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The text related to the cultural heritage 'Old Town of Lijiang' has mentioned 'Town' in the following places:
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Old Town of LijiangUNESCO World Heritage SiteLocationLijiang, Yunnan, ChinaCriteriaCultural:xc2xa0(ii), (iv), (v)Reference811bisInscription1997 (21st session)Extensions2012Area145.6xc2xa0ha (360 acres)Bufferxc2xa0zone582.3xc2xa0ha (1,439 acres)Coordinates26xc2xb052xe2x80xb2N 100xc2xb014xe2x80xb2Exefxbbxbf / xefxbbxbf26.867xc2xb0N 100.233xc2xb0Exefxbbxbf / 26.867; 100.233Coordinates: 26xc2xb052xe2x80xb2N 100xc2xb014xe2x80xb2Exefxbbxbf / xefxbbxbf26.867xc2xb0N 100.233xc2xb0Exefxbbxbf / 26.867; 100.233Location of Old Town of Lijiang in YunnanShow map of YunnanOld Town of Lijiang (China)Show map of China
Dayan (Chinese: xe5xa4xa7xe7xa0x94), commonly called the Old Town of Lijiang (simplified Chinese: xe4xb8xbdxe6xb1x9fxe5x8fxa4xe5x9fx8e; traditional Chinese: xe9xbax97xe6xb1x9fxe5x8fxa4xe5x9fx8e; pinyin: Lxc3xacjixc4x81ng Gxc7x94chxc3xa9ng) is the historical center of Lijiang City, in Yunnan, China.
The town has a history going back more than 1,000 years and was once a confluence for trade along the "Old Tea Horse Caravan Trail".
The Dayan Old town is famous for its orderly system of waterways and bridges, a system fast becoming but a memory as the underground water table drops, probably due to over-building in the suburban areas.
The old musicians have been organized for regular performances in Dayan Old Town and less regular performances in the outlying villages.
Side by side with this well preserved evidence of Han culture resides Nakhi local culture, and this can be seen in the old town and on many street corners even today in the form of circle dances, attended by young and old from the local neighborhoods.
The Dayan Old Town circle dances are led by Hakhi women in local Nakhi costume.
Previously there were substantial Tibetan and Bai settlements in Dayan Old Town but most of these people have been resettled to districts away from the tourist areas.
Tibetan circle dancing can be seen occasionally in Dayan Old Town and more regularly in private gardens and Nongjiale (xe5x86x9cxe5xaexb6xe4xb9x90) gatherings of local Tibetans.
Both Nakhi and Tibetan circle dancing are practiced outside of the town's Tibetan temples Wenfeng Si (xe6x96x87xe5xb3xb0xe5xafxba) on Wenbifeng (xe6x96x87xe7xacx94xe5xb3xb0) Mountain, Zhiyun Si (xe6x8cx87xe4xbax91xe5xafxba) near Lashi Hai Lake (xe6x8bx89xe5xb8x82xe6xb5xb7), and Fuguo Si (xe5xafx8cxe5x9bxbdxe5xafxba) on Jade Dragon Mountain (xe7x8ex89xe9xbex99xe9x9bxaaxe5xb1xb1), especially on temple festival days.
Lijiang's tourism increased over the past twenty years, and travelers from around the world visit, though most tourists are still Han Chinese from other parts of China; the old town of Dayan has been extensively redeveloped with an eye to enhancing its commercial appeal to Han Chinese tourists and the genuinely old buildings are now in the minority.
The Old Town of Lijiang is located on the Lijiang plain at an elevation of 2,400 meters in southwest Yunnan, China, where a series of strategic passes give access through the surrounding mountains.
The Yulong Snow Mount to the north-west is the source of the rivers and springs which water the plain and supply the Heilong Pool (Black Dragon Pond), from where waterways feed into a network of canals and channels to supply the town.
The Old Town of Lijiang comprises three component parts: Dayan Old Town (including the Black Dragon Pond), Baisha and Shuhe housing clusters.
Dayan Old Town was established in the Ming dynasty as a commercial centre and includes the Lijiang Junmin Prefectural Government Office; the Yizi pavilion and Guabi Tower remaining from the former Mujia compound and the Yuquan architectural structures in the Heilongtan Park.
The Baisha housing cluster established earlier during the Song and Yuan dynasties is located 8km north of the Dayan Old Town.
Together with the Shuhe housing cluster located 4km north-west of Dayan Old Town, these settlements nestling in mountains and surrounded by water reflect the blend of local cultures, folk customs and traditions over several centuries.
Criterion (ii): From the 12th century onward, the Old Town of Lijiang was an important goods distribution center for trade between Sichuan, Yunnan and Tibet, and is where the Silk Road in the south joins the Ancient Chama (Tea and Horse) Roads.
The Old Town of Lijiang became an important center for the economic and cultural communication between various ethnic groups such as the Naxi, Han, Tibetan and Bai.
Criterion (iv): The three parts of the Old Town of Lijiang: Dayan Old Town (including the Heilong Pool), Baisha housing cluster and Shuhe housing cluster, fully reflect the social, economic and cultural features of the different periods, following the natural topography of mountains and water sources to form an outstanding settlement combining the residential traditions of Naxi, Han, Bai and Tibetan people.
Criterion (v): The Old Town of Lijiang has integrated the mountains, rivers, trees and architecture to create a human habitat featuring the unity between man and nature.
With mountains extending to the plain as the protective screen in the north and the plains in the east and south, the Old Town enjoys a sound geometrical relationship and ecological layout.
Heilong Pool and the scattered wells and springs constitute a complete water system, meeting the needs for fire prevention, daily life and production in the town.
Water plays an important role in the Old Townxe2x80x99s unique architectural style, urban layout and landscape as the main street and small alleys front onto the canals and some buildings and numerous bridges are constructed across the canals.
As an excellent example of human habitat showing a harmony between man and nature, the Old Town is a remarkable tribute to human ingenuity in land use.
The mountains in the surrounding area of the Old Town of Lijiang have been well preserved, and the time-honored water-supply system is still functioning today.
The property area of Dayan, Baisha housing cluster and Shuhe housing cluster of the Old Town of Lijiang have retained the overall layout, urban morphology, street landscape, and architectural style of the Ming and Qing dynasties, in spite of numerous earthquakes including a big earthquake on February 3, 1996.
The intangible heritage including Dongba culture, Naxi character, and the building skills of traditional residences in the Old Town of Lijiang have been inherited and promoted with the development of Naxi society.
For the protection and management, the Old Town of Lijiang has strictly abided by the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Protection of Cultural Relics, Regulations for the Implementation of the Law of the Peoplexe2x80x99s Republic of China on Protection of Cultural Relics and Regulation on the Protection of Famous Historical and Cultural Cities, Towns and Villages.
They have positively responded to the reactive monitoring carried out by the World Heritage Committee, carefully implemented the decisions of the Committee, and organized professional institutions and experts to enhance the research on the Outstanding Universal Value of the Old Town of Lijiang; they have prepared the Conservation Master Plan for the Old Town of Lijiang as a World Cultural Heritage Site, Manual on Repairing Folk Residences, Manual on Environment Protection, Plan for Business Development, and Management Plan; they have strengthened the control and management over tourism and commercial development in the surrounding area of the property by adjusting the area of protection.
In the future, the preparation, examination and implementation of the Conservation Master Plan for the Old Town of Lijiang as a World Cultural Heritage Site will be accelerated.
Moreover, the capacity of the World Cultural Heritage Management Bureau of the Old Town of Lijiang, the local protection and management institution, will be further built to improve heritage protection and management.