Occurrence of Attributes in Original Text
The text related to the cultural heritage 'Mountain Railways of India' has mentioned 'Mountain' in the following places:
| Occurrence Sentence | Text Source |
|---|---|
| Mountain Railways of IndiaUNESCO World Heritage SiteLocationIndiaIncludesDarjeeling Himalayan RailwayNilgiri Mountain RailwayKalkaxe2x80x93Shimla RailwayCriteriaCultural:xc2xa0(ii), (iv)Reference944terInscription1999 (23rd session)Extensions2005, 2008Area89xc2xa0ha (0.34xc2xa0sqxc2xa0mi)Bufferxc2xa0zone645xc2xa0ha (2.49xc2xa0sqxc2xa0mi)123Mountain railways of India: 1 = Darjeeling Himalayan Railway, 2 = Nilgiri Mountain Railway, 3 = Kalkaxe2x80x93Shimla Railway | WIKI |
| The Mountain railways of India are the railway lines that were built in the mountains of India. | WIKI |
| Three of them, the Darjeeling Himalayan Railway, the Nilgiri Mountain Railway, and the Kalkaxe2x80x93Shimla Railway, are collectively designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site under the name "Mountain Railways of India". | WIKI |
| [1] All four are narrow-gauge railways, and the Nilgiri Mountain Railway is also the only rack railway in India. | WIKI |
| Some mountain railways such as the Lumdingxe2x80x93Badarpur section have been converted to 1,676xc2xa0mm (5xc2xa0ftxc2xa06xc2xa0in) broad gauge, which is the nationwide standard, while some railways such as the Kangra Valley Railway are in the process of being converted to broad gauge. | WIKI |
| Some mountain railways, such as the Jammuxe2x80x93Baramulla line, are currently under construction, and others are in the planning stage, such as the Srinagarxe2x80x93Leh line, the Bilaspurxe2x80x93Leh line, the Jammuxe2x80x93Poonch line, and the Chota Char Dham Railway. | WIKI |
| All the mountain railways constructed in recent times use 1,676xc2xa0mm (5xc2xa0ftxc2xa06xc2xa0in) broad gauge. | WIKI |
| Contents 1 World Heritage Sites 1.1 Darjeeling Himalayan Railway 1.2 Nilgiri Mountain Railway 1.3 Kalkaxe2x80x93Shimla Railway 2 Other mountain railways of India 2.1 Matheran Hill Railway 2.2 Kangra Valley Railway 2.3 Lumdingxe2x80x93Badarpur section 2.4 Jammuxe2x80x93Baramulla line 3 Proposed railways 4 See also 5 References 6 External links | WIKI |
| Three railways, the Darjeeling Himalayan Railway, the Nilgiri Mountain Railway, and the Kalkaxe2x80x93Shimla Railway, are collectively designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site under the name Mountain Railways of India. | WIKI |
| The basis of UNESCO's designation of the Mountain Railways of India as a World Heritage Site is "outstanding examples of bold, ingenious engineering solutions for the problem of establishing an effective rail link through rugged, mountainous terrain. | WIKI |
| "[2] The Darjeeling Himalayan Railway received the honor first in 1999 by UNESCO followed by the Nilgiri Mountain Railway in 2005. | WIKI |
| The three routes together have been titled the Mountain Railways of India under UNESCO World Heritage Site criteria ii and iv, within the Asia-Pacific region. | WIKI |
| The Matheran Railway, a fourth mountain line, has been nominated and is pending approval by the international body. | WIKI |
| Nilgiri Mountain Railway[edit] | WIKI |
| A train on the Nilgiri Mountain Railway | WIKI |
| The Nilgiri Mountain Railway is a 46xc2xa0km (29xc2xa0mi) metre gauge single-line railway. | WIKI |
| The Nilgiri Mountain Railway was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in July 2005. | WIKI |
| Other mountain railways of India[edit] | WIKI |
| Notable features of the route include Neral Station, the first on the route; the Herdal Hill section; the steep grade of Bhekra Khud; the One Kiss Tunnel (the only tunnel on the route, which earned its nickname because the tunnel is just long enough to exchange a kiss with one's partner); a water pipe station, which is no longer in operation; Mountain Berry, which features two sharp zigzags; Panorama Point; and finally, the end of the route at Matheran Bazaar. | WIKI |
| The Mountain Railway of India consists of three railways: the Darjeeling Himalayan Railway located in the foothills of the Himalayas in West Bengal (Northeast India) having an area of 5.34 ha., the Nilgiri Mountain Railways located in the Nilgiri Hills of Tamil Nadu (South India) having an area of 4.59 ha. | UNESCO |
| The Mountain Railways of India are outstanding examples of hill railways. | UNESCO |
| The innovative design includes six zigzag reverses and three loops with a ruling gradient of 1:31.The construction of the Nilgiri Mountain Railway, a 45.88 kilometer long meter-gauge single-track railway was first proposed in 1854, but due to the difficulty of the mountainous location the work only started in 1891 and was completed in 1908. | UNESCO |
| The Kalka Shimla Railway, a 96.6 kilometer long, single track working rail link built in the mid-19th century to provide a service to the highland town of Shimla is emblematic of the technical and material efforts to disenclave mountain populations through the railway. | UNESCO |
| Criterion (ii): The Mountain Railways of India are outstanding examples of the interchange of values on developments in technology, and the impact of an innovative transportation system on the social and economic development of a multicultural region, which was to serve as a model for similar developments in many parts of the world. | UNESCO |
| The Mountain Railways of India exhibit an important cultural and technologicaly transfer in the colonial setting of the period of its construction, particularly with regard to the eminently political function of the terminus station, Shimla.. | UNESCO |
| The Mountain Railways of India are outstanding examples of a technological ensemble, representing different phases of the development in high mountain areas. | UNESCO |
| The Mountain Railways of India are outstanding examples of how access has been provided to the plains and plateaus of the Indian mountains. | UNESCO |
| They are emblematic of the technical and material efforts of human societies of this period to disenclave mountain populations through the railway. | UNESCO |
| The integrity of use has been maintained and from the outset the lines have been used for large-scale and permanent transport, with all the characteristics associated with railway disenclavement of mountain areas. | UNESCO |
| Indian Railways has a central research department that considers climatic and geological effects with an impact on mountain lines (RDSO). | UNESCO |
| The three mountain railways have been in service continuously from theirits inception. | UNESCO |