Occurrence of Attributes in Original Text
The text related to the cultural heritage 'Persepolis' has mentioned 'Persepolis' in the following places:
| Occurrence Sentence | Text Source |
|---|---|
| For other uses, see Persepolis (disambiguation). | WIKI |
| Persepolisxf0x90x8exb1xf0x90x8exa0xf0x90x8exbcxf0x90x8exbf Pxc4x81rsa (Old Persian) xd8xaaxd8xaexd8xaa xd8xacxd9x85xd8xb4xdbx8cxd8xaf Takht-e Jamshxc4xabd (Persian)Ruins of the Gate of All Nations, Persepolis.Shown within IranLocationMarvdasht, Fars Province, Iran[1]Coordinates29xc2xb056xe2x80xb204xe2x80xb3N 52xc2xb053xe2x80xb229xe2x80xb3Exefxbbxbf / xefxbbxbf29.93444xc2xb0N 52.89139xc2xb0Exefxbbxbf / 29.93444; 52.89139Coordinates: 29xc2xb056xe2x80xb204xe2x80xb3N 52xc2xb053xe2x80xb229xe2x80xb3Exefxbbxbf / xefxbbxbf29.93444xc2xb0N 52.89139xc2xb0Exefxbbxbf / 29.93444; 52.89139TypeSettlementHistoryBuilderDarius the Great, Xerxes the Great and Artaxerxes IMaterialLimestone, mud-brick, cedar woodFounded6th century BCPeriodsAchaemenid EmpireCulturesPersianEvents Battle of the Persian Gates Macedonian sack of Persepolis Nowruz The 2,500 Year Celebration of the Persian Empire Site notesConditionin ruinsManagementCultural Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism Organization of IranPublicxc2xa0accessopenArchitectureArchitectural stylesAchaemenid UNESCO World Heritage SiteOfficial namePersepolisTypeCulturalCriteriai, iii, viDesignated1979 (3rd session)Referencexc2xa0no.114State PartyIranRegionAsia-Pacific | WIKI |
| Persepolis (/pxc9x99rxcbx88sxc9x9bpxc9x99lxc9xaas/; Old Persian: xf0x90x8exb1xf0x90x8exa0xf0x90x8exbcxf0x90x8exbf, Pxc4x81rsa; New Persian: xd8xaaxd8xaexd8xaa xd8xacxd9x85xd8xb4xdbx8cxd8xafxe2x80x8e, romanized:xc2xa0Takht-e Jamshxc4xabd, lit. | WIKI |
| Modern day Shiraz is situated 60 kilometres (37xc2xa0mi) southwest of the ruins of Persepolis. | WIKI |
| The earliest remains of Persepolis date back to 515 BC. | WIKI |
| UNESCO declared the ruins of Persepolis a World Heritage Site in 1979. | WIKI |
| The function of Persepolis remains quite unclear. | WIKI |
| It is also unclear what permanent structures there were outside the palace complex; it may be better to think of Persepolis as just that complex rather than a "city" in the normal sense. | WIKI |
| Contents 1 Name 2 Geography 3 History 3.1 Destruction 3.2 After the fall of the Achaemenid Empire 4 Archaeological research 4.1 Architecture 5 Ruins and remains 5.1 Gate of All Nations 5.2 The Apadana Palace 5.2.1 Apadana Palace coin hoard 5.3 The Throne Hall 5.4 Other palaces and structures 5.5 Tombs 5.6 Ancient texts 6 Modern events 6.1 2,500-year celebration of the Persian Empire 6.2 The controversy of the Sivand Dam 7 Museums (outside Iran) that display material from Persepolis 8 General views 9 See also 10 Notes 11 References 12 Further reading 13 External links | WIKI |
| Persepolis is derived from Ancient Greek: xcexa0xcexb5xcfx81xcfx83xcexadxcfx80xcexbfxcexbbxcexb9xcfx82, romanized:xc2xa0Persepolis, a compound of Pxc3xa9rsxc4x93s (xcexa0xcexadxcfx81xcfx83xcexb7xcfx82) and pxc3xb3lis (xcfx80xcfx8cxcexbbxcexb9xcfx82), meaning "the Persian city" or "the city of the Persians". | WIKI |
| As is typical of Achaemenid cities, Persepolis was built on a (partially) artificial platform. | WIKI |
| Persepolis is near the small river Pulvar, which flows into the Kur River. | WIKI |
| Play media Reconstruction of Persepolis, capital of the Persians | WIKI |
| Archaeological evidence shows that the earliest remains of Persepolis date back to 515 BC. | WIKI |
| Andrxc3xa9 Godard, the French archaeologist who excavated Persepolis in the early 1930s, believed that it was Cyrus the Great who chose the site of Persepolis, but that it was Darius I who built the terrace and the palaces. | WIKI |
| Persepolis probably became the capital of Persia proper during his reign. | WIKI |
| General view of the ruins of Persepolis | WIKI |
| Aerial architectural plan of Persepolis. | WIKI |
| Darius I's construction of Persepolis were carried out parallel to those of the Palace of Susa. | WIKI |
| [8] According to Gene R. Garthwaite, the Susa Palace served as Darius' model for Persepolis. | WIKI |
| Grey limestone was the main building material used at Persepolis. | WIKI |
| Diodorus Siculus writes that Persepolis had three walls with ramparts, which all had towers to provide a protected space for the defense personnel. | WIKI |
| After invading Achaemenid Persia in 330 BC, Alexander the Great sent the main force of his army to Persepolis by the Royal Road. | WIKI |
| Alexander and his staff were disturbed by the story and provided the artisans with clothing and provisions before continuing on to the Persepolis. | WIKI |
| Diodorus does not cite this as a reason for the destruction of Persepolis, but it is possible Alexander started to the see the city in a negative light after the encounter. | WIKI |
| Ariobarzanes himself was killed either during the battle or during the retreat to Persepolis. | WIKI |
| After several months, Alexander allowed his troops to loot Persepolis. | WIKI |
| "The Burning of Persepolis", led by Thaxc3xafs, 1890, by Georges-Antoine Rochegrosse | WIKI |
| Scholars agree that this event, described in historic sources, occurred at the ruins that have been now re-identified as Persepolis. | WIKI |
| The locality described by Diodorus Siculus after Cleitarchus corresponds in important particulars with the historic Persepolis, for example, in being supported by the mountain on the east. | WIKI |
| It is believed that the fire which destroyed Persepolis started from Hadish Palace, which was the living quarters of Xerxes I, and spread to the rest of the city. | WIKI |
| [14] If that is so, then the destruction of Persepolis could be both an accident and a case of revenge. | WIKI |
| The Book of Arda Wiraz, a Zoroastrian work composed in the 3rd or 4th century, describes Persepolis' archives as containing "all the Avesta and Zend, written upon prepared cow-skins, and with gold ink", which were destroyed. | WIKI |
| He adds: "[Alexander] burned the whole of Persepolis as revenge to the Persians, because it seems the Persian King Xerxes had burnt the Greek City of Athens around 150 years ago. | WIKI |
| [17] According to archaeological evidence, the partial burning of Persepolis did not affect what are now referred to as the Persepolis Fortification Archive tablets, but rather may have caused the eventual collapse of the upper part of the northern fortification wall that preserved the tablets until their recovery by the Oriental Institute's archaeologists. | WIKI |
| A general view of Persepolis. | WIKI |
| Ruins of the Western side of the compound at Persepolis. | WIKI |
| In 316 BC, Persepolis was still the capital of Persia as a province of the great Macedonian Empire (see Diod. | WIKI |
| About 200 BC, the city of Estakhr, five kilometers north of Persepolis, was the seat of the local governors. | WIKI |
| The Romans knew as little about Estakhr as the Greeks had known about Persepolis, despite the fact that the Sasanians maintained relations for four hundred years, friendly or hostile, with the empire. | WIKI |
| Odoric of Pordenone may have passed through Persepolis on his way to China in 1320, although he mentioned only a great, ruined city called "Comerum". | WIKI |
| [20] In 1474, Giosafat Barbaro visited the ruins of Persepolis, which he incorrectly thought were of Jewish origin. | WIKI |
| [21] Hakluyt's Voyages included a general account of the ruins of Persepolis attributed to an English merchant who visited Iran in 1568. | WIKI |
| His report on the ruins of Persepolis was published as part of his Relaxc3xa7am in 1611. | WIKI |
| In 1618, Garcxc3xada de Silva Figueroa, King Philip III of Spain's ambassador to the court of Abbas I, the Safavid monarch, was the first Western traveler to link the site known in Iran as "Chehel Minar" as the site known from Classical authors as Persepolis. | WIKI |
| Pietro Della Valle visited Persepolis in 1621, and noticed that only 25 of the 72 original columns were still standing, due to either vandalism or natural processes. | WIKI |
| [26] The Dutch traveler Cornelis de Bruijn visited Persepolis in 1704. | WIKI |
| Sketch of Persepolis from 1704by Cornelis de Bruijn. | WIKI |
| Drawing of Persepolis in 1713by Gxc3xa9rard Jean-Baptiste. | WIKI |
| The French voyagers Eugxc3xa8ne Flandin and Pascal Coste are among the first to provide not only a literary review of the structure of Persepolis, but also to create some of the best and earliest visual depictions of its structure. | WIKI |
| Eugene Flanin peintre et Pascal Coste architecte, the authors provided some 350 ground breaking illustrations of Persepolis. | WIKI |
| The first scientific excavations at Persepolis were carried out by Ernst Herzfeld and Erich Schmidt representing the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago. | WIKI |
| Achaemenid frieze designs at Persepolis. | WIKI |
| Herzfeld believed that the reasons behind the construction of Persepolis were the need for a majestic atmosphere, a symbol for the empire, and to celebrate special events, especially the Nowruz. | WIKI |
| [5] For historical reasons, Persepolis was built where the Achaemenid dynasty was founded, although it was not the center of the empire at that time. | WIKI |
| Excavations of plaque fragments hint at a scene with a contest between Herakles and Apollo, dubbed A Greek painting at Persepolis. | WIKI |
| The buildings at Persepolis include three general groupings: military quarters, the treasury, and the reception halls and occasional houses for the King. | WIKI |
| Reliefs of lotus flowers are frequently used on the walls and monuments at Persepolis. | WIKI |
| So far, more than 30,000 inscriptions have been found from the exploration of Persepolis, which are small and concise in terms of size and text, but they are the most valuable documents of the Achaemenid period. | WIKI |
| Based on these inscriptions that are currently held in the United States most of the time indicate that during the time of Persepolis, wage earners were paid. | WIKI |
| Since the time of Pietro Della Valle, it has been beyond dispute that these ruins represent the Persepolis captured and partly destroyed by Alexander the Great. | WIKI |
| Behind the compound at Persepolis, there are three sepulchers hewn out of the rock in the hillside. | WIKI |
| A bas-relief at Persepolis, representing a symbol in Zoroastrianism for Nowruz. | WIKI |
| Achaemenid plaque from Persepolis, kept at the National Museum, Tehran. | WIKI |
| Relief of a Median man at Persepolis. | WIKI |
| Objects from Persepolis kept at the National Museum, Tehran. | WIKI |
| Ruins of the Gate of All Nations, Persepolis. | WIKI |
| The Great Double Staircase at Persepolis. | WIKI |
| Darius I built the greatest palace at Persepolis on the western side of platform. | WIKI |
| Ruins of the Apadana, Persepolis. | WIKI |
| Depiction of united Medes and Persians at the Apadana, Persepolis. | WIKI |
| Depiction of trees and lotus flowers at the Apadana, Persepolis. | WIKI |
| The Apadana hoard is a hoard of coins that were discovered under the stone boxes containing the foundation tablets of the Apadana Palace in Persepolis. | WIKI |
| The Council Hall, the Tryplion Hall, the Palaces of D, G, H, storerooms, stables and quarters, the unfinished gateway and a few miscellaneous structures at Persepolis are located near the south-east corner of the terrace, at the foot of the mountain. | WIKI |
| Ruins of the Tachara, Persepolis. | WIKI |
| Huma bird capital at Persepolis. | WIKI |
| Bull capital at Persepolis. | WIKI |
| Ruins of the Hall of the Hundred Columns, Persepolis. | WIKI |
| Tomb of Artaxerxes II, Persepolis. | WIKI |
| The two completed graves behind the compound at Persepolis would then belong to Artaxerxes II and Artaxerxes III. | WIKI |
| Since Alexander the Great is said to have buried Darius III at Persepolis, then it is likely the unfinished tomb is his. | WIKI |
| Another small group of ruins in the same style is found at the village of Haji Abad, on the Pulvar River, a good hour's walk above Persepolis. | WIKI |
| 17.70.1xe2x80x9373.2) 17.70 (1) Persepolis was the capital of the Persian kingdom. | WIKI |
| Cleitarchus speaks of her as having been the cause for the burning of the palace at Persepolis. | WIKI |
| Stolze accordingly started the theory that the royal castle of Persepolis stood close by Naqsh-e Rustam, and has sunk in course of time to shapeless heaps of earth, under which the remains may be concealed. | WIKI |
| In 1971, Persepolis was the main staging ground for the 2,500 Year Celebration of the Persian Empire under the reign of Mohammad Reza Shah and Pahlavi dynasty. | WIKI |
| Despite 10 years of planning, Iran's Cultural Heritage Organization was not aware of the broad areas of flooding during much of this time,[48] and there is growing concern about the effects the dam will have on the surrounding areas of Persepolis. | WIKI |
| worry that the dam's placement between the ruins of Pasargadae and Persepolis will flood both. | WIKI |
| Museums (outside Iran) that display material from Persepolis[edit] | WIKI |
| One bas-relief from Persepolis is in the Fitzwilliam Museum in Cambridge, England. | WIKI |
| [50] The Persepolis bull at the Oriental Institute is one of the university's most prized treasures, part of the division of finds from the excavations of the 1930s. | WIKI |
| New York City's Metropolitan Museum and Detroit Institute of Art houses objects from Persepolis,[51] as does the Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology of the University of Pennsylvania. | WIKI |
| [52] The Museum of Fine Arts of Lyon[53] and the Louvre of Paris hold objects from Persepolis as well. | WIKI |
| Achaemenid objects at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, including a bas relief from Persepolis. | WIKI |
| A general view of the ruins at Persepolis. | WIKI |
| A general view of the ruins at Persepolis. | WIKI |
| A general view of the ruins at Persepolis. | WIKI |
| A general view of the ruins at Persepolis. | WIKI |
| Persepolis, whose magnificent ruins rest at the foot of Kuh-e Rahmat (Mountain of Mercy) in south-western Iran, is among the worldxe2x80x99s greatest archaeological sites. | UNESCO |
| Renowned as the gem of Achaemenid (Persian) ensembles in the fields of architecture, urban planning, construction technology, and art, the royal city of Persepolis ranks among the archaeological sites which have no equivalent and which bear unique witness to a most ancient civilization. | UNESCO |
| Persepolis was the seat of government of the Achaemenid Empire, though it was designed primarily to be a showplace and spectacular centre for the receptions and festivals of the kings and their empire. | UNESCO |
| The terrace of Persepolis continues to be, as its founder Darius would have wished, the image of the Achaemenid monarchy itself, the summit where likenesses of the king reappear unceasingly, here as the conqueror of a monster, there carried on his throne by the downtrodden enemy, and where lengthy cohorts of sculpted warriors and guards, dignitaries, and tribute bearers parade endlessly. | UNESCO |
| Criterion (i):xc2xa0The terrace of Persepolis, with its double flight of access stairs, its walls covered by sculpted friezes at various levels, contingent Assyrianesque propylaea, the gigantic winged bulls, and the remains of large halls, is a grandiose architectural creation. | UNESCO |
| Criterion (vi):xc2xa0The terrace of Persepolis continues to be, as its founder Darius would have wished, the image of the Achaemenid monarchy itself, the summit where likenesses of the king reappear unceasingly, here as the conqueror of a monster, there carried on his throne by the downtrodden enemy, and where lengthy cohorts of sculpted warriors and guards, dignitaries, and tribute bearers parade endlessly. | UNESCO |
| The archaeological ruins at Persepolis are authentic in terms of their locations and setting, materials and substance, and forms and design. | UNESCO |
| The present location of the Persepolis terrace and its related buildings has not changed over the course of time. | UNESCO |
| No changes have been made to the general plan of Persepolis. | UNESCO |
| Moreover, there are no modern reconstructions at Persepolis; the remains of all the monuments are authentic. | UNESCO |
| The Persepolis Ensemble was registered in the national list of Iranian monuments as item no. | UNESCO |
| Persepolis Research Base, a management and conservation office established in Persepolis in 2001, is responsible for the investigation, conservation, restoration, reorganization, and presentation of the property. | UNESCO |
| Financial resources for Persepolis are provided through national and provincial budgets, and site admission fees. | UNESCO |