Occurrence of Attributes in Original Text
The text related to the cultural heritage 'Macquarie Island' has mentioned 'Island' in the following places:
| Occurrence Sentence | Text Source |
|---|---|
| Sub-Antarctic island of Australia | WIKI |
| Macquarie Island is an island in the southwestern Pacific Ocean, about halfway between New Zealand and Antarctica. | WIKI |
| [2] The island is home to the entire royal penguin population during their annual nesting season. | WIKI |
| Ecologically, the island is part of the Antipodes Subantarctic Islands tundra ecoregion. | WIKI |
| Since 1948, the Australian Antarctic Division (AAD) has maintained a permanent base, the Macquarie Island Station, on the isthmus at the northern end of the island at the foot of Wireless Hill. | WIKI |
| The population of the base, constituting the island's only human inhabitants, usually varies from 20 to 40 people over the year. | WIKI |
| In September 2016, the Australian Antarctic Division said it would close its research station on the island in 2017. | WIKI |
| Frederick Hasselborough, an Australian, discovered the uninhabited island on 11 July 1810 when looking for new sealing grounds. | WIKI |
| The island was named for Colonel Lachlan Macquarie, Governor of New South Wales from 1810 to 1821. | WIKI |
| Hasselborough reported a wreck "of ancient design", which has given rise to speculation that the island may have been visited before by Polynesians or others. | WIKI |
| [6] The conditions on the island and the surrounding seas were considered so harsh that a plan to use it as a penal settlement was rejected. | WIKI |
| Joseph Underwood sent the ships Elizabeth and Mary to the island to rescue the remaining crew. | WIKI |
| Bellingshausen landed on the island on 28 November 1820, defined its geographical position and traded his rum and food for the island's fauna with the sealers. | WIKI |
| In 1877, the crew of the schooner Bencleugh was shipwrecked on the island for four months; folklore says they came to believe there was hidden treasure on the island. | WIKI |
| [7] The ship's owner, John Sen Inches Thomson, wrote a book on his sea travels, including his time on the island. | WIKI |
| On 17 June 1890, the island was transferred from New South Wales to Tasmania; while Tasmania immediately requested it then be transferred to New Zealand, this was not done. | WIKI |
| The Tasmanian Government then leased the island to Joseph Hatch (1837xe2x80x931928) between 1902 and 1920 for his oil industry based on harvesting penguins. | WIKI |
| Between 1911 and 1914, the island became a base for the Australasian Antarctic Expedition under Sir Douglas Mawson. | WIKI |
| In 1933, the authorities declared the island a wildlife sanctuary under the Tasmanian Animals and Birds Protection Act 1928, and in 1972 it was made a State Reserve under the Tasmanian National Parks and Wildlife Act 1970. | WIKI |
| The island had status as a biosphere reserve under the Man and the Biosphere Programme from 1977 until its withdrawal from the programme in 2011. | WIKI |
| On 23 December 2004, an earthquake measuring 8.1 on the moment magnitude scale rocked the island but caused no significant damage. | WIKI |
| In 2018, the Australian Antarctic Division published a map showing the island's buildings with confirmed or suspected asbestos contamination; at least half the island's structures are at least suspected of containing asbestos. | WIKI |
| During the 2020-2021 edition of the Vendxc3xa9e Globe round the world ocean race, Frenchman Louis Burton aboard Bureau Vallxc3xa9e 2 made a stop in the lee of the island to climb his mast for essential repairs caused by an autopilot failure some days prior. | WIKI |
| [4] The island consists of plateaus at north and south ends, each of 150xe2x80x93200xc2xa0m (490xe2x80x93660xc2xa0ft) elevation, joined by a low, narrow isthmus. | WIKI |
| The island is almost equidistant between the island of Tasmania and the Antarctic continent's Anderson Peninsula (about 1,500xc2xa0km (930xc2xa0mi) to either point). | WIKI |
| In addition, Macquarie Island is about 630xc2xa0km (390xc2xa0mi) south-east of Auckland Island, and 1,300xc2xa0km (810xc2xa0mi) north of the Balleny Islands. | WIKI |
| In the 19th century a phantom island named "Emerald Island" was believed to lie south of Macquarie Island. | WIKI |
| The island lies close to the edge of the submerged microcontinent of Zealandia, but is not regarded as part of it, because the Macquarie Ridge is oceanic crust rather than continental crust. | WIKI |
| Due to its cool summers, the island has a tundra climate under the Kxc3xb6ppen climate classification. | WIKI |
| The island has five principal vegetation formations: grassland, herbfield, fen, bog and feldmark. | WIKI |
| Mammals found on the island include subantarctic fur seals, Antarctic fur seals, New Zealand fur seals and southern elephant sealsxc2xa0xe2x80x93 over 80,000 individuals of this species. | WIKI |
| The island has been identified by BirdLife International as an Important Bird Area because it supports about 3.5 million breeding seabirds of 13 species. | WIKI |
| The island ecology was affected by the onset of European visits in 1810. | WIKI |
| The island's fur seals, elephant seals and penguins were killed for fur and blubber. | WIKI |
| In about 1870, rabbits and a species of New Zealand rail (wekas) were left on the island by sealers to breed for food. | WIKI |
| The feral cats introduced to the island have had a devastating effect on the native seabird population, with an estimated annual loss of 60,000 seabirds. | WIKI |
| In September 2006 a large landslip at Lusitania Bay, on the eastern side of the island, partially destroyed an important penguin breeding colony. | WIKI |
| Research by Australian Antarctic Division scientists, published in the 13 January 2009 issue of the British Ecological Society's Journal of Applied Ecology, suggested that the success of the feral cat eradication program has allowed the rabbit population to increase, damaging the Macquarie Island ecosystem by altering significant areas of island vegetation. | WIKI |
| [34] The plan, estimated to cost $24 million Australian dollars, was based on mass baiting the island similar to an eradication program on Campbell Island, New Zealand,[35] to be followed with teams of dogs trained by Steve Austin[36] over a maximum seven-year period. | WIKI |
| In February 2012, The Australian newspaper reported that rabbits, rats and mice had been nearly eradicated from the island. | WIKI |
| [41] This achievement was the largest successful island pest-eradication program attempted to that date. | WIKI |
| The main island is approximately 34 kilometres long and 5.5 kilometres wide at its broadest point, covering an area of approximately 12,785 hectares. | UNESCO |
| The island lies in latitudes known as the xe2x80x98Furious Fiftiesxe2x80x99 because of the frequency of very strong winds and stormy seas, which have sculpted the island. | UNESCO |
| The continual westerly winds, which increase in force as they rise over the barrier of the island, and changes in topography result in dramatic changes in the vegetation cover which can vary from lush grassland to sparse feldmark within the space of a few metres. | UNESCO |
| Among the most aesthetically appealing features of the island are the vast congregations of wildlife, particularly penguins, during the breeding season. | UNESCO |
| The island is the exposed crest of the undersea Macquarie Ridge, raised to its present position where the Indo-Australian tectonic plate meets the Pacific plate. | UNESCO |
| The geological evolution of Macquarie Island began 10 million years ago and continues today with the island experiencing earthquakes and a rapid rate of uplift, all of which are related to active geological processes along the boundary between the two plates. | UNESCO |
| The geology of the island is therefore considered to be the connecting link between the ophiolites of continental environments and those located within the oceanic crust. | UNESCO |
| Some of these programmes have resulted in very rapid changes, including the eradication of feral cats and wekas from the island. | UNESCO |