Occurrence of Attributes in Original Text
The text related to the cultural heritage 'Historical Centre of the City of Yaroslavl' has mentioned 'Yaroslavl' in the following places:
| Occurrence Sentence | Text Source |
|---|---|
| For other places with the same name, see Yaroslavl (inhabited locality). | WIKI |
| For the Sakhalin Shipping Company's steamship, see SS Yaroslavl. | WIKI |
| Yaroslavl xd0xafxd1x80xd0xbexd1x81xd0xbbxd0xb0xd0xb2xd0xbbxd1x8cCity[1]Clockwise, from top right: St. Alexander Nevsky's Chapel, St. John the Baptist's Church, Strelka Park from Volga Embankment, Znamenskaya Tower, Volkov Theater, St. Elijah the Prophet's Church FlagCoat of armsLocation of Yaroslavl YaroslavlLocation of YaroslavlShow map of Yaroslavl OblastYaroslavlYaroslavl (European Russia)Show map of European RussiaYaroslavlYaroslavl (Europe)Show map of EuropeCoordinates: 57xc2xb037xe2x80xb2N 39xc2xb051xe2x80xb2Exefxbbxbf / xefxbbxbf57.617xc2xb0N 39.850xc2xb0Exefxbbxbf / 57.617; 39.850Coordinates: 57xc2xb037xe2x80xb2N 39xc2xb051xe2x80xb2Exefxbbxbf / xefxbbxbf57.617xc2xb0N 39.850xc2xb0Exefxbbxbf / 57.617; 39.850CountryRussiaFederal subjectYaroslavl Oblast[1]Founded1010[2]Governmentxc2xa0xe2x80xa2xc2xa0BodyYaroslavl City Duma[3]xc2xa0xe2x80xa2xc2xa0Mayor[3]Vladimir Volkov (acting)Area[4]xc2xa0xe2x80xa2xc2xa0Total205.80xc2xa0km2 (79.46xc2xa0sqxc2xa0mi)Elevation100xc2xa0m (300xc2xa0ft)Populationxc2xa0(2010xc2xa0Census)[5]xc2xa0xe2x80xa2xc2xa0Total591,486xc2xa0xe2x80xa2xc2xa0Estimatexc2xa0(2018)[6]608,722 (+2.9%)xc2xa0xe2x80xa2xc2xa0Rank23rd in 2010xc2xa0xe2x80xa2xc2xa0Density2,900/km2 (7,400/sqxc2xa0mi)Administrative statusxc2xa0xe2x80xa2xc2xa0Subordinated tocity of oblast significance of Yaroslavl[1]xc2xa0xe2x80xa2xc2xa0Capital ofYaroslavl Oblast[1], Yaroslavsky District[1]Municipal statusxc2xa0xe2x80xa2xc2xa0Urban okrugYaroslavl Urban Okrug[7]xc2xa0xe2x80xa2xc2xa0Capital ofYaroslavl Urban Okrug[7], Yaroslavsky Municipal DistrictTime zoneUTC+3 (MSKxc2xa0[8])Postal code(s)[9]150000xe2x80x94150066Dialing code(s)+7xc2xa04852[10]OKTMO ID78701000001Websitecity-yaroslavl.ru | WIKI |
| Yaroslavl (Russian: xd0xafxd1x80xd0xbexd1x81xd0xbbxc3xa1xd0xb2xd0xbbxd1x8c, IPA:xc2xa0[jxc9xaarxc9x90xcbx88sxc9xabavlxcaxb2]) is a city and the administrative center of Yaroslavl Oblast, Russia, located 250 kilometers (160xc2xa0mi) northeast of Moscow. | WIKI |
| Contents 1 Geography 1.1 Location 1.2 Climate 2 History 2.1 Early Yaroslavl 2.2 Foundation of the city 2.3 16th century and the Time of Troubles 2.4 Trading post and government center 2.5 20th century and millennium 3 Symbols 4 Politics 5 Economics 6 Administrative and municipal status 6.1 City divisions 7 Travel and culture 7.1 Architecture 7.1.1 Old town 7.2 Theater and cinema 7.3 Global Policy Forum 8 Education 9 Transportation 9.1 Automotive transport 9.2 Railway 9.3 Air transport 9.4 Water transport 9.5 Public transportation 10 Sports 11 Notable people 12 Twin towns xe2x80x93 sister cities 13 References 13.1 Notes 13.2 Sources 14 Further reading 15 External links | WIKI |
| The historic center of Yaroslavl lies to the north of the mouth of the Kotorosl River on the right bank of the larger Volga River. | WIKI |
| With nearly 600,000 residents, Yaroslavl is, by population, the largest town on the Volga until it reaches Nizhny Novgorod. | WIKI |
| Many of the roads that connect Yaroslavl to Moscow and beyond are two-lane highways. | WIKI |
| Yaroslavl and its respective oblast are located in the central area of the East European Plain, which in areas to the northeast of Moscow is characterized by rolling hills and a generally uneven landscape; however, most of these hills are no larger than 200 meters (660xc2xa0ft) in height. | WIKI |
| Typical for this region, the area in and around Yaroslavl is rich in mixed and coniferous forests. | WIKI |
| A completely frozen Volga River in Yaroslavl (winter 2006) | WIKI |
| Yaroslavl and its local area have a typical temperate continental climate, in comparison to central and western Europe. | WIKI |
| The winter weather in Yaroslavl begins in about November and usually goes on for five months, into spring. | WIKI |
| [12] On the other hand, Yaroslavl can also experience positive temperatures during this time of the year (for example, in 1932, when a thaw lasted for seventeen days of January[13]). | WIKI |
| Summers in Yaroslavl are typically wet with some heavy rainstorms. | WIKI |
| The following figures for precipitation and temperature values in Yaroslavl have been collated on the basis of data from the years 1961xe2x80x931990. | WIKI |
| Climate data for Yaroslavl, Russia (1961xe2x80x931990) Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Average high xc2xb0C (xc2xb0F) xe2x88x928.2(17.2) xe2x88x925.8(21.6) 0.1(32.2) 9.0(48.2) 17.8(64.0) 21.4(70.5) 23.3(73.9) 21.5(70.7) 14.9(58.8) 7.2(45.0) xe2x88x920.2(31.6) xe2x88x925.2(22.6) 8.0(46.4) Daily mean xc2xb0C (xc2xb0F) xe2x88x9212.0(10.4) xe2x88x9210.0(14.0) xe2x88x924.3(24.3) 4.5(40.1) 12.0(53.6) 15.7(60.3) 17.9(64.2) 16.1(61.0) 10.4(50.7) 4.1(39.4) xe2x88x922.7(27.1) xe2x88x928.4(16.9) 3.6(38.5) Average low xc2xb0C (xc2xb0F) xe2x88x9215.8(3.6) xe2x88x9214.2(6.4) xe2x88x928.6(16.5) 0.0(32.0) 6.2(43.2) 10.1(50.2) 12.5(54.5) 10.7(51.3) 5.9(42.6) 0.9(33.6) xe2x88x925.2(22.6) xe2x88x9211.6(11.1) xe2x88x920.8(30.6) Average precipitation mm (inches) 37(1.5) 27(1.1) 26(1.0) 40(1.6) 52(2.0) 65(2.6) 84(3.3) 64(2.5) 55(2.2) 52(2.0) 46(1.8) 43(1.7) 591(23.3) Source: [14] | WIKI |
| Preceded by Viking sites such as Timerevo from the 8th or 9th centuries, the city of Yaroslavl is said to have been founded in 1010 as an outpost of the Principality of Rostov Veliky, and was first mentioned in 1071. | WIKI |
| [citation needed] Capital of an independent Principality of Yaroslavl from 1218, it was incorporated into the Grand Duchy of Moscow in 1463. | WIKI |
| Today, Yaroslavl is an important industrial center (petrochemical plant, tire manufacturing plant, diesel engines plant and many others). | WIKI |
| Early Yaroslavl[edit] | WIKI |
| In the 9th century the so-called Russian Khanate formed, near Yaroslavl, a large Scandinavian-Slavic settlement in Timerevo. | WIKI |
| [18] Soon after the founding of Yaroslavl, the settlement went into decline, probably in connection with the termination of the operation of the Volga trade route. | WIKI |
| Based on its earliest date of foundation, Yaroslavl is the oldest of all the existing towns on the Volga. | WIKI |
| [21][22] Yaroslavl was founded by Yaroslav the Wise, a prince of Kievan Rus', during the period of his ruling the Principality of Rostov (988xe2x80x941010) when he stepped ashore for the first time near the area now known as 'Strelka.' | WIKI |
| On this spot, which was well protected from attack by the high, steep banks of the Volga, Kotorosl and Medveditsa rivers, Yaroslavl and his men began to set about building the first Yaroslavl Kremlin. | WIKI |
| The first recorded event of Yaroslavl occurred as a result of famine; it was recorded as the Rostov Uprising of 1071. | WIKI |
| By the 12th century, the Petropavlovsky and Spaso-Preobrazhensky monasteries of Yaroslavl had already been developed. | WIKI |
| During its first two centuries, Yaroslavl remained a minor fortified city of the Rostov-Suzdal lands. | WIKI |
| From the beginning of the thirteenth century, Yaroslavl was ruled by the lordship of Konstantin and became one of his primary residences. | WIKI |
| The son ruled it as the Principality of Yaroslavl. | WIKI |
| This principality, of which Yaroslavl became the capital, included a number of territories to the north and operated independently until its eventual absorption in 1463 into the Principality of Moscow. | WIKI |
| During the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, Yaroslavl was a city largely built from wood, as a result of which it often found itself plagued by disastrous fires, which in some cases almost destroyed the entire city, a good example of which would be that which took place just before the transfer of power in the city to Vsevolod on 1221. | WIKI |
| A particularly successful attack took place in 1257, when troops from the Golden Horde under Mxc3xb6ngke Khan overran the Principality of Yaroslavl and murdered both the larger population of the area and the prince's close family. | WIKI |
| In 1293 and 1322 there were further disastrous attacks on Yaroslavl launched by the Golden Horde, and in 1278[24] and 1364 the Plague struck. | WIKI |
| [25] On many an occasion Yaroslavl had to be completely rebuilt, both in terms of residential buildings which no longer exist, to those larger more permanent structures which remain to this day, such as the Spaso-Preobrazhensky Monastery and 1314 Monastery of Maria of Tolga, which is located on the left bank of the Volga. | WIKI |
| In 1463 the Principality of Yaroslavl was finally absorbed into the Grand-duchy of Moscow, with the area it once covered becoming an oblast within the new structure of the Muscovite state. | WIKI |
| A Crucession in Yaroslavl, painted in 1863 | WIKI |
| Even in the 16th century Yaroslavl continued to suffer from large scale fires and the damage they did to the city's developing economy and infrastructure. | WIKI |
| As a result, the age old tradition of building in wood was abandoned and a new city built of stone began to appear; unfortunately this meant that very little of the Yaroslavl of the Middle Ages remained unchanged. | WIKI |
| By the middle of the sixteenth century a number of other building works had been completed in the monastery, also, other than this, for the first time in its history, Yaroslavl gained a stone-built wall with a number of large watch towers which were intended to be used to spot attackers from miles away. | WIKI |
| During the reign of Ivan the Terrible, when all the Russian principalities gave up their traditional rights and submitted to the Tsardom of Russia, the two large monasteries of Yaroslavl profited very much from rich gifts from the court of the Tsar, largely because Ivan IV made a number of pilgrimages to Yaroslavl over the course of his life. | WIKI |
| New building works were also made affordable by a large upswing in Yaroslavl's economic fortunes which the city experienced in the middle part of the 16th century. | WIKI |
| The main reason for this largely unexpected improvement in Yaroslavl's fortunes came largely from the city's position on the Volga which allowed trade to be brought from and to Moscow via the river, linking the new Russian capital with the port of Archangelsk darstellte. | WIKI |
| Resultantly Yaroslavl became an important place for the conduct of international trade and a number of shipping berths and warehouses grew up around the city for the use of merchants, especially those from England and Germany. | WIKI |
| Yaroslavl used to be known as the city of many churches | WIKI |
| The economic prosperity of Yaroslavl during the late 16th century was put to an end by the unsteady years of troubles which lasted from around 1598 until 1613. | WIKI |
| Like most Russian cities of the time, Yaroslavl was devastated by famine and became a potential target city for Polish-Lithuanian troops acting in their capacity as 'interventionists' in the troubled Russian state. | WIKI |
| Resultantly this pretender won the appreciation of the powers in Yaroslavl and thus their loyalty. | WIKI |
| However, despite having promised to pay a higher rate of taxes and dues to the Polish occupiers, Yaroslavl was on numerous occasions plundered by the forces of the pretender Dmitry. | WIKI |
| Thus in early 1609 a Russian peasant army was formed to free as many of the Volga's cities as possible, including, among others, Vologda and Yaroslavl. | WIKI |
| In May 1609, another Polish army under the command of Aleksander Jxc3xb3zef Lisowski tried to bring the strategically important city of Yaroslavl under the power of the invaders. | WIKI |
| Yet even when Lisowski successfully (through deceit) managed to get behind this wall, he found that the citizens of Yaroslavl had retreated into their ancient wooden Kremlin and the two stone-built monasteries. | WIKI |
| The ensuing siege of Yaroslavl lasted until 22 May, but despite constant attempts to take the city, the Poles had to return to Moscow having not fulfilled their duty to bring Yaroslavl under direct control of their command. | WIKI |
| Minin and Pozharsky, whilst on their way to relieve Moscow, made Yaroslavl their base and thus de facto capital of Russia for two months in 1612 | WIKI |
| Despite their failure at Yaroslavl, Polish forces remained in control of Moscow, and despite an attempt in 1610 by the Russian peasants' army to unseat the Poles from the Moscow Kremlin, little was accomplished and their seemed no end in sight for the occupation of the Russian tsardom. | WIKI |
| One year later however Kuzma Minin and Prince Dmitry Pozharsky founded yet another peasants' army in Nizhny Novgorod, that on the way to Moscow, found itself stationed in Yaroslavl for many months. | WIKI |
| In this time from April to June 1612 Yaroslavl became the de facto capital of the Russian state, since in this place the most important matters of state were settled until the eventual liberation of Moscow came. | WIKI |
| After its time in Yaroslavl the peasants' army moved on towards Moscow, and with thanks to the rest and help they had received voluntarily from the people of Yaroslavl, the army was able to liberate Moscow and finally put an end to the Polish-Lithuanian 'intervention' in the affairs of the Russian state. | WIKI |
| Yaroslavl's Volkov Square as it would have appeared before the reconstruction of the Volkov Theater in the early 1900s | WIKI |
| With the general economic revival of the Russian state's economy after the end of the Troubles, Yaroslavl continued to be an important trading post and retained its place on the route of numerous traditional trading routes from the West to East and vice versa. | WIKI |
| Other trades for which Yaroslavl became a center over the years were in the production of textiles, cosmetics (fragrances) and silver work. | WIKI |
| As a result of the prosperity enjoyed by the city, Yaroslavl saw a huge expansion in the size of its population over the course of the 17th century, and by the end of this century, the town had a population of around 15,000 people,[27] making it the second largest city of the Russian Tsardom after Moscow. | WIKI |
| The living quarters and work place for employees of Yaroslavl's first major industrial enterprise, the city's textiles plant | WIKI |
| In 1658, Yaroslavl endured a disastrous fire which destroyed most of the city's few remaining wooden buildings, including the ancient Kremlin. | WIKI |
| At the beginning of the 18th century Yaroslavl finally began to transform itself from a trading post into a major industrial town; this largely came about because with the foundation by Peter the Great of Saint Petersburg in 1703, the importance of Arkhangelsk as a port on the Northern Ocean was drastically decreased, and the amount of trade being channeled through the city for export fell accordingly. | WIKI |
| Luckily, the wealth which Yaroslavl had amassed over its many years as an important trading post allowed it to invest great amounts of money into the development of the city's new industrial base, and thus make the city very attractive to new investors. | WIKI |
| This plant was not only Yaroslavl's first major industrial enterprise, but also one of Russia's largest textiles producers. | WIKI |
| In addition to the rise in textile manufacturing, Yaroslavl's traditional position as a center for skilled leatherwork remained unchanged. | WIKI |
| In the 1770s, as a result of the city's economic development and ever rising population, the city became a major provincial center, thus in the course of the Russian Empire's administrative reforms under Catherine the Great Yaroslavl, in 1777, became the center of its own governorate, and in 1778 received its own grant of arms. | WIKI |
| As an administrative center of the highest order, Yaroslavl, in 1778, received its own plan for urban development specially drawn out by Ivan Starov. | WIKI |
| For Yaroslavl the 19th meant a period of intensive building work, infrastructural development and industrialization. | WIKI |
| In 1860 Yaroslavl was finally connected, through Moscow, via telegraph to the other major cities of Russia, and this was then soon followed, in 1870, by the building of Yaroslavl's first railway station[29] and inauguration of Yaroslavl-Moscow railway. | WIKI |
| Just before the end of the 19th century in 1897, Yaroslavl had a recorded population of around 71,600 people. | WIKI |
| Nicholas II in Yaroslavl for the 300th anniversary of the House of Romanov. | WIKI |
| Right up until the beginning of the First World War Yaroslavl remained a large industrial town with a well-developed municipal infrastructure. | WIKI |
| The Yaroslavl Rebellion, which lasted from 6 to 21 July 1918 had particularly grave consequences. | WIKI |
| Yaroslavl's Ascension Church, which was badly damaged during the Yaroslavl uprising | WIKI |
| The economy of Yaroslavl took part in the early Soviet Union's program of accelerated industrialization. | WIKI |
| Milestones for this period include the opening of the city's first municipal power plant in 1926, the beginning of Synthetic rubber mass production in factory SK-1, the reestablishment of domestic production facilities for the production of automobile and aircraft tires in the 1928-founded Yaroslavl Tyre Factory, and the opening of the rubber-asbestos combined works in 1933. | WIKI |
| In addition to all this, the Yaroslavl Automobile Works (founded 1916) continued to produce vehicles, including a number for the municipal transport administration of Moscow, well into the 1930s. | WIKI |
| During the years of World War II, Yaroslavl managed to escape the prospect of a German occupation of the city, since the Wehrmacht did not manage to break through the Soviet defense lines surrounding Moscow. | WIKI |
| However, due to its location as a large transportation hub, and since the 1913-built railway bridge over the Volga in Yaroslavl was the only point at which to cross the river, the city became a major target for air raids during 1942xe2x80x931943. | WIKI |
| Overall about 200,000 people from the Yaroslavl area died on the fronts during World War II. | WIKI |
| Red Square with its Lenin monument in Soviet-era Yaroslavl. | WIKI |
| During the Blockade of Leningrad a great number of children, who were brought over the frozen Lake Ladoga (the so-called Road of life) were evacuated to a safer new life in Yaroslavl. | WIKI |
| Yaroslavl was at the time also home to a camp for military prisoners of war 'Camp No. | WIKI |
| In the second half of the century, the industrialization and development of the city took the foremost position in Yaroslavl's history. | WIKI |
| A Russian postage stamp celebrating the millennium of Yaroslavl | WIKI |
| In July 2005 Yaroslavl's historic city center was inscribed onto the list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites. | WIKI |
| [34] In the same year, the preparations for the celebration of the millennium of Yaroslavl's foundation began; this was finally celebrated on the second weekend in September 2010. | WIKI |
| Also in August 2008, the newly built Yaroslavl Zoo was opened; this was then expanded further in 2010. | WIKI |
| In 2009, Yaroslavl became a meeting place for global policy debates within the International Conference 'The Modern State and Global Security'. | WIKI |
| The conference in Yaroslavl gathered the most authoritative representatives of political science, business community as well as the representatives of the governments of a number of different states. | WIKI |
| In 2010, Russian officials gathered together international authorities in Yaroslavl to discuss the challenges facing the modern state at the Global Policy Forum for 'The Modern State: Standards of Democracy and Criteria of Efficiency'. | WIKI |
| In 2011 Yaroslavl will bring together participants from all over the world to discuss the 2011 agenda: 'The modern state in the age of social diversity'. | WIKI |
| On Septemberxc2xa07, 2011, most of the members of the city's KHL (ice hockey) team, Lokomotiv Yaroslavl, perished in the Lokomotiv Yaroslavl plane crash on takeoff from Yaroslavl's Tunoshna Airport. | WIKI |
| Yaroslavl's founder's monument and coat of arms are depicted on the front of the 1000 rouble note.Whilst the city's St. John the Baptist Church is on the reverse. | WIKI |
| Yaroslavl currently has a coat of arms and a flag which are both made up of two heraldic symbols. | WIKI |
| The first coat of arms of Yaroslavl[36] was officially granted on Augustxc2xa031, 1778. | WIKI |
| After the abolition of the Tsarist municipal and provincial symbols by the newly installed Soviet administration in Yaroslavl, the city received no new official symbols, and thus the situation remained until the end of the twentieth century. | WIKI |
| The flag of Yaroslavl[37] was adopted on Mayxc2xa022, 1996. | WIKI |
| Yevgeny Urlashov, former Mayor of Yaroslavl | WIKI |
| The local government of Yaroslavl consists of the Mayoralty, the head of which is the mayor, and the Municipal Council, the members of which may cast votes at council meetings. | WIKI |
| Yaroslavl Shipyard, Komatsu (along Kaluga Krasnodar Sankt Petersburg, Moscow area 2 - 3 sites, Kemerovo Oblast) YaMZ Takeda Pharmaceutical Company R-Pharma other various industry manufacturing | WIKI |
| Yaroslavl serves as the administrative center of the oblast and, within the framework of administrative divisions, it also serves as the administrative center of Yaroslavsky District, even though it is not a part of it. | WIKI |
| [1] As a municipal division, the city of oblast significance of Yaroslavl is incorporated as Yaroslavl Urban Okrug. | WIKI |
| Yaroslavl is divided into six city districts. | WIKI |
| Krasnoperekopsky City District is one of the oldest parts in Yaroslavl. | WIKI |
| Before the 1917 Revolution, it was home to the bulk of Yaroslavl's industry, and a good deal of industry remains today. | WIKI |
| Krasnoperekopsky City District is divided into two microdistricts, one of which is Neftestroy, an up-and-coming region, named for its proximity to Yaroslavl's oil refinery. | WIKI |
| Neftestroy is home to the newly built hockey arena, and there were plans to build an indoor football stadium there by the millennial anniversary of Yaroslavl's founding in 2010. | WIKI |
| Today, Perekop is known as one of the most dangerous areas of Yaroslavl. | WIKI |
| Much of Yaroslavl's mafia grew out of Perekop. | WIKI |
| Perekop has some of Yaroslavl's most notable churches, including the Church of Saint John the Baptist, which is located next to a paint factory on the Kotorosl embankment; and Peter and Paul's Cathedral, a Protestant-style Orthodox church. | WIKI |
| The 17th-century churches of Yaroslavl are renowned for their magisterial proportions and elaborate frescoes | WIKI |
| Dzerzhinsky City District's core microdistrict is Bragino, named after a small village that was eventually consumed by Yaroslavl's post-war expansion. | WIKI |
| Bragino is the largest area in Yaroslavl in terms of population, but like Frunzensky City District, it is largely a residential area, mostly consisting of middle- to lower-middle income families. | WIKI |
| This city district was Yaroslavl's quietest and most-rural area, but now it is one of the most dynamic parts of the city with expansive new buildings with big hypermarkets, such as "Globus" and "Real". | WIKI |
| Yaroslavl is one of the eight cities of Russia's Golden Ring, a group of touristic, historic towns around Moscow. | WIKI |
| Yaroslavl is situated on the north-eastern side of this 'ring' and is the largest city in its chain. | WIKI |
| Despite the effects of the Russian Civil War and a number of air-raids during World War II, the city of Yaroslavl has managed to retain a great deal of its 17th, 18th and 19th century urban substance. | WIKI |
| Church of Elijah the Prophet in Yaroslavl | WIKI |
| In 1787, the monastery was closed and converted into a residence of the Yaroslavl and Rostov bishops. | WIKI |
| Typical for a Russian monastery of the Middle Ages, the Spaso-Preobrazhensky Monastery in Yaroslavl was not built to be no more than a place of worship, but also to be a citadel and kremlin in case, in times of war, there was a need for such a facility. | WIKI |
| The monastery has long had a place in the history of Yaroslavl and continues, albeit nowadays as a museum, to play a role in the life of the city. | WIKI |
| The two streets which lead off Bogolavyenskaya Square to the north-west are very good examples of the type of urban planning which was formulated for Yaroslavl in the 18th and 19th centuries. | WIKI |
| Yaroslavl's Red Square does not have the same etymology as the likewise-named Red Square in Moscow (the name of which stems from the old-Russian for 'beautiful square'), rather in Yaroslavl's case, its Red Square was first so-called in the 1920s, and was officially named in honor of the Soviet Red Guards. | WIKI |
| There are a number of buildings of historical interest on Red Square, one of which is the three-story building on the square's north side which once housed Yaroslavl's 'aristocrat's meeting house' (xd0x94xd0xb2xd0xbexd1x80xd1x8fxd0xbdxd1x81xd0xbaxd0xbexd0xb5 xd1x81xd0xbexd0xb1xd1x80xd0xb0xd0xbdxd0xb8xd0xb5), and is now the main building for the city's 'Demidov' State University. | WIKI |
| To the east of the boulevard, within the borders of the former defensive earthworks, the architecturally-rich 'nucleus' of the old city is to be found; an area criss-crossed by many narrow, small streets, in the middle of which one of Yaroslavl's most well-recognized architectural monuments is to be found. | WIKI |
| From these, the oldest dated back to the foundation of Yaroslavl and the reign of Yaroslav the Wise. | WIKI |
| The frescos on the walls and ceilings were painted by around fifteen experienced artists from Yaroslavl and Kostroma around the year 1680. | WIKI |
| The square, upon which the church, with its clock tower and neighboring chapel are situated, was in the early 19th century, according to the city's urban plan, to be the central square of Yaroslavl and the place upon which markets and national holidays would take place. | WIKI |
| There are a number of major public and commercial buildings of architectural merit in the center of the city, among which are the 1785 'Governmental offices' building' (xd0x97xd0xb4xd0xb0xd0xbdxd0xb8xd0xb5 xd0xbfxd1x80xd0xb8xd1x81xd1x83xd1x82xd1x81xd1x82xd0xb2xd0xb5xd0xbdxd0xbdxd1x8bxd1x85 xd0xbcxd0xb5xd1x81xd1x82) and the Vakromeyev House, which today houses the Yaroslavl Seminary for young priests. | WIKI |
| Until the 17th century this area was occupied by the wooden Yaroslavl Kremlin and is thus referred to nowadays as 'Wooden Town' (xd0xa0xd1x83xd0xb1xd0xbbxd0xb5xd0xbdxd1x8bxd0xb9 xd0xb3xd0xbexd1x80xd0xbexd0xb4). | WIKI |
| Yaroslavl is the site of the Volkov Theater (built 1750), the oldest theater in Russia, and the Demidovsky Pillar. | WIKI |
| Yaroslavl's renowned Volkov Theater | WIKI |
| Yaroslavl has three theaters, the most famous of which is the 'Volkov Theater',[46] an institution which since 1911 has been housed in a large neoclassical building in the city's old town. | WIKI |
| Even though Volkov's original theater troop only performed in Yaroslavl for a few months before then moving to Saint Petersburg (there was no regular theater company in Yaroslavl again until the beginning of the 19th century), the town is still recognised as the spiritual home of the Russian theater and dramatics. | WIKI |
| Apart from the Volkov Theater, there are a number of other theatres in Yaroslavl, including the State Puppet Theater[47] (founded in 1927), a children's and youth theater (Yaroslavl State Theater for Young Spectators,[48] founded 1984), and the Yaroslavl Chamber Theater[49] (founded 1999). | WIKI |
| Uncommon for a provincial Russian city, Yaroslavl has a large municipal Planetarium[53] This was founded in 1948 and was situated, for a long time, in an old church. | WIKI |
| In recent years Yaroslavl have become well known for the high-level political discourse it has hosted under the auspices of the Yaroslavl Global Policy Forum. | WIKI |
| Yaroslavl was chosen to host the event due to its thousand-year history of being a meeting point for people of all cultures, a significant trading post, and its former status as Russia's second largest city, within which a great number of foreign embassies were situated. | WIKI |
| In 2011 this event became headline news in a number of countries due to the unfortunate events which led to the deaths of around forty people (players, support staff, and air crew) from Yaroslavl's 'Lokomotiv' Ice Hockey team. | WIKI |
| The main building of Yaroslavl's 'Demidov' State University | WIKI |
| Yaroslavl has a large number of educational establishments which enclose all three levels of the Russian educational system: primary (ca. | WIKI |
| In Yaroslavl one can study for both masters' and bachelors' level courses. | WIKI |
| Yaroslavl is currently home to the following state higher educational institutions: Yaroslavl 'Demidov' State University, Yaroslavl State Technical University, Ushinskiy Pedagogical University, Yaroslavl State Medical Academy, Yaroslavl State Agricultural Academy, Yaroslavl State Institute for Theatrical Studies, Military School of Finance and Economics, and the Yaroslavl Higher School for Anti-Aircraft and Missile Defence. | WIKI |
| [55] In addition to these establishments, there is also the Yaroslavl Seminary, a large establishment for the training of new Russian Orthodox priests. | WIKI |
| By the end of 2008 Yaroslavl had around 187 pre-school teaching and care groups registered within the city, within these there were around 22,700 places which were oversubscribed and thus filled by around 26,000 pre-school aged children. | WIKI |
| According to the situation in 2010 around 16,000 people are to be found working in Yaroslavl's educational sector. | WIKI |
| Yaroslavl is situated at the crossing point of a number of major automotive, rail, and riverboat routes. | WIKI |
| In the last few years the authorities of Yaroslavl have been acting on the initiative to build a bypass around the city. | WIKI |
| In August 2010, the first piece of this new bypass was opened, it included an interchange, which connects the Yubileyny Bridge with the Southwest Yaroslavl relief road. | WIKI |
| Yaroslavl Glavny, the city's main station, is a major stop for numerous passenger trains traveling between Moscow and the other regions of Russia each day. | WIKI |
| Yaroslavl is the major node of the Northern Railway (part of Russian Railways). | WIKI |
| Yaroslavl's main airport is Tunoshna International. | WIKI |
| [60][61] The Yaroslavl Air Club, which is one of Russia's oldest air clubs and where Valentina Tereshkova first began to attend flight training, is based at the Karachikha air field. | WIKI |
| Yaroslavl River Port (1985), an example of late Soviet modernism | WIKI |
| Yaroslavl River Port has an annual import average of around 3.5xc2xa0million tonnes of freight a year. | WIKI |
| [63] The river port caters not only for larger river cruise ships which stop off in the city as part of their journey up/down the Volga, but also to a number of regular services which link Yaroslavl with Breytovo, Tolga, Konstantinovo, Bakarevo, and Novye Chentsy. | WIKI |
| A modernised tram in service in Yaroslavl | WIKI |
| The Yaroslavl tram system is one of the oldest in Russia and has been in existence since 1900. | WIKI |
| While at the beginning of the 21st century, the number of tram cars used by the Yaroslavl tram system stood at around 100, this has now fallen (by 2011) to just 43. | WIKI |
| FC Shinnik Yaroslavl is an association football club based in Yaroslavl. | WIKI |
| On 7 September 2011 all players on the team were killed, when the plane in which they were travelling for their first match of the season crashed on takeoff from Yaroslavl airport. | WIKI |
| Main article: List of people from Yaroslavl | WIKI |
| Yaroslavl is twinned with:[67] | WIKI |
| The city of Yaroslavl is situated on the Volga River at its confluence with the Kotorosl River, some 250 km northeast of Moscow. | UNESCO |
| Until the 13th century, it had belonged to the territory of Rostov Principality and in 1218 it became the capital of Yaroslavl Principality. | UNESCO |
| The city of Yaroslavl started developing in 1463 when Yaroslavl Principality joined the powerful Moscow state. | UNESCO |
| The Historical Centre of the City of Yaroslavl is the oldest part and the kernel of development of one of the most ancient, rich, and well preserved Russian cities. | UNESCO |
| Solutions developed and implemented in Yaroslavl ensured preservation of the historical environment and spatial integrity in the central part of the city. | UNESCO |
| The Historical Centre of the City of Yaroslavl became a recognised model in the art of town planning during the Neoclassical Age, which has organically incorporated ancient elements of the cityxe2x80x99s historical structure. | UNESCO |
| The historical centre of Yaroslavl comprises a large number of town-planning elements representing the development of Russian architecture of the 16th to 18th centuries. | UNESCO |
| A specific and unique feature of Yaroslavl is the existence of numerous 16th- and 17th-century churches and monastic ensembles with valuable mural paintings and iconostases, which are outstanding in terms of their architecture, as dominant town-planning elements and composition centres. | UNESCO |
| The main merits of the town-planning structure and architectural face of Yaroslavl city centre are the rational approach to activation of artistic values of the past within the city system, and the subordination of further architectural constructions to them, using the contrast between picturesque ancient churches and distinctly regular, symmetrical, composed classical buildings of the later periods. | UNESCO |
| Criterion (ii): Historical Centre of the City of Yaroslavl with its 17th-century churches and its neoclassical radial urban plan and civic architecture is an outstanding example of the interchange of cultural and architectural influences between Western Europe and the Russian Empire. | UNESCO |
| Criterion (iv): Historical Centre of the City of Yaroslavl is an outstanding example of the town-planning reform ordered by Empress Catherine The Great in the whole of Russia, implemented between 1763 and 1830. | UNESCO |
| In addition, among the most important architectural objects of the centre of Yaroslavl are the Spaso Preobrazhensky monastery founded in the 12th century with walls and towers of the 16th to19th centuries, and the 17th-century Church of the Epiphany. | UNESCO |
| On the other hand, in Yaroslavl, out of some 80 churches and chapels, 56 have survived intact. | UNESCO |
| The state management system of the property comprises the federal level represented by the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation, the regional level represented by the Government of the Yaroslavl Region (Department of Culture of the Yaroslavl Region), and the municipal level represented by the Administration of the City of Yaroslavl (Department of Architecture and Development of Territories of the City of Yaroslavl). | UNESCO |
| 73-FZ xe2x80x9cOn Cultural Heritage Properties (Monuments of History and Culture) of the Peoples of the Russian Federationxe2x80x9d; the Master Plan of the City of Yaroslavl (approved by the Decision of the Municipality of Yaroslavl of 6 April 2006, No. | UNESCO |
| 226); the Decision of the Government of the Yaroslavl Region of 22 June 2011, No. | UNESCO |
| 456-p xe2x80x9cOn approval of the project on protected zones of the cultural heritage properties (monuments of history and culture) of the City of Yaroslavlxe2x80x9d (the Project comprises the description of the territory of the Historic Centre of the City of Yaroslavl with its buffer zone and regulations within the named territories); the Order of the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation of 17 October 2012, xe2x80x9cOn the approval of the object of protection of the cultural heritage property of federal importance xe2x80x9cHistorical Centre of the City of Yaroslavlxe2x80x9d and othersxe2x80x9d. | UNESCO |
| The Historical Centre of the City of Yaroslavl is included in the List of heritage properties of federal importance, which is managed by the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation. | UNESCO |