Occurrence of Attributes in Original Text
The text related to the cultural heritage 'Historic Centre of Vienna' has mentioned 'Vienna' in the following places:
| Occurrence Sentence | Text Source |
|---|---|
| For other uses, see Vienna (disambiguation). | WIKI |
| Vienna Wienxc2xa0xc2xa0(German)Capital city and stateFrom top, left to right: Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna City Hall, St. Stephen's Cathedral, Vienna State Opera, and Austrian Parliament Building FlagSealCoat of armsViennaLocation within AustriaShow map of AustriaViennaLocation within EuropeShow map of EuropeCoordinates: 48xc2xb012xe2x80xb2N 16xc2xb022xe2x80xb2Exefxbbxbf / xefxbbxbf48.200xc2xb0N 16.367xc2xb0Exefxbbxbf / 48.200; 16.367Countryxc2xa0AustriaStateViennaGovernmentxc2xa0xe2x80xa2xc2xa0BodyState and Municipality Dietxc2xa0xe2x80xa2xc2xa0Mayor and GovernorMichael Ludwig (SPxc3x96)xc2xa0xe2x80xa2xc2xa0Vice MayorChristoph Wiederkehr (NEOS)Area[1]xc2xa0xe2x80xa2xc2xa0Capital city and state414.78xc2xa0km2 (160.15xc2xa0sqxc2xa0mi)xc2xa0xe2x80xa2xc2xa0Land395.25xc2xa0km2 (152.61xc2xa0sqxc2xa0mi)xc2xa0xe2x80xa2xc2xa0Water19.39xc2xa0km2 (7.49xc2xa0sqxc2xa0mi)Elevation151 (Lobau) xe2x80x93 542 (Hermannskogel)xc2xa0m (495xe2x80x931,778xc2xa0ft)Populationxc2xa0xe2x80xa2xc2xa0Rank1st in Austria (6th in EU)xc2xa0xe2x80xa2xc2xa0Density4,326.1/km2 (11,205/sqxc2xa0mi)xc2xa0xe2x80xa2xc2xa0Urban1,911,191 (01xe2x88x9201xe2x88x9220)xc2xa0xe2x80xa2xc2xa0Metro2,600,000xc2xa0xe2x80xa2xc2xa0Ethnicity[2][3]61.2% Austrian38.8% OtherDemonym(s)German: Wiener (m), Wienerin (f)English: VienneseTime zoneUTC+1 (CET)xc2xa0xe2x80xa2xc2xa0Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)Postal code1xx0 (xx = district number)1300 (airport)1400 (United Nations)other 1yyy (postal boxes)[4]ISO 3166 codeAT-9Vehicle registrationWHDI (2018)0.940[5]very high xc2xb7 1stGDPxe2x82xac100 billion (2019)[6]GDP per capitaxe2x82xac52,700 (2019)[6]Seats in the Federal Council11 / 61 GeoTLD.wienWebsitewww.wien.gv.at UNESCO World Heritage SiteOfficial nameHistoric Centre of ViennaTypeCulturalCriteriaii, iv, viDesignated2001 (25th session)Referencexc2xa0no.1033UNESCO RegionEurope and North AmericaEndangered2017xc2xa0(2017)xe2x80x93present[7] | WIKI |
| Vienna (/vixcbx88xc9x9bnxc9x99/ (listen);[8][9] German: Wien [vixcbx90n] (listen); Austro-Bavarian: Wean) is the national capital, largest city, and one of nine states of Austria. | WIKI |
| Vienna is Austria's most populous city, with about 2 million inhabitants[2] (2.6xc2xa0million within the metropolitan area,[10] nearly one third of the country's population), and its cultural, economic, and political centre. | WIKI |
| Until the beginning of the 20th century, Vienna was the largest German-speaking city in the world, and before the splitting of the Austro-Hungarian Empire in World War I, the city had 2xc2xa0million inhabitants. | WIKI |
| [12][13] Vienna is host to many major international organizations, including the United Nations, OPEC and the OSCE. | WIKI |
| Along with nearby Bratislava, Vienna forms a metropolitan region with 3xc2xa0million inhabitants. | WIKI |
| [14] Additionally, Vienna is known as the "City of Music"[15] due to its musical legacy, as many famous classical musicians such as Beethoven and Mozart called Vienna home. | WIKI |
| Vienna is also said to be the "City of Dreams", because of it being home to the world's first psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud. | WIKI |
| [16] Vienna's ancestral roots lie in early Celtic and Roman settlements that transformed into a Medieval and Baroque city. | WIKI |
| The historic center of Vienna is rich in architectural ensembles, including Baroque palaces and gardens, and the late-19th-century Ringstraxc3x9fe lined with grand buildings, monuments and parks. | WIKI |
| Vienna is known for its high quality of life. | WIKI |
| Between 2011 and 2015, Vienna was ranked second, behind Melbourne. | WIKI |
| [18] Monocle's 2015 "Quality of Life Survey" ranked Vienna second on a list of the top 25 cities in the world "to make a base within. | WIKI |
| "[19] Monocle's 2012 "Quality of Life Survey" ranked Vienna fourth on a list of the top 25 cities in the world "to make a base within" (up from sixth in 2011 and eighth in 2010). | WIKI |
| [20] The UN-Habitat classified Vienna as the most prosperous city in the world in 2012/2013. | WIKI |
| [22][23][24] Vienna regularly hosts urban planning conferences and is often used as a case study by urban planners. | WIKI |
| [25] Between 2005 and 2010, Vienna was the world's number-one destination for international congresses and conventions. | WIKI |
| Contents 1 Etymology 2 History 2.1 Early history 2.2 Austrian Empire and the early 20th century 2.3 Anschluss and World War II 2.4 Four-power Vienna 2.5 Austrian State Treaty and afterwards 3 Demographics 3.1 Religion 4 Geography 4.1 Climate 5 World heritage in danger 6 Districts and enlargement 7 Politics 7.1 Political history 7.2 Government 8 Economy 8.1 Research and development 8.2 Information technologies 8.3 Tourism and conferences 9 Rankings 10 Urban development 10.1 Central Railway Station 10.2 Aspern 10.3 Smart City 11 Culture 11.1 Music, theater and opera 11.2 Actors from Vienna 11.3 Musicians from Vienna 11.4 Notable Jewish cultural figures from Vienna 11.5 Notable writers from Vienna 11.6 Notable politicians from Vienna 11.7 Museums 11.8 Architecture 11.9 Vienna balls 11.10 Language 12 Education 12.1 Universities 12.2 International schools 13 Leisure activities 13.1 Parks and gardens 13.2 Sport 14 Culinary specialities 14.1 Food 14.2 Drinks 14.3 Viennese cafxc3xa9s 15 Tourist attractions 16 Transportation 17 Viennese 18 International relations 18.1 International organizations in Vienna 18.2 Charitable organizations in Vienna 18.3 International city cooperations 18.4 District to district partnerships 19 See also 20 References 21 Further reading 22 External links 22.1 Official websites 22.2 History of Vienna 22.3 Further information on Vienna | WIKI |
| See also Other names of Vienna | WIKI |
| The English name Vienna is borrowed from the homonymous Italian name. | WIKI |
| Main articles: History of Vienna and Timeline of Vienna | WIKI |
| Depiction of Vienna in the Nuremberg Chronicle, 1493 | WIKI |
| Vienna in 1683 | WIKI |
| Evidence has been found of continuous habitation in the Vienna area since 500 BC, when Celts settled the site on the Danube. | WIKI |
| Irish Benedictines founded twelfth-century monastic settlements; evidence of these ties persists in the form of Vienna's great Schottenstift monastery (Scots Abbey), once home to many Irish monks. | WIKI |
| Vienna from Belvedere by Bernardo Bellotto, 1758 | WIKI |
| Each succeeding Babenberg ruler expanded the march east along the Danube, eventually encompassing Vienna and the lands immediately east. | WIKI |
| In 1145, Duke Henry II Jasomirgott moved the Babenberg family residence from Klosterneuburg in Lower Austria to Vienna. | WIKI |
| From that time, Vienna remained the center of the Babenberg dynasty. | WIKI |
| In 1440, Vienna became the resident city of the Habsburg dynasty. | WIKI |
| In the 16th and 17th centuries Christian forces twice stopped Ottoman armies outside Vienna, in the 1529 Siege of Vienna and the 1683 Battle of Vienna. | WIKI |
| The Great Plague of Vienna ravaged the city in 1679, killing nearly a third of its population. | WIKI |
| Vienna's Ringstraxc3x9fe and the State Opera in around 1870 | WIKI |
| In 1804, during the Napoleonic Wars, Vienna became the capital of the newly formed Austrian Empire. | WIKI |
| After the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867, Vienna remained the capital of what became the Austro-Hungarian Empire. | WIKI |
| Colour lithograph of Vienna, 1900 | WIKI |
| During the latter half of the 19th century, Vienna developed what had previously been the bastions and glacis into the Ringstraxc3x9fe, a new boulevard surrounding the historical town and a major prestige project. | WIKI |
| Former suburbs were incorporated, and the city of Vienna grew dramatically. | WIKI |
| In 1918, after World War I, Vienna became capital of the Republic of German-Austria, and then in 1919 of the First Republic of Austria. | WIKI |
| A world capital of music, Vienna played host to composers such as Brahms, Bruckner, Mahler and Richard Strauss. | WIKI |
| The city's cultural contributions in the first half of the 20th century included, among many, the Vienna Secession movement in art, psychoanalysis, the Second Viennese School (Schoenberg, Berg, Webern), the architecture of Adolf Loos and the philosophy of Ludwig Wittgenstein and the Vienna Circle. | WIKI |
| In 1913 Adolf Hitler, Leon Trotsky, Josip Broz Tito, Sigmund Freud and Joseph Stalin all lived within a few kilometres of each other in central Vienna, some of them becoming regulars at the same coffeehouses. | WIKI |
| [34] Austrians came to regard Vienna as a center of socialist politics, sometimes referred to as "Red Vienna"(xe2x80x9cDas rote Wienxe2x80x9d). | WIKI |
| Crowds greet Adolf Hitler as he rides in an open car through Vienna in March 1938 | WIKI |
| [35][need quotation to verify][36] Between 1938 (after the Anschluss) and the end of the Second World War in 1945, Vienna lost its status as a capital to Berlin, because Austria ceased to exist and became part of Nazi Germany. | WIKI |
| During the November pogroms on November 9, 1938, 92 synagogues in Vienna were destroyed. | WIKI |
| Only the city temple in the 1st district was spared, as the data of all Jews in Vienna were collected in the adjacent archives. | WIKI |
| Of the almost 200,000 Jews in Vienna, around 120,000 were driven to emigrate and around 65,000 were killed. | WIKI |
| After the end of the war, the Jewish population of Vienna was about only 5,000. | WIKI |
| Vienna was also the center of the important resistance group around Heinrich Maier, which provided the Allies with plans for V-1, V-2 rockets, Peenemxc3xbcnde, Tiger tanks, Messerschmitt Bf 109, Messerschmitt Me 163 Komet and other aircraft. | WIKI |
| The group was exposed and most of its members were executed after months of torture by the Gestapo in Vienna. | WIKI |
| On 2 April 1945 the Soviet Red Army launched the Vienna Offensive against the Germans holding the city and besieged it. | WIKI |
| Vienna fell eleven days later. | WIKI |
| [46] At the end of the war, Austria again became separated from Germany, and Vienna regained its status as the capital city of the Republic of Austria, but the Soviet hold[citation needed] on the city remained until 1955, when Austria regained full sovereignty. | WIKI |
| Four-power Vienna[edit] | WIKI |
| Occupation zones in Vienna, 1945xe2x80x9355 | WIKI |
| After the war, Vienna was part of Soviet-occupied Eastern Austria until September 1945. | WIKI |
| As in Berlin, Vienna in September 1945 was divided into sectors by the four powers: the US, the UK, France, and the Soviet Union and supervised by an Allied Commission. | WIKI |
| The four-power occupation of Vienna differed in one key respect from that of Berlin: the central area of the city, known as the first district, constituted an international zone in which the four powers alternated control on a monthly basis. | WIKI |
| [47] The Berlin Blockade of 1948 raised Western concerns that the Soviets might repeat the blockade in Vienna. | WIKI |
| The matter was raised in the UK House of Commons by MP Anthony Nutting, who asked: "What plans have the Government for dealing with a similar situation in Vienna? | WIKI |
| Vienna is in exactly a similar position to Berlin. | WIKI |
| Also, there was no precipitating event to cause a blockade in Vienna. | WIKI |
| During the 10 years of the four-power occupation, Vienna became a hotbed for international espionage between the Western and Eastern blocs. | WIKI |
| In the wake of the Berlin Blockade, the Cold War in Vienna took on a different dynamic. | WIKI |
| While accepting that Germany and Berlin would be divided, the Soviets had decided against allowing the same state of affairs to arise in Austria and Vienna. | WIKI |
| Here, the Soviet forces controlled districts 2, 4, 10, 20, 21, and 22 and all areas incorporated into Vienna in 1938. | WIKI |
| Barbed wire fences were installed around the perimeter of West Berlin in 1953, but not in Vienna. | WIKI |
| By 1955, the Soviets, by signing the Austrian State Treaty, agreed to relinquish their occupation zones in Eastern Austria as well as their sector in Vienna. | WIKI |
| The atmosphere of four-power Vienna is the background for Graham Greene's screenplay for the film The Third Man (1949). | WIKI |
| Occupied Vienna is also depicted in the 1991 Philip Kerr novel, A German Requiem. | WIKI |
| Vienna in 1966 | WIKI |
| The four-power control of Vienna lasted until the Austrian State Treaty was signed in May 1955. | WIKI |
| In the 1970s, Austrian Chancellor Bruno Kreisky inaugurated the Vienna International Center, a new area of the city created to host international institutions. | WIKI |
| Vienna has regained much of its former international stature by hosting international organizations, such as the United Nations (United Nations Industrial Development Organization, United Nations Office at Vienna and United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime), the Preparatory Commission for the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization, the International Atomic Energy Agency, the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, and the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe. | WIKI |
| Because of the industrialization and migration from other parts of the Empire, the population of Vienna increased sharply during its time as the capital of Austria-Hungary (1867xe2x80x931918). | WIKI |
| In 1910, Vienna had more than two million inhabitants, and was the third largest city in Europe after London and Paris. | WIKI |
| [51] Around the start of the 20th century, Vienna was the city with the second-largest Czech population in the world (after Prague). | WIKI |
| By 2001, 16% of people living in Austria had nationalities other than Austrian, nearly half of whom were from former Yugoslavia;[54][55] the next most numerous nationalities in Vienna were Turks (39,000; 2.5%), Poles (13,600; 0.9%) and Germans (12,700; 0.8%). | WIKI |
| [57] According to UN-Habitat, Vienna could be the fastest growing city out of 17 European metropolitan areas until 2025 with an increase of 4.65% of its population, compared to 2010. | WIKI |
| Based on information provided to city officials by various religious organizations about their membership, Vienna's Statistical Yearbook 2019 reports in 2018 an estimated 610,269 Roman Catholics, or 32.3% of the population, and 195,000 (10.3%) Muslims, 70,298 (3.7%) Orthodox, 57,502 (3.0%) other Christians, and 9,504 (0.5%) other religions. | WIKI |
| [60] A study conducted by the Vienna Institute of Demography estimated the 2018 proportions to be 34% Catholic, 30% unaffiliated, 15% Muslim, 10% Orthodox, 4% Protestant, and 6% other religions. | WIKI |
| Vienna is the seat of the Metropolitan Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Vienna, in which is also vested the exempt Ordinariate for Byzantine-rite Catholics in Austria; its Archbishop is Cardinal Christoph Schxc3xb6nborn. | WIKI |
| Many Catholic churches in central Vienna feature performances of religious or other music, including masses sung to classical music and organ. | WIKI |
| Some of Vienna's most significant historical buildings are Catholic churches, including the St. Stephen's Cathedral (Stephansdom), Karlskirche, Peterskirche and the Votivkirche. | WIKI |
| Satellite image of Vienna (2018) | WIKI |
| Vienna is located in northeastern Austria, at the easternmost extension of the Alps in the Vienna Basin. | WIKI |
| Vienna has an oceanic climate (Kxc3xb6ppen classification Cfb). | WIKI |
| Precipitation is generally moderate throughout the year, averaging around 550xc2xa0mm (21.7xc2xa0in) annually, with considerable local variations, the Vienna Woods region in the west being the wettest part (700 to 800xc2xa0mm (28 to 31xc2xa0in) annually) and the flat plains in the east being the driest part (500 to 550xc2xa0mm (20 to 22xc2xa0in) annually). | WIKI |
| Climate data for Vienna (Hohe Warte) 1981xe2x80x932010, extremes 1775xe2x80x93present Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Record high xc2xb0C (xc2xb0F) 18.7(65.7) 20.6(69.1) 25.5(77.9) 29.5(85.1) 34.0(93.2) 36.5(97.7) 39.5(103.1) 38.4(101.1) 34.0(93.2) 27.8(82.0) 21.7(71.1) 16.1(61.0) 39.5(103.1) Average high xc2xb0C (xc2xb0F) 3.2(37.8) 5.2(41.4) 10.3(50.5) 16.2(61.2) 21.1(70.0) 24.0(75.2) 26.5(79.7) 26.0(78.8) 20.6(69.1) 14.6(58.3) 8.1(46.6) 3.6(38.5) 14.9(58.8) Daily mean xc2xb0C (xc2xb0F) 0.3(32.5) 1.5(34.7) 5.7(42.3) 10.7(51.3) 15.7(60.3) 18.7(65.7) 20.8(69.4) 20.2(68.4) 15.4(59.7) 10.2(50.4) 5.1(41.2) 1.1(34.0) 10.4(50.7) Average low xc2xb0C (xc2xb0F) xe2x88x921.9(28.6) xe2x88x921.0(30.2) 2.4(36.3) 6.3(43.3) 10.9(51.6) 14.0(57.2) 15.9(60.6) 15.7(60.3) 11.9(53.4) 7.3(45.1) 3.0(37.4) xe2x88x920.8(30.6) 7.0(44.6) Record low xc2xb0C (xc2xb0F) xe2x88x9223.8(xe2x88x9210.8) xe2x88x9226.0(xe2x88x9214.8) xe2x88x9216.3(2.7) xe2x88x928.1(17.4) xe2x88x921.8(28.8) 3.2(37.8) 6.9(44.4) 6.5(43.7) xe2x88x920.6(30.9) xe2x88x929.1(15.6) xe2x88x9214.3(6.3) xe2x88x9220.7(xe2x88x925.3) xe2x88x9226.0(xe2x88x9214.8) Average precipitation mm (inches) 38(1.5) 40(1.6) 51(2.0) 45(1.8) 69(2.7) 70(2.8) 70(2.8) 72(2.8) 61(2.4) 38(1.5) 49(1.9) 48(1.9) 651(25.6) Average snowfall cm (inches) 18(7.1) 17(6.7) 8(3.1) 1(0.4) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 0(0) 6(2.4) 17(6.7) 67(26) Average relative humidity (%) (at 14:00) 72.4 65.1 58.3 51.9 53.7 55.0 53.3 53.3 59.4 64.8 73.6 77.3 61.5 Mean monthly sunshine hours 70 100 143 197 239 236 263 251 182 133 66 51 1,930 Percent possible sunshine 26.4 36.5 40.2 50.3 53.3 52.0 57.0 59.1 49.8 40.9 24.5 20.5 42.5 Source 1: Central Institute for Meteorology and Geodynamics[62][63][64][65][66][67] Source 2: Meteo Climat (record highs and lows),[68] wien.orf.at[69] | WIKI |
| Climate data for Vienna (Innere Stadt) 1971xe2x80x932000 Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Record high xc2xb0C (xc2xb0F) 16.8(62.2) 19.5(67.1) 25.4(77.7) 27.4(81.3) 31.5(88.7) 36.5(97.7) 36.1(97.0) 37.0(98.6) 31.8(89.2) 24.8(76.6) 21.3(70.3) 16.4(61.5) 37.0(98.6) Average high xc2xb0C (xc2xb0F) 3.8(38.8) 6.1(43.0) 11.5(52.7) 16.1(61.0) 21.3(70.3) 24.0(75.2) 26.7(80.1) 26.6(79.9) 21.1(70.0) 15.3(59.5) 8.1(46.6) 4.6(40.3) 15.3(59.5) Daily mean xc2xb0C (xc2xb0F) 1.2(34.2) 2.9(37.2) 6.4(43.5) 11.5(52.7) 16.5(61.7) 19.1(66.4) 21.7(71.1) 21.6(70.9) 16.8(62.2) 11.6(52.9) 5.5(41.9) 2.4(36.3) 11.4(52.5) Average low xc2xb0C (xc2xb0F) xe2x88x920.8(30.6) 0.3(32.5) 3.5(38.3) 7.8(46.0) 12.5(54.5) 15.1(59.2) 17.4(63.3) 17.5(63.5) 13.6(56.5) 8.8(47.8) 3.6(38.5) 0.5(32.9) 8.3(46.9) Record low xc2xb0C (xc2xb0F) xe2x88x9217.6(0.3) xe2x88x9216.4(2.5) xe2x88x9210.8(12.6) xe2x88x922.1(28.2) 4.9(40.8) 6.8(44.2) 10.9(51.6) 10.1(50.2) 5.6(42.1) xe2x88x921.8(28.8) xe2x88x927.0(19.4) xe2x88x9215.4(4.3) xe2x88x9217.6(0.3) Average precipitation mm (inches) 21.3(0.84) 29.3(1.15) 39.1(1.54) 39.2(1.54) 60.9(2.40) 63.3(2.49) 66.6(2.62) 66.5(2.62) 50.4(1.98) 32.8(1.29) 43.9(1.73) 34.6(1.36) 547.9(21.57) Average precipitation days (xe2x89xa5 1.0 mm) 5.3 6.0 8.1 6.3 8.3 9.3 8.2 8.5 6.9 6.0 7.5 7.6 88.0 Average relative humidity (%) (at 14:00) 75.0 67.6 62.1 53.9 54.3 56.9 54.4 54.4 61.0 64.9 74.9 78.4 63.2 Mean monthly sunshine hours 65.5 105.6 127.7 183.1 238.7 227.5 260.4 251.0 168.2 139.0 66.3 50.6 1,883.6 Average ultraviolet index 1 2 3 4 6 7 7 6 4 3 1 1 4 Source 1: Central Institute for Meteorology and Geodynamics[70] Source 2: Weather Atlas [71] | WIKI |
| Vienna was moved to the UNESCO world heritage in danger list in 2017. | WIKI |
| The citizens of Vienna also opposed the construction of the complex because they are afraid of losing UNESCO status and also of encouraging future high-rise development. | WIKI |
| UNESCO is concerned about the height of high-rise development in Vienna as it can dramatically influence the visual integrity of the city,[73] specifically the baroque palaces. | WIKI |
| [73] Visual impact studies are being done in the Vienna city center to assess the level of visual disturbance to visitors and how the changes influenced the city's visual integrity. | WIKI |
| Main article: Districts of Vienna | WIKI |
| Map of the districts of Vienna with numbers | WIKI |
| Vienna is composed of 23 districts (Bezirke). | WIKI |
| Administrative district offices in Vienna (called Magistratische Bezirksxc3xa4mter) serve functions similar to those in the other Austrian states (called Bezirkshauptmannschaften), the officers being subject to the mayor of Vienna; with the notable exception of the police, which is under federal supervision. | WIKI |
| District residents in Vienna (Austrians as well as EU citizens with permanent residence here) elect a District Assembly (Bezirksvertretung). | WIKI |
| The heart and historical city of Vienna, a large part of today's Innere Stadt, was a fortress surrounded by fields in order to defend itself from potential attackers. | WIKI |
| In 1850, Vienna with the consent of the emperor annexed 34 surrounding villages,[74] called Vorstxc3xa4dte, into the city limits (districts no. | WIKI |
| The Imperial-Royal Government set up the Vienna City Renovation Fund (Wiener Stadterneuerungsfonds) and sold many building lots to private investors, thereby partly financing public construction works. | WIKI |
| In 1890 it was decided to integrate 33 suburbs (called Vororte) beyond that wall into Vienna by 1 January 1892[76] and transform them into districts no. | WIKI |
| From 1850 to 1904, Vienna had expanded only on the right bank of the Danube, following the main branch before the regulation of 1868xe2x80x931875, i.e., the Old Danube of today. | WIKI |
| In 1904, the 21st district was created by integrating Floridsdorf, Kagran, Stadlau, Hirschstetten, Aspern and other villages on the left bank of the Danube into Vienna, in 1910 Strebersdorf followed. | WIKI |
| On 15 October 1938 the Nazis created Great Vienna with 26 districts by merging 97 towns and villages into Vienna, 80 of which were returned to surrounding Lower Austria in 1954. | WIKI |
| [76] Since then Vienna has had 23 districts. | WIKI |
| Vienna's second and twentieth districts are located between the Donaukanal and the Danube. | WIKI |
| Across the Danube, where the Vienna International Center is located (districts 21xe2x80x9322), and in the southern areas (district 23) are the newest parts of the city. | WIKI |
| For Adolf Hitler, who spent some years in Vienna, Lueger was a teacher of how to use antisemitism in politics. | WIKI |
| Vienna is today considered the center of the Social Democratic Party (SPxc3x96). | WIKI |
| During the period of the First Republic (1918xe2x80x931934), the Vienna Social Democrats undertook many social reforms. | WIKI |
| At that time, Vienna's municipal policy was admired by Socialists throughout Europe, who therefore referred to the city as "Red Vienna" (Rotes Wien). | WIKI |
| The mayor of Vienna is Michael Ludwig of the SPxc3x96. | WIKI |
| Main article: Gemeinderat and Landtag of Vienna | WIKI |
| Interior of Vienna's historical Rathaus, the seat of city mayor | WIKI |
| Since Vienna obtained federal state (Bundesland) status of its own by the federal constitution of 1920, the city council also functions as the state parliament (Landtag), and the mayor (except 1934xe2x80x931945) also doubles as the Landeshauptmann (governor/minister-president) of the state of Vienna. | WIKI |
| The city is administered by a multitude of departments (Magistratsabteilungen), politically supervised by amtsfxc3xbchrende Stadtrxc3xa4te (members of the city government leading offices; according to the Vienna constitution opposition parties have the right to designate members of the city government not leading offices). | WIKI |
| When meeting as a city council, the deputies can only deal with the affairs of the city of Vienna; when meeting as a state parliament, they can only deal with the affairs of the state of Vienna. | WIKI |
| From 1996 to 2001, the SPxc3x96 governed Vienna in a coalition with the xc3x96VP. | WIKI |
| Austria Center Vienna (ACV) | WIKI |
| Vienna is one of the wealthiest regions in the European Union: Its gross regional product of EUR 47,200 per capita constituted 25.7% of Austria's GDP in 2013. | WIKI |
| With a share of 85.5% in gross value added, the service sector is Vienna's most important economic sector. | WIKI |
| The most important business sectors are trade (14.7% of added value in Vienna), scientific and technological services, real estate and housing activities as well as manufacturing of goods. | WIKI |
| In 2012, Vienna's contribution in Austria's outgoing and incoming foreign direct investments was of about 60%, which demonstrates Vienna's role as an international hub for domestic and foreign companies. | WIKI |
| Since the fall of the Iron Curtain in 1989, Vienna has expanded its position as gateway to Eastern Europe: 300 international companies have their Eastern European headquarters in Vienna and its environs. | WIKI |
| [83] Companies in Vienna have extensive contacts and competences in business with Eastern Europe due to the city's historical role as center of the Habsburg Empire. | WIKI |
| [84] The number of international businesses in Vienna is still growing: In 2014 159 and in 2015 175 international firms established offices in Vienna. | WIKI |
| Altogether, approximately 8,300 new companies have been founded in Vienna every year since 2004. | WIKI |
| [87] Vienna makes effort to establish itself as a start-up hub. | WIKI |
| Tech Cocktail, an online portal for the start-up scene, has ranked Vienna sixth among the top ten start-up cities worldwide. | WIKI |
| The city of Vienna attaches major importance to science and research and focuses on creating a positive environment for research and development. | WIKI |
| In 2014, Vienna has accommodated 1,329 research facilities; 40,400 persons are employed in the R&D sector and 35% of Austria's R&D expenses are invested in the city. | WIKI |
| With a research quota of 3.4% Vienna exceeds the Austrian average of 2.77% and has already met the EU target of 3.0% by 2020. | WIKI |
| [82] A major R&D sector in Vienna are life sciences. | WIKI |
| The Vienna Life Science Cluster is Austria's major hub for life science research, education and business. | WIKI |
| Throughout Vienna, five universities and several basic research institutes form the academic core of the hub with more than 12,600 employees and 34,700 students. | WIKI |
| Vienna is home to global players like Boehringer Ingelheim, Octapharma, Ottobock and Takeda. | WIKI |
| [93] However, there is also a growing number of start-up companies in the life sciences and Vienna was ranked first in the 2019 PeoplePerHour Startup Cities Index. | WIKI |
| [94] Companies such as Apeiron Biologics, Hookipa Pharma, Marinomed, mySugr, Themis Bioscience and Valneva operate a presence in Vienna and regularly hit the headlines internationally. | WIKI |
| To facilitate tapping the economic potential of the multiple facettes of the life sciences at Austria's capital, the Austrian Federal Ministry for Digital and Economic Affairs and the local government of City of Vienna have joined forces: Since 2002, the LISAvienna platform is available as a central contact point. | WIKI |
| It provides free business support services at the interface of the Austrian federal promotional bank, Austria Wirtschaftsservice and the Vienna Business Agency and collects data that inform policy making. | WIKI |
| [96] The main academic hot spots in Vienna are the Life Science Center Muthgasse with the University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), the Austrian Institute of Technology, the University of Veterinary Medicine, the AKH Vienna with the MedUni Vienna and the Vienna Biocenter. | WIKI |
| [97] Central European University, a graduate institution expelled from Budapest in the midst of a Hungarian government steps to take control of academic and research organizations, welcomes the first class of students to its new Vienna campus in 2019. | WIKI |
| In 2012 8,962 IT businesses with a workforce of 64,223 were located in the Vienna Region. | WIKI |
| Among the biggest IT firms in Vienna are Kapsch, Beko Engineering & Informatics, air traffic control experts Frequentis, Cisco Systems Austria, Hewlett-Packard, Microsoft Austria, IBM Austria and Samsung Electronics Austria. | WIKI |
| The US technology corporation Cisco runs its Entrepreneurs in Residence program for Europe in Vienna in cooperation with the Vienna Business Agency. | WIKI |
| The British company UBM has rated Vienna one of the Top 10 Internet Cities worldwide, by analyzing criteria like connection speed, WiFi availability, innovation spirit and open government data. | WIKI |
| There were 17.6xc2xa0million overnight stays in Vienna in 2019 (+6.8% compared to 2018). | WIKI |
| In 2019 the International Congress and Convention Association (ICCA) ranked Vienna 6th in the world for association meetings. | WIKI |
| [105] The Union of International Associations (UIA) ranked Vienna 5th in the world for 2019 with 306 international meetings, behind Singapore, Brussels, Seoul and Paris. | WIKI |
| [106] The city's largest conference center, the Austria Center Vienna (ACV) has a total capacity for around 22,800 people and is situated next to the United Nations Headquarters in Vienna. | WIKI |
| Regarding quality of living, Vienna leads the 2019 Quality of Living Ranking by the international Mercer Consulting Group for the tenth consecutive year. | WIKI |
| [108] In the 2015 liveability report by the Economist Intelligence Unit as well as in the Quality of Life Survey 2015 of London-based Monocle magazine Vienna was equally ranked second most livable city worldwide. | WIKI |
| The United Nations Human Settlements Programme UN-Habitat has ranked Vienna the most prosperous city in the world in its flagship report State of the World Cities 2012/2013. | WIKI |
| According to the 2014 City RepTrack ranking by the Reputation Institute, Vienna has the best reputation in comparison with 100 major global cities. | WIKI |
| The Innovation Cities Global Index 2014 by the Australian innovation agency 2thinknow ranks Vienna sixth behind San Francisco-San Jose, New York City, London, Boston and Paris. | WIKI |
| [113] In 2019 PeoplePerHour put Vienna at the top of their Startup Cities Ranking. | WIKI |
| US climate strategist Boyd Cohen placed Vienna first in his first global smart cities ranking of 2012. | WIKI |
| In the 2014 ranking, Vienna reached third place among European cities behind Copenhagen and Amsterdam. | WIKI |
| The Mori Memorial Institute for Urban Strategies ranked Vienna in the top ten of their Global Power City Index 2016. | WIKI |
| Vienna's new Central Railway Station was opened in October 2014. | WIKI |
| In 2014, the Vienna City Council adopted the Smart City Wien Framework Strategy 2050. | WIKI |
| It is a long-term umbrella strategy that is supposed to establish a conducive, long-term and structural framework in order to reduce carbon dioxide emissions from 3.1 tonnes per capita to 1 tonne per capita by 2050, have 50% of Vienna's gross energy consumption originate from renewable sources and to reduce motorized individual traffic from the current 28% to 15% by 2030. | WIKI |
| Additionally, Vienna aims to be one of the five biggest European research and innovation hubs in 2050. | WIKI |
| See also: Music of Vienna and Music of Austria | WIKI |
| Monument of Johann Strauss II at Stadtpark, Vienna | WIKI |
| Art and culture had a long tradition in Vienna, including theater, opera, classical music and fine arts. | WIKI |
| Vienna is also home to a number of opera houses, including the Theater an der Wien, the Staatsoper and the Volksoper, the latter being devoted to the typical Viennese operetta. | WIKI |
| Classical concerts are performed at venues such as the Wiener Musikverein, home of the Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra known across the world for the annual widely broadcast "New Year's Day Concert", as well as the Wiener Konzerthaus, home of the internationally renowned Vienna Symphony. | WIKI |
| Musikverein Vienna | WIKI |
| Since 2012 Theater an der Wien has taken over the Wiener Kammeroper, a historical small theater in the first district of Vienna seating 300 spectators, turning it into its second venue for smaller sized productions and chamber operas created by the young ensemble of Theater an der Wien (JET). | WIKI |
| The Wienerlied is a unique song genre from Vienna. | WIKI |
| In 1981 the popular British new romantic group Ultravox paid a tribute to Vienna on an album and an artful music video recording called Vienna. | WIKI |
| The Vienna's English Theatre (VET) is an English theater in Vienna. | WIKI |
| It was founded in 1963 and is located in the 8th Vienna's district. | WIKI |
| In May 2015, Vienna hosted the Eurovision Song Contest following Austria's victory in the 2014 contest. | WIKI |
| Actors from Vienna[edit] | WIKI |
| Notable entertainers born in Vienna include Hedy Lamarr, Christoph Waltz, John Banner, Christiane Hxc3xb6rbiger, Eric Pohlmann, Boris Kodjoe, Christine Buchegger, Mischa Hausserman, Senta Berger and Christine Ostermayer. | WIKI |
| Musicians from Vienna[edit] | WIKI |
| Notable musicians born in Vienna include Louie Austen, Alban Berg, Falco, Fritz Kreisler, Joseph Lanner, Arnold Schxc3xb6nberg, Franz Schubert, Johann Strauss I, Johann Strauss II, Anton Webern, and Joe Zawinul. | WIKI |
| Statue of Mozart during spring in Vienna | WIKI |
| Notable Jewish cultural figures from Vienna[edit] | WIKI |
| Notable writers from Vienna[edit] | WIKI |
| Notable writers from Vienna include Karl Leopold von Mxc3xb6ller, Carl Julius Haidvogel, and Stefan Zweig. | WIKI |
| Writers who lived and worked in Vienna include Franz Kafka, Arthur Schnitzler, Elias Canetti, Ingeborg Bachmann, Robert Musil, Karl Kraus, Ernst von Feuchtersleben, Thomas Bernhard and Elfriede Jelinek. | WIKI |
| Notable politicians from Vienna[edit] | WIKI |
| Notable politicians from Vienna include Karl Leopold von Mxc3xb6ller. | WIKI |
| See also: List of museums in Vienna | WIKI |
| There are a multitude of other museums in Vienna, including the Albertina, the Military History Museum, the Technical Museum, the Burial Museum, the Museum of Art Fakes, the KunstHausWien, Museum of Applied Arts, the Sigmund Freud Museum, and the Mozarthaus Vienna. | WIKI |
| The museums on the history of the city, including the former Historical Museum of the City of Vienna on Karlsplatz, the Hermesvilla, the residences and birthplaces of various composers, the Museum of the Romans, and the Vienna Clock Museum, are now gathered together under the group umbrella Vienna Museum. | WIKI |
| The Jewish Museum Vienna, founded 1896, is the oldest of its kind. | WIKI |
| In addition there are museums dedicated to Vienna's individual districts. | WIKI |
| A variety of architectural styles can be found in Vienna, such as the Romanesque Ruprechtskirche and the Baroque Karlskirche. | WIKI |
| Art Nouveau left many architectural traces in Vienna. | WIKI |
| Wagner's prominent student Joxc5xbee Plexc4x8dnik from Slovenia also left important traces in Vienna. | WIKI |
| Plexc4x8dnik's 1910xe2x80x931913 Church of the Holy Spirit (Heilig-Geist-Kirchexc2xa0[de]) in Vienna is remarkable for its innovative use of poured-in-place concrete as both structure and exterior surface, and also for its abstracted classical form language. | WIKI |
| The Hundertwasserhaus by Friedensreich Hundertwasser, designed to counter the clinical look of modern architecture, is one of Vienna's most popular tourist attractions. | WIKI |
| In the 1990s, a number of quarters were adapted and extensive building projects were implemented in the areas around Donaustadt (north of the Danube) and Wienerberg (in southern Vienna). | WIKI |
| The 220-meter high DC Tower 1 located on the Northern bank of the Danube, completed in 2013, is the tallest skyscraper in Vienna. | WIKI |
| [127][128] In recent years, Vienna has seen numerous architecture projects completed which combine modern architectural elements with old buildings, such as the remodeling and revitalization of the old Gasometer in 2001. | WIKI |
| Most buildings in Vienna are relatively low; in early 2006 there were around 100 buildings higher than 40 metres (130 feet). | WIKI |
| Vienna balls[edit] | WIKI |
| Vienna is the last great capital of the 19th-century ball. | WIKI |
| [129] Balls are held in the many palaces in Vienna, with the principal venue being the Hofburg Palace in Heldenplatz. | WIKI |
| A Vienna ball is an all-night cultural attraction. | WIKI |
| Major Vienna balls generally begin at 9xc2xa0pm and last until 5xc2xa0am, although many guests carry on the celebrations into the next day. | WIKI |
| The Viennese balls are being exported with the support of the City of Vienna in around 30 cities worldwide such as New York, Barcelona, Hong Kong, Kuala Lumpur, Rome, Prague, Bucharest, Berlin and Moscow. | WIKI |
| Vienna is part of the Austro-Bavarian language area, in particular Central Bavarian (Mittelbairisch). | WIKI |
| Vienna is Austria's main center of education and home to many universities, professional colleges and gymnasiums (high schools). | WIKI |
| The Vienna University of Economics and Business | WIKI |
| Academy of Fine Arts Vienna Central European University Diplomatic Academy of Vienna Medical University of Vienna PEF Private University of Management Vienna University of Applied Arts Vienna University of Applied Sciences Campus Vienna University of Music and Performing Arts, Vienna University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna University of Vienna Vienna University of Economics and Business University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna University of Applied Sciences Technikum Wien TU Wien Webster University Vienna Sigmund Freud University Vienna International Anti-Corruption Academy (in Laxenburg, 24xc2xa0km (15xc2xa0mi) south of Vienna) | WIKI |
| Danube International School International University Vienna SAE Vienna Lauder Business School Lycxc3xa9e Franxc3xa7ais de Vienne Vienna Christian School Vienna International School American International School Japanische Schule in Wien (Japanese school) Amadeus International School | WIKI |
| Vienna possesses many parks, including the Stadtpark, the Burggarten, the Volksgarten (part of the Hofburg), the Schlosspark at Schloss Belvedere (home to the Vienna Botanic Gardens), the Donaupark, the Schxc3xb6nbrunner Schlosspark, the Prater, the Augarten, the Rathauspark, the Lainzer Tiergarten, the Dehnepark, the Resselpark, the Votivpark, the Kurpark Oberlaa, the Auer-Welsbach-Park and the Txc3xbcrkenschanzpark. | WIKI |
| Many of Vienna's parks include monuments, such as the Stadtpark with its statue of Johann Strauss II, and the gardens of the baroque palace, where the State Treaty was signed. | WIKI |
| Vienna's principal park is the Prater which is home to the Riesenrad, a Ferris wheel, and Kugelmugel, a micronation the shape of a sphere. | WIKI |
| The Donauinsel, part of Vienna's flood defenses, is a 21.1xc2xa0km (13.1xc2xa0mi) long artificial island between the Danube and Neue Donau dedicated to leisure activities. | WIKI |
| The best known are the local football clubs include FK Austria Wien (21 Austrian Bundesliga titles and record 27-time cup winners), SK Rapid Wien (record 32 Austrian Bundesliga titles), and the oldest team, First Vienna FC. | WIKI |
| Other important sports clubs include the Raiffeisen Vikings Vienna (American Football), who won the Eurobowl title between 2004 and 2007 4 times in a row and had a perfect season in 2013, the Aon hotVolleys Vienna, one of Europe's premier Volleyball organizations, the Vienna Wanderers (baseball) who won the 2012 and 2013 Championship of the Austrian Baseball League, and the Vienna Capitals (Ice Hockey). | WIKI |
| Vienna was also where the European Handball Federation (EHF) was founded. | WIKI |
| There are also three rugby clubs; Vienna Celtic, the oldest rugby club in Austria, RC Donau, and Stade Viennois | WIKI |
| Vienna hosts many different sporting events including the Vienna City Marathon, which attracts more than 10,000 participants every year and normally takes place in May. | WIKI |
| In 2005 the Ice Hockey World Championships took place in Austria and the final was played in Vienna. | WIKI |
| Vienna's Ernst Happel Stadium was the venue of four Champions League and European Champion Clubs' Cup finals (1964, 1987, 1990 and 1995) and on 29 June it hosted the final of Euro 2008 which saw a Spanish 1xe2x80x930 victory over Germany. | WIKI |
| Tennis tournament Vienna Open also takes place in the city since 1974. | WIKI |
| Vienna will host the official 2021 3x3 Basketball World Cup. | WIKI |
| Vienna is well known for Wiener Schnitzel, a cutlet of veal (Kalbsschnitzel) or pork (Schweinsschnitzel) that is pounded flat, coated in flour, egg and breadcrumbs, and fried in clarified butter. | WIKI |
| Vienna has a long tradition of producing cakes and desserts. | WIKI |
| The sausage known as Wiener (German for Viennese) in the U.S. and in Germany, is called a Frankfurter in Vienna. | WIKI |
| Vienna, along with Paris, Santiago, Cape Town, Prague, Canberra, Bratislava and Warsaw, is one of the few remaining world capital cities with its own vineyards. | WIKI |
| Vienna has a single large brewery, Ottakringer, and more than ten microbreweries. | WIKI |
| A "Beisl" is a typical small Austrian pub, of which Vienna has many. | WIKI |
| [citation needed] These coffee houses are unique to Vienna and many cities have unsuccessfully sought to copy them. | WIKI |
| Viennese cafxc3xa9s claim that when the invading Turks left Vienna, they abandoned hundreds of sacks of coffee beans. | WIKI |
| Kolschitzky then opened Vienna's first coffee shop. | WIKI |
| Further information: Tourist attractions in Vienna | WIKI |
| Cultural highlights include the Burgtheater, the Wiener Staatsoper, the Lipizzaner horses at the spanische Hofreitschule, and the Vienna Boys' Choir, as well as excursions to Vienna's Heurigen district Dxc3xb6bling. | WIKI |
| There are many popular sites associated with composers who lived in Vienna including Beethoven's various residences and grave at Zentralfriedhof (Central Cemetery) which is the largest cemetery in Vienna and the burial site of many famous people. | WIKI |
| Vienna's many churches also draw large crowds, famous of which are St. Stephen's Cathedral, the Deutschordenskirche, the Jesuitenkirche, the Karlskirche, the Peterskirche, Maria am Gestade, the Minoritenkirche, the Ruprechtskirche, the Schottenkirche, St. Ulrich and the Votivkirche. | WIKI |
| Main article: Transportation in Vienna | WIKI |
| Vienna Airport terminal 3 arrivals lounge | WIKI |
| Vienna has an extensive transportation network with a unified fare system that integrates municipal, regional and railway systems under the umbrella of the Verkehrsverbund Ost-Region (VOR). | WIKI |
| The railway system connects Vienna's main station Vienna Hauptbahnhof with other European cities, like Berlin, Bratislava, Budapest, Brussels, Cologne, Frankfurt, Hamburg, Ljubljana, Munich, Prague, Venice, Wrocxc5x82aw, Warsaw, Zagreb and Zxc3xbcrich. | WIKI |
| Vienna has multiple road connections including expressways and motorways. | WIKI |
| Vienna is served by Vienna International Airport, located 18xc2xa0km (11xc2xa0mi) southeast of the city center next to the town of Schwechat. | WIKI |
| Main article: List of people from Vienna | WIKI |
| International organizations in Vienna[edit] | WIKI |
| UN complex in Vienna, with the Austria Center Vienna in front, taken from the Danube Tower in the nearby Donaupark before the extensive building work | WIKI |
| Vienna is the seat of a number of United Nations offices and various international institutions and companies, including the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO), the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), the OPEC Fund for International Development (OFID), the Preparatory Commission for the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization (CTBTO), the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), the United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs (UNOOSA) and the European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights (FRA). | WIKI |
| Vienna is the world's third "UN city", next to New York, Geneva, and Nairobi. | WIKI |
| Additionally, Vienna is the seat of the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law's secretariat (UNCITRAL). | WIKI |
| Diplomatic meetings have been held in Vienna in the latter half of the 20th century, resulting in documents bearing the name Vienna Convention or Vienna Document. | WIKI |
| Among the more important documents negotiated in Vienna are the 1969 Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, as well as the 1990 Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe. | WIKI |
| Vienna also hosted the negotiations leading to the 2015 Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action on Iran's nuclear program as well as the Vienna peace talks for Syria. | WIKI |
| Vienna also headquartered the International Taekwon-Do Federation (ITF). | WIKI |
| Charitable organizations in Vienna[edit] | WIKI |
| Alongside international and intergovernmental organizations, there are dozens of charitable organizations based in Vienna. | WIKI |
| The general policy of the City of Vienna is not to sign any twin or sister city agreements with other cities. | WIKI |
| Instead Vienna has only cooperation agreements in which specific cooperation areas are defined. | WIKI |
| A detailed list is published on the website of the City of Vienna. | WIKI |
| Vienna, situated on the Danube River in the eastern part of Austria, developed from early Celtic and Roman settlements into a medieval and Baroque city, eventually becoming the capital of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. | UNESCO |
| It played an essential role as the leading European music centre, hosting major personalities in the development of music from the 16th to the 20th centuries, particularly Viennese Classicism and Romanticism, consolidating Viennaxe2x80x99s reputation as the xe2x80x98musical capitalxe2x80x99 of Europe. | UNESCO |
| Vienna is also rich in architectural ensembles, particularly Baroque mansions and gardens as well as the late 19th-century Ringstrasse ensemble lined with grand buildings, monuments, and parks. | UNESCO |
| This remained the core of Vienna until the medieval walls were demolished in the second half of the 19th century. | UNESCO |
| In 1683, Vienna became the capital of the Habsburg Empire and developed rapidly, becoming an impressive Baroque city. | UNESCO |
| A new phase in the history of Vienna took place when its 34 suburbs were incorporated into the city and the emperor ordered the demolition of the fortifications around the inner city. | UNESCO |
| Criterion (ii): The urban and architectural qualities of the Historic Centre of Vienna bear outstanding witness to a continuing interchange of values throughout the second millennium. | UNESCO |
| Criterion (iv): Three key periods of European cultural and political development xe2x80x93 the Middle Ages, the Baroque period, and the Grxc3xbcnderzeit xe2x80x93 are exceptionally well illustrated by the urban and architectural heritage of the Historic Centre of Vienna. | UNESCO |
| Criterion (vi): Since the 16th century Vienna has been universally acknowledged to be the musical capital of Europe. | UNESCO |
| Within the boundaries of the 371xc2xa0ha Historic Centre of Vienna are located all the attributes that sustain its Outstanding Universal Value, including its architectural and urban qualities and layout, and that illustrate its three major phases of development xe2x80x93 medieval, Baroque, and the Grxc3xbcnderzeit xe2x80x93 that symbolize Austrian and central European history. | UNESCO |
| The Historic Centre of Vienna has also maintained its characteristic skyline. | UNESCO |
| In addition to the architectural elements, the Historic Centre of Vienna has retained its role as the music capital of Europe. | UNESCO |
| The historic urban fabric of the Historic Centre of Vienna is thus informed by this ongoing interchange, which has caused the urban landscape to evolve and grow over time, reflected in the new, emerging skyline outside the buffer zone. | UNESCO |
| Viennaxe2x80x99s continuing development requires a very sensitive approach that takes into account the attributes that sustain the Outstanding Universal Value of the property, including its visual qualities, particularly regarding new high-rise constructions. | UNESCO |
| Various legal instruments at both federal and municipal/provincial levels protect the Historic Centre of Vienna and its buffer zone. | UNESCO |
| 533/1923, the most recent amendment entering into force on 1 January 2000), and the municipal Building Code, with its Amendment on Old Town Conservation (Vienna Law Gazette No. | UNESCO |
| Parts of Vienna fall under the regulations of the Vienna Nature Conservation Act (from 1998). | UNESCO |
| In addition to these regulations, the Province of Vienna has adopted a Land Use Plan and Urban Development Plans as planning instruments. | UNESCO |
| The Urban Development Plan lays down the spatial dimensions of the protection zones as defined under the Vienna Old Town Conservation Act. | UNESCO |
| The Management Plan, which was elaborated in 2002, refers to the two World Heritage properties in Vienna (Historic Centre of Vienna, and Palace and Gardens of Schxc3xb6nbrunn). | UNESCO |
| Such challenges led to the adoption in 2005 of the internationally recognised xe2x80x9cVienna Memorandumxe2x80x9d on managing historic urban landscapes. | UNESCO |
| Since then, planning authorities in Vienna have paid particular attention to new, sustainable, appropriate conservation policies. | UNESCO |
| Efforts must be continued to ensure the coherence of new developments with the Outstanding Universal Value of the Historic Centre of Vienna, especially of high-rise buildings outside the buffer zone. | UNESCO |