Occurrence of Attributes in Original Text
The text related to the cultural heritage 'Minaret and Archaeological Remains of Jam' has mentioned 'Minaret' in the following places:
| Occurrence Sentence | Text Source |
|---|---|
| Minaret of JamTypeMinaretLocationShahrak District, Ghor Province, AfghanistanCoordinates34xc2xb023xe2x80xb247.6xe2x80xb3N 64xc2xb030xe2x80xb257.8xe2x80xb3Exefxbbxbf / xefxbbxbf34.396556xc2xb0N 64.516056xc2xb0Exefxbbxbf / 34.396556; 64.516056Coordinates: 34xc2xb023xe2x80xb247.6xe2x80xb3N 64xc2xb030xe2x80xb257.8xe2x80xb3Exefxbbxbf / xefxbbxbf34.396556xc2xb0N 64.516056xc2xb0Exefxbbxbf / 34.396556; 64.516056Height65-metre (213xc2xa0ft)Built12th century UNESCO World Heritage SiteOfficial nameMinaret and Archaeological Remains of JamTypeCulturalCriteria(ii), (iii), (iv)Designated2002 (26thxc2xa0session)Referencexc2xa0no.211RegionSouthern AsiaEndangered2002xe2x80x93... | WIKI |
| Location of Minaret of Jam in Afghanistan | WIKI |
| The Minaret of Jam is a UNESCO World Heritage Site in western Afghanistan. | WIKI |
| The 65-metre (213xc2xa0ft)[1] or 62-metre (203xc2xa0ft) high minaret[2] was built around 1190 entirely of baked bricks and is famous for its intricate brick, stucco and glazed tile decoration, which consists of alternating bands of kufic and naskhi calligraphy, geometric patterns, and verses from the Qur'an. | WIKI |
| Since 2002, the minaret has remained on the list of World Heritage in Danger, under serious threat of erosion, and has not been actively preserved. | WIKI |
| In 2020, the Minaret of Jam was listed among cultural heritage sites of the Islamic world by the Islamic World Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (ICESCO). | WIKI |
| According to the Afghan Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MoFA), the Minaret of Jam is Afghanistanxe2x80x99s first cultural heritage site to be listed by ICESCO. | WIKI |
| The word minaret is Arabic [xd9x85xd9x86xd8xa7xd8xb1xd8xa9] and usually means a tower next to a mosque from which the muezzin calls the faithful to prayer. | WIKI |
| The Minaret of Jam is probably located at the site of the Ghurid Dynasty's capital, Firozkoh. | WIKI |
| The circular minaret rests on an octagonal base; it had 2 wooden balconies and was topped by a lantern. | WIKI |
| The Minaret of Jam belongs to a group of around 60 minarets and towers built between the 11th and the 13th centuries in Central Asia, Iran and Afghanistan, including the Kutlug Timur Minaret in Old Urgench (long considered the tallest of these still in existence). | WIKI |
| Analysis of the "robber holes" around the site, high-resolution satellite images and data from Google Maps has led to an estimate that the Ghxc5xabrid summer capital around the minaret was about 19.5 hectares in size. | WIKI |
| It was also inscribed in UNESCO's list of World Heritage in Danger, due to the precarious state of preservation of the minaret, and the results of looting at the site. | WIKI |
| According to archaeologists, a Jewish cemetery was also discovered 10 kilometers away from the minaret including remains from a military building, a palace and pottery jars. | WIKI |
| Jam minaret | WIKI |
| The Arabic inscription dating the minaret is unclear xe2x80x93 it could read 1193/4 or 1174/5 when converted to Gregorian dates. | WIKI |
| [9] However, Dr. Ralph Pinder-Wilson, a British Archeologist and Director of the British Institute of Afghan Studies in the 1970s, wrote a major study of the Minarets of Jam and Ghazni in which he expressed his belief that the minaret was built to commemorate the victory of Mu'izz ad-Din, Ghiyath ud-Din's brother, over Prithviraj Chauhan. | WIKI |
| [9] Pinder-Wilson believed that the minaret was built in the style of the time, which included a tradition of early Islamic victory towers proclaiming the conquering power of Islam. | WIKI |
| It is assumed that the Minaret was attached to the Friday Mosque of Firozkoh, which the Ghurid chronicler Abu 'Ubayd al-Juzjani states was washed away in a flash flood, some time before the Mongol sieges in the early 13th century. | WIKI |
| [citation needed] Work at Jam by the Minaret of Jam Archaeological Project has found evidence of a large courtyard building beside the minaret, and evidence of river sediments on top of the baked-brick paving. | WIKI |
| The Minaret was little known outside of Afghanistan until Sir Thomas Holdich reported it in 1886 while working for the Afghan Boundary Commission. | WIKI |
| The Minaret of Jam is threatened by erosion, water infiltration and floods, due to its proximity to the Hari and Jam rivers. | WIKI |
| Following his 2002 visit, British explorer and future Member of Parliament Rory Stewart reported that looters and illegal excavations have also damaged the archaeological site surrounding the minaret. | WIKI |
| On 21 July 2018 Pajhwok News reported Taliban clashes with local forces at checkpoints near the Minaret of Jam in a 6-hour long skirmish. | WIKI |
| Ghor Director of Culture and Information Fakhruddin Ariapoor expressed concern at the instability in the area, stating that some parts of the green area were damaged; and although the minaret remained intact, warned that if the central government did not pay due attention to the security of the site, the militants would destroy it. | WIKI |
| The minaret was largely rediscovered in 1958 by French explorers. | WIKI |
| Minaret of Jam melts into rugged landscape | WIKI |
| In 2012 UNESCO outlined plans for 3D scanning, hydraulic measurements, and strengthening of support beams and walls to maintain the Minaret, and photos of the external structure have been taken to provide models for future reconstruction. | WIKI |
| Although the 3D modelling of the minaret was finally carried out for UNESCO by Iconem, political instability has led to a lack of funding and no maintenance efforts have been conducted. | WIKI |
| [18] While fieldwork remains difficult, archaeologists have analyzed satellite images and data from Google Maps to make new discoveries about the minaret and the surrounding site. | WIKI |
| Much can be and needs to be done to aid in the conservation of the Minaret. | WIKI |
| Minaret of Jam, Decorative inscriptions on the exterior Minaret of Jam, detail view Minaret of Jam, part of decorative exterior inscription Decorated exterior of the Minaret of Jam, August 2005 Minaret of Jam, with design influenced by Karramiyya Minaret of Jam xe2x80x93 interior Minaret of Jam on the bank of the Hari Rud River Baked-brick courtyard paving near the Minaret of Jam, August 2005 The Minaret of Jam and Qasr Zarafshan, August 2005 Farmstead on the way to the minaret | WIKI |
| At 1,900xc2xa0m above sea level and far from any town, the Minaret of Jam rises within a rugged valley along the Hari-rud River at its junction with the river Jam around 215km-east of Herat. | UNESCO |
| The Minaret is completely covered with geometric decoration in relief enhanced with a Kufic inscription in turquoise tiles. | UNESCO |
| Surrounding remains include a group of stones with Hebrew inscriptions from the 11th to 12th centuries on the Kushkak hill, and vestiges of castles and towers of the Ghurid settlements on the banks of the Hari River as well as to the east of the Minaret. | UNESCO |
| The Minaret of Jam is one of the few well-preserved monuments representing the exceptional artistic creativity and mastery of structural engineering of the time. | UNESCO |
| Criterion (ii): The innovative architecture and decoration of the Minaret of Jam played a significant role in the development of the arts and architecture of the Indian sub-continent and beyond. | UNESCO |
| Criterion (iii): The Minaret of Jam and its associated archaeological remains constitute exceptional testimony to the power and quality of the Ghurid civilization that dominated the region in the 12th and 13th centuries. | UNESCO |
| Criterion (iv): The Minaret of Jam is an outstanding example of Islamic architecture and ornamentation in the region and played a significant role for further dissemination. | UNESCO |
| Since the building of the Minaret around eight hundred years ago, no reconstruction or extensive restoration work has ever taken place in the area. | UNESCO |
| Subsequent surveys and studies have led only to simple precautionary stabilization measures to the base of the Minaret. | UNESCO |
| Thus, the attributes that express the Outstanding Universal Value of the site, not least the Minaret itself, other architectural forms and their setting in the landscape, remain intact within the boundaries of the property and beyond. | UNESCO |
| The authenticity of the ensemble of the Minaret of Jam and the vestiges that surround it has never been questioned. | UNESCO |
| The Minaret has always been recognised as a genuine architectural and decorative masterpiece by the experts and an artistic chef-d'oeuvre by the aesthetes. | UNESCO |
| The legal and institutional framework for the effective management of the Minaret and archaeological remains (70ha with a 600ha buffer zone), is regulated by the Department of Historic Monuments on behalf of the Ministry of Information and Culture of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan. | UNESCO |
| This must include the increased capacity of the staff of the Afghan Ministry of Culture and Information who are in charge of the preservation of the property; precise identification of the World Heritage property and clearly marked boundaries and buffer zones; assurance of the long-term stability and conservation of the Minaret; assurance of site security, and a comprehensive management system including the development and implementation of a long-term conservation policy. | UNESCO |
| Proposals for the protection of the Minaret and its environs are under scientific discussion. | UNESCO |
| They would seek to monitor erosion of the riverbanks adjacent to the Minaret, any further movement in the level of inclination of the monument along with any degradation in the historic fabric in general, and mitigate any adverse observations with appropriate programs of stabilization and conservation measures where necessary. | UNESCO |