Occurrence of Attributes in Original Text
The text related to the cultural heritage 'Mogao Caves' has mentioned 'Cave' in the following places:
| Occurrence Sentence | Text Source |
|---|---|
| The caves may also be known as the Dunhuang Caves; however, this term is also used as a collective term to include other Buddhist cave sites in and around the Dunhuang area, such as the Western Thousand Buddha Caves, Eastern Thousand Buddha Caves, Yulin Caves, and Five Temple Caves. | WIKI |
| An important cache of documents was discovered in 1900 in the so-called "Library Cave", which had been walled-up in the 11th century. | WIKI |
| Contents 1 Etymology 2 History 2.1 Discovery and revival 3 The Library Cave 3.1 Dunhuang manuscripts 4 Art 4.1 Architecture 4.2 Murals 4.3 Sculptures 4.4 Paintings on silk and paper 4.5 Printed images 4.6 Textiles 5 Caves 6 Gallery 7 See also 8 Footnotes 9 References 10 Further reading 11 External links | WIKI |
| Cave 159. | WIKI |
| According to a book written during the reign of Tang Empress Wu, Fokan Ji (xe4xbdx9bxe9xbex95xe8xa8x98, An Account of Buddhist Shrines) by Li Junxiu (xe6x9dx8exe5x90x9bxe4xbfxae), a Buddhist monk named Lxc3xa8 Zxc5xabn (xe6xa8x82xe5xb0x8a, which may also be pronounced Yuezun) had a vision of a thousand Buddhas bathed in golden light at the site in 366 AD, inspiring him to build a cave here. | WIKI |
| [14] The story is also found in other sources, such as in inscriptions on a stele in cave 332; an earlier date of 353 however was given in another document, Shazhou Tujing (xe6xb2x99xe5xb7x9exe5x9cx9fxe9x8fxa1, Geography of Shazhou). | WIKI |
| Painting on silk (Library Cave), Late Tang. | WIKI |
| In one such cave, on 25 June 1900, Wang followed the drift of smoke from a cigarette, and discovered a walled up area behind one side of a corridor leading to a main cave. | WIKI |
| [21][22] Behind the wall was a small cave stuffed with an enormous hoard of manuscripts. | WIKI |
| In the next few years, Wang took some manuscripts to show to various officials who expressed varying level of interest, but in 1904 Wang re-sealed the cave following an order by the governor of Gansu concerned about the cost of transporting these documents. | WIKI |
| Abbot Wang Yuanlu, discoverer of the hidden Library Cave | WIKI |
| The Library Cave[edit] | WIKI |
| Picture of Cave 16, by Aurel Stein in 1907, with manuscripts piled up beside the entrance to Cave 17, the Library Cave, which is to the right in this picture. | WIKI |
| Cave 17 discovered by Wang Yuanlu came to be known as the Library Cave. | WIKI |
| It is located off the entrance leading to cave 16 and was originally used as a memorial cave for a local monk Hongbian on his death in 862. | WIKI |
| Hongbian, from a wealthy Wu family, was responsible for the construction of cave 16, and the Library Cave may have been used as his retreat in his lifetime. | WIKI |
| The cave originally contained his statue which was moved to another cave when it was used to keep manuscripts, some of which bear Hongbian's seal. | WIKI |
| A large number of documents dating from 406 to 1002 were found in the cave, heaped up in closely packed layers of bundles of scrolls. | WIKI |
| The Library Cave also contained textiles such as banners, numerous damaged figurines of Buddhas, and other Buddhist paraphernalia. | WIKI |
| According to Stein who was the first to describe the cave in its original state:[35] | WIKI |
| The Library Cave was walled off sometime early in the 11th century. | WIKI |
| Stein first proposed that the cave had become a waste repository for venerable, damaged and used manuscripts and hallowed paraphernalia and then sealed perhaps when the place came under threat. | WIKI |
| [36] Another suggestion is that the cave was simply used as a book storehouse for documents which accumulated over a century and a half, then sealed up when it became full. | WIKI |
| The date of the sealing of the cave continued to be debated. | WIKI |
| Rong (2000) provided evidence to support 1002 as the date for sealing the cave,[38] while Huntington (1986) supported a closing around the early to mid-thirteen century. | WIKI |
| [39] The latest date recorded in the documents found in the cave is believed to be 1002, and although some have proposed later dates for some of the documents, the cave was likely to have been sealed not long after that date. | WIKI |
| Paul Pelliot examining manuscripts in the Library Cave, 1908 | WIKI |
| The manuscripts from the Library Cave date from fifth century until early eleventh century when it was sealed. | WIKI |
| [40] The manuscripts found in the Library Cave include the earliest dated printed book, the Diamond Sutra from 868, which was first translated from Sanskrit into Chinese in the fourth century. | WIKI |
| [41] Efforts are now underway to reconstitute the Library Cave manuscripts digitally, and they are now available as part of International Dunhuang Project. | WIKI |
| Mural of Avalokitexc5x9bvara (Guanyin), Worshipping Bodhisattvas and Mendicant in cave 57. | WIKI |
| Some of the caves used for meditation are adaptations of the Indian vihara (monastery) cave plan and contain side-chambers just large enough for one person to sit in. | WIKI |
| Cave 156, Late Tang Dynasty. | WIKI |
| Cave 253, Northern Wei. | WIKI |
| [45] Motifs of Chinese, Central Asian and Indian origin may be found in a single cave, and Chinese elements increased during the Western Wei period. | WIKI |
| The Great Buddha of cave 96 | WIKI |
| Figure of Maitreya Buddha in cave 275 from Northern Liang (397xe2x80x93439), one of the earliest caves. | WIKI |
| The earlier and larger one in cave 96, at 35.5 m high, was constructed in 695 under the edicts from Empress Wu Zetian who instructed the constructions of monasteries in 689 and giant statues in 694. | WIKI |
| Reproduction of the reclining Buddha of the Tibetan period from cave 158. | WIKI |
| One type of caves constructed during the Tibetan era is the Nirvana Cave, which features a large reclining Buddha that covers the entire length of the hall. | WIKI |
| The Buddha figure in cave 158 measures 15.6 m long. | WIKI |
| The original function of the "Library Cave" was as a shrine commemorating Hong Bian, the 9th-century monk. | WIKI |
| His portrait statue, unusual here and among all surviving works in China, was removed to another spot when the cave was sealed up in the 11th century, but has been returned now the library has been removed. | WIKI |
| Before the discovery in the Library Cave, original paintings on silk and paper from the Tang dynasty, an influential period in Chinese art, were very rare, and most of the surviving examples were copies made in later periods. | WIKI |
| Over a thousand paintings on silk, banners, and embroideries were found in the Library Cave, none apparently dating before the late 7th century. | WIKI |
| The Library Cave is equally important as a source of rare early images and texts produced by woodblock printing, including the famous Diamond Sutra, the earliest printed book to survive. | WIKI |
| Detail of embroidered panel from the Library Cave. | WIKI |
| The textiles found in the Library Cave include silk banners, altar hangings, wrappings for manuscripts, and monks' apparel (kxc4x81xe1xb9xa3xc4x81ya). | WIKI |
| 10th century mural from Cave 61, showing Tang Buddhist monasteries of Mount Wutai, Shanxi province The travel of Zhang Qian to the West, complete view, c. 700 The travel of Zhang Qian to the West, details of mural from cave 323, 618xe2x80x93712 A Tang Chinese silk landscape painting depicting a young Sakyamuni cutting his hair Vajrapani Painting at Mogao Caves (Library Cave) Bandit attacks Vaishravana riding across the waters. | WIKI |
| Worshipping Bodhisattva, cave 285, Wei Dynasty. | WIKI |
| Cave 285, Western Wei. | WIKI |
| Cave 98, Five Dynasties era. | WIKI |
| Cave 61, Five Dynasties. | WIKI |
| Cave 409, Western Xia. | WIKI |
| Figures from cave 409, Western Xia. | WIKI |
| Sculpture of Bodhisattva Avalokitesvara from Mogao Caves, 890xe2x80x93910, Musxc3xa9e Guimet Great Buddha of cave 130 Lokapala guardian figure, Musxc3xa9e Guimet Sculptures in a niche above a main Buddha figure, Mogao cave 27, High Tang Reclining Buddha in cave 148, second largest reclining figure in Mogao. | WIKI |
| Sogdian Daxc4x93nxc4x81s depicting two Zoroastrian deities once worshipped by the Sogdians Nestorian painting of Jesus Christ discovered at the Library Cave Buddhist cave art, a dancer spins while the orchestra plays. | WIKI |
| Also called cave 112. | WIKI |
| Cave 302 of the Sui dynasty contains one of the oldest and most vivid scenes of cultural exchanges along the Silk Road, depicting a camel pulling a cart typical of trade missions of that period. | UNESCO |
| Caves 23 and 156 of the Tang dynasty show workers in the fields and a line of warriors respectively and in the Song dynasty Cave 61, the celebrated landscape of Mount Wutai is an early example of artistic Chinese cartography, where nothing has been left out xe2x80x93 mountains, rivers, cities, temples, roads and caravans are all depicted. | UNESCO |
| The discovery of the Library Cave at the Mogao Caves in 1990, together with the tens of thousands of manuscripts and relics it contained, has been acclaimed as the worldxe2x80x99s greatest discovery of ancient Oriental culture. | UNESCO |