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The text related to the cultural heritage 'Padua’s fourteenth-century fresco cycles' has mentioned 'Frescoes' in the following places:
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Fresco (plural frescos or frescoes) is a technique of mural painting executed upon freshly laid ("wet") lime plaster.
Contents 1 Technology 2 Other types of wall painting 3 History 3.1 Egypt and Ancient Near East 3.2 Aegean civilizations 3.3 Classical antiquity 3.4 India 3.5 Sri Lanka 3.6 Middle Ages 3.7 Early modern Europe 3.8 Mexican muralism 3.9 Contemporary 4 Selected examples of frescoes 5 Conservation of frescoes 6 Gallery 7 See also 8 References 9 External links
Buon frescoes are difficult to create because of the deadline associated with the drying plaster.
A technique used in the popular frescoes of Michelangelo and Raphael was to scrape indentations into certain areas of the plaster while still wet to increase the illusion of depth and to accent certain areas over others.
Michelangelo used this technique as part of his trademark 'outlining' of his central figures within his frescoes.
After five centuries, the giornate, which were originally nearly invisible, have sometimes become visible, and in many large-scale frescoes, these divisions may be seen from the ground.
The settlement of Akrotiri was buried in volcanic ash (dated by radiocarbon dating to c. 1627 BC) by the Minoan eruption on the island, which preserved many Minoan frescoes like this
[6][7][8][9][10] Ancient Egyptians painted many tombs and houses, but those wall paintings are not frescoes.
The oldest frescoes done in the Buon Fresco method date from the first half of the second millennium BCE during the Bronze Age and are to be found among Aegean civilizations, more precisely the Minoan civilization from the island of Crete and other islands of the Aegean Sea.
The oldest surviving Minoan frescoes are found on the island of Santorini (classically known as Thera), dated to the Neo-Palatial period (c. 1640xe2x80x931600 BC).
While some similar frescoes have been found in other locations around the Mediterranean basin, particularly in Egypt and Morocco, their origins are subject to speculation.
Frescoes were also painted in ancient Greece, but few of these works have survived.
In southern Italy, at Paestum, which was a Greek colony of the Magna Graecia, a tomb containing frescoes dating back to 470 BC, the so-called Tomb of the Diver was discovered in June 1968.
These frescoes depict scenes of the life and society of ancient Greece, and constitute valuable historical testimonials.
Etruscan frescoes, dating from the 4th century BCE, have been found in the Tomb of Orcus near Veii, Italy.
Thracian Tomb of Kazanlak frescoes, 4th century BC
The richly decorated Thracian frescoes of the Tomb of Kazanlak are dating back to 4th century BC, making it a UNESCO protected World Heritage Site.
Late Roman Empire (Christian) 1st-2nd-century frescoes were found in catacombs beneath Rome, and Byzantine Icons were also found in Cyprus, Crete, Ephesus, Cappadocia, and Antioch.
Roman frescoes were done by the artist painting the artwork on the still damp plaster of the wall, so that the painting is part of the wall, actually colored plaster.
Also a historical collection of Ancient Christian frescoes can be found in the Churches of Goreme Turkey.
Thanks to large number of ancient rock-cut cave temples, valuable ancient and early medieval frescoes have been preserved in more than 20 locations of India.
[12] The frescoes on the ceilings and walls of the Ajanta Caves were painted between c. 200 BC and 600 and are the oldest known frescoes in India.
Other locations with valuable preserved ancient and early medieval frescoes include Bagh Caves, Ellora Caves, Sittanavasal, Armamalai Cave, Badami Cave Temples and other locations.
Frescoes have been made in several techniques, including tempera technique.
The frescoes in Dogra/ Pahari style paintings exist in their unique form at Sheesh Mahal of Ramnagar (105xc2xa0km from Jammu and 35xc2xa0km west of Udhampur).
The Sigiriya Frescoes are found in Sigiriya in Sri Lanka.
Ancient references, however, refer to the existence of as many as five hundred of these frescoes.
Interior view with the frescoes dating back to 1259, Boyana Church in Sofia, UNESCO World Heritage List landmark.
Andrea Palladio, the famous Italian architect of the 16th century, built many mansions with plain exteriors and stunning interiors filled with frescoes.
There have been comparatively few frescoes created since the 1960s but a new generation of wall painters are reviving and reinvigorating the tradition.
[23] Italian modern-classical artist Roberto Ruspoli has painted several figurative frescoes, notably in the Paris restaurant Drouant in 2019,[24] and a ceiling for architect Fabrizio Casiraghixe2x80x99s apartment.
Selected examples of frescoes[edit]
Conservation of frescoes[edit]
The climate and environment of Venice has proved to be a problem for frescoes and other works of art in the city for centuries.
As the lagoon water rises and seeps into the foundation of a building, the water is absorbed and rises up through the walls often causing damage to frescoes.
Venetians have become quite adept in the conservation methods of frescoes.
The mold aspergillus versicolor can grow after flooding, to consume nutrients from frescoes.
The following is the process that was used when rescuing frescoes in La Fenice, a Venetian opera house, but the same process can be used for similarly damaged frescoes.
Brihadisvara Temple c. 1100 The 18th-century BC fresco of the Investiture of Zimrilim discovered at the Royal Palace of ancient Mari in Syria The Chapel of the Holy Cross in Wawel Cathedral in Krakxc3xb3w is decorated with Byzantine Frescoes.
Fresco by Dionisius representing Saint Nicholas in a Ferapontov Monastery Dante in Domenico di Michelino's Divine Comedy in Duomo of Florence Frescoes from the Byzantine and two distinct Bulgarian Periods under the Dome of the Church of St. George, Sofia