Occurrence of Attributes in Original Text
The text related to the cultural heritage 'Old City of Acre' has mentioned 'Acre' in the following places:
| Occurrence Sentence | Text Source |
|---|---|
| Acre xd7xa2xd6xb7xd7x9bxd6xbcxd7x95xd6xb9xe2x80x8exe2x80x8exd8xb9xd9x83xd9x91xd8xa7xe2x80x8exe2x80x8eCityHebrewxc2xa0transcription(s)xc2xa0xe2x80xa2xc2xa0ISO 259xcax95akko Municipal emblemAcreShow map of Northwest IsraelAcreShow map of IsraelCoordinates: 32xc2xb055xe2x80xb240xe2x80xb3N 35xc2xb004xe2x80xb254xe2x80xb3Exefxbbxbf / xefxbbxbf32.92778xc2xb0N 35.08167xc2xb0Exefxbbxbf / 32.92778; 35.08167Coordinates: 32xc2xb055xe2x80xb240xe2x80xb3N 35xc2xb004xe2x80xb254xe2x80xb3Exefxbbxbf / xefxbbxbf32.92778xc2xb0N 35.08167xc2xb0Exefxbbxbf / 32.92778; 35.08167Gridxc2xa0position156/258 PALCountryxc2xa0IsraelDistrictNorthernFounded3000xc2xa0BC (Bronze Age settlement) 1550xc2xa0BC (Canaanite settlement) 1104 (Crusader rule)1291 (Mamluk rule) 1948 (Israeli city)Governmentxc2xa0xe2x80xa2xc2xa0MayorShimon LankriAreaxc2xa0xe2x80xa2xc2xa0Total13,533xc2xa0dunams (13.533xc2xa0km2xc2xa0orxc2xa05.225xc2xa0sqxc2xa0mi)Populationxc2xa0(2019)[1]xc2xa0xe2x80xa2xc2xa0Total49,380xc2xa0xe2x80xa2xc2xa0Density3,600/km2 (9,500/sqxc2xa0mi) UNESCO World Heritage SiteOfficialxc2xa0nameOld City of AcreCriteriaCultural: ii, iii, vReference1042Inscription2001 (25th session)Area63.3 haBufferxc2xa0zone22.99 ha | WIKI |
| Acre was an important city during the Crusades, and was the site of several battles. | WIKI |
| [5] In particular, Acre is the holiest city of the Bahxc3xa1xcaxbcxc3xad Faith in Israel and receives many pilgrims of that faith every year. | WIKI |
| Contents 1 Names 2 History 2.1 Early Bronze Age 2.2 Middle Bronze Age 2.3 Iron Age 2.4 Persian period and classical antiquity 2.5 Byzantine period 2.6 Early Islamic period 2.7 Crusader and Ayyubid period 2.7.1 First Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem (1104xe2x80x931187) 2.7.2 Ayyubid intermezzo (1187xe2x80x931191) 2.7.3 Second Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem (1191xe2x80x931291) 2.8 Mamluk period (1291xe2x80x931517) 2.9 Ottoman period 2.10 Mandatory Palestine 2.11 Israel 3 Demography 4 Transportation 5 Education and culture 6 Sports 7 Landmarks 7.1 City walls 7.2 Al-Jazzar Mosque 7.3 Hamam al-Basha 7.4 Citadel of Acre 7.5 Hospitaller fortress 7.6 Other medieval sites 7.7 Bahxc3xa1xcaxbcxc3xad holy places 8 Archaeology 8.1 Crusader period remains 9 International relations 10 Notable residents 11 In popular culture 12 See also 13 References 13.1 Citations 13.2 Bibliography 14 External links | WIKI |
| Ottoman aqueduct to Acre | WIKI |
| [6] A folk etymology in Hebrew is that, when the ocean was created, it expanded until it reached Acre and then stopped, giving the city its name. | WIKI |
| Acre seems to be recorded in Egyptian hieroglyphs, possibly being the "Akka" in the execration texts from around 1800xc2xa0BC[7][8] and the "Aak" in the tribute lists of Thutmose III (1479xe2x80x931425xc2xa0BC). | WIKI |
| [9][10] On its native currency, Acre's name was written xcaxbfK (Phoenician: xf0x90xa4x8fxf0x90xa4x8a). | WIKI |
| Acre was known to the Greeks as xc3x81kxc4x93 (Greek: xe1xbcx8cxcexbaxcexb7), a homonym for Greek word meaning "cure". | WIKI |
| The remains of the oldest settlement at the site of modern Acre were found at a tell (archaeological mound) located 1.5xc2xa0km (0.93xc2xa0mi) east of the modern city of Acre. | WIKI |
| Acre was resettled as an urban centre during the Middle Bronze Age (c.xe2x80x892000xe2x80x931550xc2xa0BC) and has been continuously inhabited since then. | WIKI |
| During the Iron Age, Acre was politically and culturally affiliated with Phoenicia. | WIKI |
| Around 725xc2xa0BC, Acre joined Sidon and Tyre in a revolt against the Neo-Assyrian emperor Shalmaneser V.[18] | WIKI |
| According to historians such as Diodurus Siculus and Strabo, King Cambyses II attacked Egypt after massing a huge army on the plains near the city of Acre. | WIKI |
| In December 2018 archaeologists digging at the site of Tell Keisan in Acre unearthed the remains of a Persian military outpost that might have played a role in the successful 525 B.C. | WIKI |
| At first, the Egyptian Ptolemies held the land around Acre. | WIKI |
| Following the defeat of the Byzantine army of Heraclius by the Rashidun army of Khalid ibn al-Walid in the Battle of Yarmouk, and the capitulation of the Christian city of Jerusalem to the Caliph Umar, Acre came under the rule of the Rashidun Caliphate beginning in 638. | WIKI |
| [4] According to the early Muslim chronicler al-Baladhuri, the actual conquest of Acre was led by Shurahbil ibn Hasana, and it likely surrendered without resistance. | WIKI |
| [24] The Arab conquest brought a revival to the town of Acre, and it served as the main port of Palestine through the Umayyad and Abbasid Caliphates that followed, and through Crusader rule into the 13th century. | WIKI |
| Thus, he strengthened Acre's fortifications and settled Persians from other parts of Muslim Syria to inhabit the city. | WIKI |
| From Acre, which became one of the region's most important dockyards along with Tyre, Mu'awiyah launched an attack against Byzantine-held Cyprus. | WIKI |
| The Byzantines assaulted the coastal cities in 669, prompting Mu'awiyah to assemble and send shipbuilders and carpenters to Acre. | WIKI |
| [24] Nonetheless, Acre remained militarily significant through the early Abbasid period, with Caliph al-Mutawakkil issuing an order to make Acre into a major naval base in 861, equipping the city with battleships and combat troops. | WIKI |
| During the 10th century, Acre was still part of Jund al-Urdunn. | WIKI |
| [26] Local Arab geographer al-Muqaddasi visited Acre during the early Fatimid Caliphate in 985, describing it as a fortified coastal city with a large mosque possessing a substantial olive grove. | WIKI |
| When Persian traveller Nasir Khusraw visited Acre in 1047, he noted that the large Jama Masjid was built of marble, located in the centre of the city and just south of it lay the "tomb of the Prophet Salih. | WIKI |
| This figure indicates that Acre at that time was larger than its current Old City area, most of which was built between the 18th and 19th centuries. | WIKI |
| After roughly four years of siege,[28] Acre finally capitulated to the forces of King Baldwin I of Jerusalem in 1104 following the First Crusade. | WIKI |
| On the first Crusade, Fulcher relates his travels with the Crusading armies of King Baldwin, including initially staying over in Acre before the army's advance to Jerusalem. | WIKI |
| This demonstrates that even from the beginning, Acre was an important link between the Crusaders and their advance into the Levant. | WIKI |
| Around 1170 it became the main port of the eastern Mediterranean, and the kingdom of Jerusalem was regarded in the west as enormously wealthy above all because of Acre. | WIKI |
| Acre, along with Beirut and Sidon, capitulated without a fight to the Ayyubid sultan Saladin in 1187, after his decisive victory at Hattin and the subsequent Muslim capture of Jerusalem. | WIKI |
| Copy of a 1320 CE map of Acre | WIKI |
| Acre remained in Muslim hands until it was unexpectedly besieged by King Guy of Lusignanxe2x80x94reinforced by Pisan naval and ground forcesxe2x80x94in August 1189. | WIKI |
| Acre then served as the de facto capital of the remnant Kingdom of Jerusalem in 1192. | WIKI |
| Acre continued to prosper as major commercial hub of the eastern Mediterranean, but also underwent turbulent times due to the bitter infighting among the Crusader factions that occasionally resulted in civil wars. | WIKI |
| Both the archaeological record and Crusader texts emphasize Acre's strategic importancexe2x80x94a city in which it was crucial to pass through, control, and, as evidenced by the massive walls, protect. | WIKI |
| Acre was the final major stronghold of the Crusader states when much of the Levantine coastline was conquered by Mamluk forces. | WIKI |
| Acre itself fell to Sultan Al-Ashraf Khalil in 1291. | WIKI |
| Acre, having been isolated and largely abandoned by Europe, was conquered by Mamluk sultan al-Ashraf Khalil in a bloody siege in 1291. | WIKI |
| In line with Mamluk policy regarding the coastal cities (to prevent their future utilization by Crusader forces), Acre was entirely destroyed, with the exception of a few religious edifices considered sacred by the Muslims, namely the Nabi Salih tomb and the Ayn Bakar spring. | WIKI |
| In 1321 the Syrian geographer Abu'l-Fida wrote that Acre was "a beautiful city" but still in ruins following its capture by the Mamluks. | WIKI |
| [32] Throughout the Mamluk era (1260xe2x80x931517), Acre was succeeded by Safed as the principal city of its province. | WIKI |
| Acre in 1841, as mapped by the British Royal Engineers after the Oriental Crisis of 1840 | WIKI |
| Old City of Acre, 1878 by Fxc3xa9lix Bonfils | WIKI |
| During Ottoman rule, Acre continued to play an important role in the region via smaller autonomous sheikhdoms. | WIKI |
| [2] Towards the end of the 18th century Acre revived under the rule of Zahir al-Umar, the Arab ruler of the Galilee, who made the city capital of his autonomous sheikhdom. | WIKI |
| Zahir rebuilt Acre's fortifications, using materials from the city's medieval ruins. | WIKI |
| [31] His successor, Jazzar Pasha, further fortified its walls when he virtually moved the capital of the Saida Eyelet ("Province of Sidon") to Acre where he resided. | WIKI |
| Port of Acre | WIKI |
| In 1799 Napoleon, in pursuance of his scheme for raising a Syrian rebellion against Turkish domination, appeared before Acre, but after a siege of two months (Marchxe2x80x93May) was repulsed by the Turks, aided by Sir Sidney Smith and a force of British sailors. | WIKI |
| Abdullah Pasha ruled Acre until 1831, when Ibrahim Pasha besieged and reduced the town and destroyed its buildings. | WIKI |
| [38] It was the capital of the Acre Sanjak in the Beirut Vilayet until the British captured the city on 23 September 1918 during World War I. | WIKI |
| At the beginning of the Mandate period, in the 1922 census of Palestine, Acre had 6,420 residents: 4,883 of whom were Muslim; 1,344 Christian; 102 Bahxc3xa1xcaxbcxc3xad; 78 Jewish and 13 Druze. | WIKI |
| [39] The 1931 census counted 7,897 people in Acre, 6,076 Muslims, 1,523 Christians, 237 Jews, 51 Bahxc3xa1xcaxbcxc3xad and 10 Druse. | WIKI |
| [40] In the 1945 census Acre's population numbered 12,360; 9,890 Muslims, 2,330 Christians, 50 Jews and 90 classified as "other". | WIKI |
| Interior of Acre prison, circa 1938 | WIKI |
| Acre's fort was converted into a jail, where members of the Jewish underground were held during their struggle against the Mandate authorities, among them Ze'ev Jabotinsky, Shlomo Ben-Yosef, and Dov Gruner. | WIKI |
| In the 1947 United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine, Acre was designated part of a future Arab state. | WIKI |
| Before the 1948 Arab-Israeli War broke out, Acre's Arabs attacked neighbouring Jewish settlements and Jewish transportation; in March 1948 42 Jews were killed on an attack on a convoy north of the city,[44] whilst on 18 March four Jewish employees of the electricity company and five British soldiers protecting them were killed whilst travelling to repair damaged lines near the city. | WIKI |
| Acre city hall | WIKI |
| Acre was captured by Israel on 17 May 1948,[46] displacing about three-quarters of the Arab population of the city (13,510 of 17,395). | WIKI |
| Acre has also served as a base for important events in Bahxc3xa1xcaxbcxc3xad history, including being the birthplace of Shoghi Effendi, and the short-lived schism between Bahxc3xa1xcaxbcxc3xads initiated by the attacks by Mxc3xadrzxc3xa1 Muhammad xcaxbbAlxc3xad against xcaxbbAbdu'l-Bahxc3xa1. | WIKI |
| In 2009, the population of Acre reached 46,300. | WIKI |
| Today there are roughly 48,000 people who live in Acre. | WIKI |
| Among Israeli cities, Acre has a relatively high proportion of non-Jewish residents, with 32% of the population being Arab. | WIKI |
| Acre is home to Jews, Muslims, Christians, Druze, and Bahxc3xa1xcaxbcxc3xads. | WIKI |
| In particular, Acre is the holiest city of the Bahxc3xa1xcaxbcxc3xad Faith and receives many pilgrims of that faith every year. | WIKI |
| In 1999, there were 22 schools in Acre with an enrollment of 15,000 children. | WIKI |
| Acre Railway Station | WIKI |
| The Acre central bus station, served by Egged and Nateev Express, offers intra-city and inter-city bus routes to destinations all over Israel. | WIKI |
| Nateev Express is currently contracted to provide the intra-city bus routes within Acre. | WIKI |
| The city is also served by the Acre Railway Station,[59] which is on the main Coastal railway line to Nahariya, with southerly trains to Beersheba and Modi'in-Maccabim-Re'ut. | WIKI |
| Terra Santa School in Old Acre | WIKI |
| In 1990, Mohammed Faheli, an Arab resident of Acre, founded the Acre Jewish-Arab association, which originally operated out of two bomb shelters. | WIKI |
| Another program is Patriots of Acre, a community responsibility and youth tourism program that teaches children to become ambassadors for their city. | WIKI |
| Some 1,000 children take part in the Acre Centre's youth club and youth programming every week. | WIKI |
| Acre Municipal Stadium | WIKI |
| The city's football team, Hapoel Acre F.C., is a member of the Israeli Premier League, the top tier of Israeli football. | WIKI |
| They play in the Acre Municipal Stadium which was opened in September 2011. | WIKI |
| In the past the city was also home to Maccabi Acre. | WIKI |
| Other current active clubs are Ahi Acre and the newly formed Maccabi Ironi Acre, both playing in Liga Bet. | WIKI |
| Both club also host their matches in the Acre Municipal Stadium. | WIKI |
| Crusader and Ottoman settlements in Acre. | WIKI |
| Khan al-Umdan in the old city of Acre | WIKI |
| Acre's Old City has been designated by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site. | WIKI |
| In 2009, renovations were planned for Khan al-Umdan, the "Inn of the Columns," the largest of several Ottoman inns still standing in Acre. | WIKI |
| Acre's southern sea wall | WIKI |
| Acre's sea wall at night | WIKI |
| In 1750, Zahir al-Umar, the ruler of Acre, utilized the remnants of the Crusader walls as a foundation for his walls. | WIKI |
| In 1912, the Acre lighthouse was built on the south-western corner of the walls. | WIKI |
| Built in 1795 by Jazzar Pasha, Acre's Turkish bath has a series of hot rooms and a hexagonal steam room with a marble fountain. | WIKI |
| Citadel of Acre | WIKI |
| The current building which constitutes the citadel of Acre is an Ottoman fortification, built on the foundation of the citadel of the Knights Hospitaller. | WIKI |
| During the 20th century the citadel was used mainly as Acre Prison and as the site for a gallows. | WIKI |
| Under the citadel and prison of Acre, archaeological excavations revealed a complex of halls, which was built and used by the Knights Hospitaller. | WIKI |
| [67] This complex was a part of the Hospitallers citadel, which was included in the northern defences of Acre. | WIKI |
| There were also residential quarters and marketplaces run by merchants from Pisa and Amalfi in Crusader and medieval Acre. | WIKI |
| Bahxc3xa1xcaxbcxc3xad shrine outside Acre, Bahji mansion | WIKI |
| There are many Bahxc3xa1xcaxbcxc3xad holy places in and around Acre. | WIKI |
| The final years of Bahxc3xa1xcaxbcu'llxc3xa1h's life were spent in the Mansion of Bahjxc3xad, just outside Acre, even though he was still formally a prisoner of the Ottoman Empire. | WIKI |
| Other Bahxc3xa1xcaxbcxc3xad sites in Acre are the House of xcaxbbAbbxc3xbad (where Bahxc3xa1xcaxbcu'llxc3xa1h and his family resided) and the House of xcaxbbAbdu'llxc3xa1h Pxc3xa1shxc3xa1 (where later xcaxbbAbdu'l-Bahxc3xa1 resided with his family), and the Garden of Ridvxc3xa1n where he spent the end of his life. | WIKI |
| In 2008, the Bahxc3xa1xcaxbcxc3xad holy places in Acre and Haifa were added to the UNESCO World Heritage List. | WIKI |
| Under the citadel and prison of Acre, archaeological excavations revealed a complex of halls, which was built and used by the Hospitallers Knights. | WIKI |
| [67] This complex was a part of the Hospitallers' citadel, which was combined in the northern wall of Acre. | WIKI |
| There were also residential quarters and marketplaces run by merchants from Pisa and Amalfi in Crusader and medieval Acre. | WIKI |
| Acre is twinned with: | WIKI |
| Francis of Assisi (1181/1182 xe2x80x93 October 3, 1226) came on pilgrimage to the Holy Land passing through Acre Nahmanides (1194xe2x80x931270), Jewish scholar and Talmud expert Heinrich Walpot (died before 1208), first Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights Otto von Kerpen (died 1209), second Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights Marco Polo (1254xe2x80x931324) sailed from Venice to Acre in 1271 Joan of Acre (1272xe2x80x931307), English princess born in Acre General Caffarelli (1759xe2x80x931799), French general and scholar; died and buried in Acre Ghassan Kanafani (born 1936, died 1972), Palestinian writer. | WIKI |
| Acre is one of three main settings in the video game Assassin's Creed. | WIKI |