc2xa0percent), 6,957 ha are meadows (23.31xc2xa0percent) in village areas and 217 ha (0.72xc2xa0percent) are water areas.
Due to high tourism and illegal construction around lakes, with faecal waste flowing down to surrounding woods and lakes without any treatment, the water in the lakes is polluted and no longer drinkable.
The Legend of the Black Queen, the legend on "proxc5xa1nja" (praying the black Queen for water) says that the inhabitants of this region were craving for water and thus called upon the magic queen to help them, which she did.
Veliko jezero Jovinovac veliki Large Lake Malo jezero Jovinovac maliVeliko jezerce Small Lake Vir Whirlpool The name originates from water whirling downward in the middle of the lake.
Kaluxc4x91erovac Kaluxc4x91erovo Jezero Monk Lake or Hermit Lake According to reports, a monk or hermit (Croatian kaluxc4x91er) used to live either in xc5xa0upljara Cave just next to the water or in Golubnjaxc4x8da Cave at the canyon edge.
Plitvice Lakes National Park area is mainly covered with very well preserved forests essential for the continuity of geochemical processes in water system (above and below ground), which include an area of 84 ha of old-growth forest of beech and fir.
The tufa barriers are the result of longstanding and ongoing interaction between water, air, sediments (geological foundation) and organisms.
The extension of the dynamic, constantly evolving lake system, the proportion of the tufa barriers, jointly with the numerous dynamic waterfalls and clear water courses and the expression of colours, make Plitvice Lakes National Park an aesthetically outstanding natural spectacle of global importance.
Under certain physico-chemical and biological conditions, the dissolved calcium carbonate is deposited on the bottoms and margins of the lakes, as well as on obstacles in the water courses.
Over time, this process leads to the formation of porous, simultaneously hard and fragile limestone barriers, which retain the water of creeks and rivers.
It becomes clear that the process and system requires a water quality that permits the presence of the often sensitive organisms.
The extensive tufa formations of the Plitvice Lakes National Park are a testimony of an exceptional interplay between sediments (geological foundation), water, air and living organisms.
Beyond the risk of direct physical damage to the highly sensitive system, tourism also bears indirect risks stemming from water contamination and excess nutrients through wastewater.
As high water quality of the entire freshwater system is a crucial foundation of fundamental processes that underlie the OUV of the property, physical and management planning, education of stakeholders and surveillance of the property are indispensable.
Permanent monitoring of the water quality and aquatic organisms.