Occurrence of Attributes in Original Text
The text related to the cultural heritage 'Mesa Verde National Park' has mentioned 'Park' in the following places:
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| Mesa Verde National ParkIUCN category II (national park)Mesa Verde from the northeast, May 2007Location in ColoradoShow map of ColoradoLocation in the United StatesShow map of the United StatesLocationMontezuma County, Colorado,United States,North AmericaNearestxc2xa0cityCortez, ColoradoCoordinates37xc2xb011xe2x80xb202xe2x80xb3N 108xc2xb029xe2x80xb219xe2x80xb3Wxefxbbxbf / xefxbbxbf37.183784xc2xb0N 108.488687xc2xb0Wxefxbbxbf / 37.183784; -108.488687Coordinates: 37xc2xb011xe2x80xb202xe2x80xb3N 108xc2xb029xe2x80xb219xe2x80xb3Wxefxbbxbf / xefxbbxbf37.183784xc2xb0N 108.488687xc2xb0Wxefxbbxbf / 37.183784; -108.488687Area52,485 acres (212.40xc2xa0km2)EstablishedJunexc2xa029,xc2xa01906xc2xa0(1906-06-29)Visitors563,420 (inxc2xa02018)[1]Governingxc2xa0bodyNational Park ServiceWebsiteMesa Verde National Park UNESCO World Heritage SiteTypeCulturalCriteriaiiiDesignated1978 (2nd session)Referencexc2xa0no.27State PartyUnited StatesRegionEurope and North America U.S. National Register of Historic PlacesDesignatedOctober 15, 1966Referencexc2xa0no.66000251 | WIKI |
| The park protects some of the best-preserved Ancestral Puebloan archaeological sites in the United States. | WIKI |
| Established by Congress and President Theodore Roosevelt in 1906, the park occupies 52,485 acres (21,240xc2xa0ha) near the Four Corners region of the American Southwest. | WIKI |
| They built the mesa's first pueblos sometime after 650, and by the end of the 12th century, they began to construct the massive cliff dwellings for which the park is best known. | WIKI |
| Contents 1 Inhabitants 1.1 Paleo-Indians 1.2 Archaic 1.3 Basketmaker culture 1.4 Ancestral Puebloans 1.4.1 Pueblo I: 750 to 900 1.4.2 Pueblo II: 900 to 1150 1.4.3 Pueblo III: 1150 to 1300 1.4.4 Warfare 1.4.5 Migration 1.4.6 Organization 1.4.7 Architecture 1.4.8 Astronomy 1.4.9 Agriculture and water-control systems 1.4.10 Hunting and foraging 1.4.11 Pottery 1.4.12 Rock art and murals 2 Climate 3 Anthropogenic ecology and geography 4 Geology 5 Rediscovery 5.1 Wetherills 5.2 Gustaf Nordenskixc3xb6ld 6 National park 6.1 Excavation and protection 6.2 Conflicts with local tribes 6.3 Services 6.4 Wildfires and culturally modified trees 6.5 Ute Mountain Tribal Park 7 Key sites 7.1 Balcony House 7.2 Cliff Palace 7.3 Long House 7.4 Mug, Oak Tree, Spruce Tree, and Square Tower houses 8 See also 9 References 10 External links | WIKI |
| Section view of Kiva A in Mesa Verde's Fire Temple, cut from laser scan data collected by a CyArk/National Park Service partnership. | WIKI |
| Climate data for Mesa Verde Park Headquarters. | WIKI |
| This resulted in Mesa Verde National Park elevations ranging from about 6,000 to 8,572 feet (1,829 to 2,613xc2xa0m), the highest elevation at Park Point. | WIKI |
| The terrain in the park is now a transition zone between the low desert plateaus and the Rocky Mountains. | WIKI |
| The park is made up of several smaller cuestas located between canyons. | WIKI |
| The first is the Point Lookout Sandstone, which is named for the Point Lookout feature in the park (elevation 8427 feet). | WIKI |
| Park map | WIKI |
| [120][124][114] Former Mesa Verde National Park superintendent Robert Heyder communicated his belief that the park might have been far more significant with the hundreds of artifacts taken by Nordenskixc3xb6ld. | WIKI |
| [128] The park was an effort to "preserve the works of man" and was the first park created to protect a location of cultural significance. | WIKI |
| [123] The park was named with the Spanish term for green table because of its forests of juniper and pixc3xb1on trees. | WIKI |
| In 1966, as with all historical areas administered by the National Park Service, Mesa Verde was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, and in 1987, the Mesa Verde Administrative District was listed on the register. | WIKI |
| Clashes between non-Indigenous environmentalists and local tribes surrounding the ruins at Mesa Verde began even before the park's official establishment. | WIKI |
| Conflicts over who laid claim to the land surrounding the ruins came to fruition in 1911, when the US government wanted to secure more land for the park that was owned by the Ute Indians. | WIKI |
| The Utes continued to battle the Bureau of Indian Affairs to prevent more Ute land from being incorporated into the park. | WIKI |
| Other issues unrelated to land disputes emerged as a result of park activities. | WIKI |
| In the 1920s, the park began offering "Indian ceremony" performances that gained popularity among visiting tourists; however, the ceremonies did not actually reflect the rites of the Ancient Puebloans who lived in the cliff dwellings nor the rites of the modern Ute. | WIKI |
| In addition to the inaccuracy of the ceremonies, a question of whether Navajo dancers were paid fairly also resulted in questions regarding the lack of local American Indians being employed in other capacities in the park. | WIKI |
| Additionally, the park offered little financial benefits to the Ute Mountain Ute despite their land swap making much of the park possible. | WIKI |
| Park Ranger leading a tour at Mesa Verde National Park | WIKI |
| [137] The park covers 52,485 acres (21,240xc2xa0ha)[138] It contains 4,372 documented sites, including more than 600 cliff dwellings. | WIKI |
| [129] The park initiated the Archaeological Site Conservation Program in 1995. | WIKI |
| The Mesa Verde Visitor and Research Center is located just off of Highway 160 and is before the park entrance booths. | WIKI |
| Because of this all law enforcement, emergency medical service, and wildland/structural fire duties are conducted by federal National Park Service Law Enforcement Rangers. | WIKI |
| [141] Access to park facilities vary by season. | WIKI |
| The park offers hiking trails, a campground, and, during peak season, facilities for food, fuel, and lodging; these are unavailable in the winter. | WIKI |
| The park's early administrative buildings, located on Chapin Mesa, form an architecturally significant complex of buildings. | WIKI |
| Built in the 1920s, the Mesa Verde administrative complex was one of the first examples of the Park Service using culturally appropriate design in the development of park facilities. | WIKI |
| During the years 1996 to 2003, the park suffered from several wildfires. | WIKI |
| [144] The fires, many of which were started by lightning during times of drought, burned 28,340 acres (11,470xc2xa0ha) of forest, more than half the park. | WIKI |
| The fires also damaged many archaeological sites and park buildings. | WIKI |
| The Chapin V and Pony fires destroyed two rock art sites, and the Long Mesa fire nearly destroyed the museum xe2x80x93 the first one ever built in the National Park System xe2x80x93 and Spruce Tree House, the third largest cliff dwelling in the park. | WIKI |
| Prior to the fires of 1996 to 2003, archaeologists had surveyed approximately ninety percent of the park. | WIKI |
| Ute Mountain Tribal Park[edit] | WIKI |
| Main article: Ute Mountain Tribal Park | WIKI |
| The Ute Mountain Tribal Park, adjoining Mesa Verde National Park to the east of the mountains, is approximately 125,000 acres (51,000xc2xa0ha) along the Mancos River. | WIKI |
| Hundreds of surface sites, cliff dwellings, petroglyphs, and wall paintings of Ancestral Puebloan and Ute cultures are preserved in the park. | WIKI |
| Native American Ute tour guides provide background information about the people, culture, and history of the park lands. | WIKI |
| [151][152] It was officially excavated in 1910 by Jesse L. Nusbaum, who was the first National Park Service Archeologist and one of the first Superintendents of Mesa Verde National Park. | WIKI |
| Mesa Verde National Park was established by an Act of Congress in 1906, before the existence of the National Park Service itself, and was the first archaeological area in the world to be recognized and protected in this way. | UNESCO |
| Park staff consults regularly on interpretive materials, research and preservation of archaeological resources, and proposed construction plans with representatives from 26 culturally affiliated and traditionally associated Native American tribes and pueblos who consider Mesa Verde their ancestral home. | UNESCO |