Occurrence of Attributes in Original Text
The text related to the cultural heritage 'Henderson Island' has mentioned 'Island' in the following places:
| Occurrence Sentence | Text Source |
|---|---|
| Henderson IslandUNESCO World Heritage SiteMap of Henderson IslandLocationPacific OceanCriteriaNatural:xc2xa0vii, xReference487Inscription1988 (12th session)Websitehttps://whc.unesco.org/en/list/487Coordinates24xc2xb021xe2x80xb2S 128xc2xb019xe2x80xb2Wxefxbbxbf / xefxbbxbf24.35xc2xb0S 128.32xc2xb0Wxefxbbxbf / -24.35; -128.32Coordinates: 24xc2xb021xe2x80xb2S 128xc2xb019xe2x80xb2Wxefxbbxbf / xefxbbxbf24.35xc2xb0S 128.32xc2xb0Wxefxbbxbf / -24.35; -128.32Location of Henderson Island in the Pacific Ocean | WIKI |
| Henderson Island (formerly also San Juan Bautista and Elizabeth Island) is an uninhabited island in the south Pacific Ocean. | WIKI |
| Ten of its 51 flowering plants, all four of its land birds and about a third of the identified insects and gastropods are endemic xe2x80x93 a remarkable diversity given the island's size. | WIKI |
| The island was settled by Polynesians xe2x80x94 possibly as early as 800 AD xe2x80x94 but by the 1600s it had been abandoned. | WIKI |
| There is good evidence that the island was continuously occupied for a 600-year period sometime between those dates. | WIKI |
| On 29 January 1606, Portuguese captain Pedro Fernandes de Queirxc3xb3s, leading a Spanish expedition in search of the fabled great south land (Terra Australis), was the first European to see the island, and named it San Juan Bautista. | WIKI |
| [4] More than 200 years later, on 17 January 1819, Captain Henderson of the British East India Company ship Hercules rediscovered the island. | WIKI |
| Six weeks later, on 2 March 1819, Captain Henry King, in the Elizabeth, landed on the island to find the king's colors already flying. | WIKI |
| His crew scratched the name of their ship into a tree, and for a while the island was known as both Elizabeth and Henderson Island. | WIKI |
| Thomas Raine, master of the ship Surry of London, named it Henderson's Island because it appeared to him, from a conversation he had with James Henderson at Valparaxc3xadso, to have been Henderson's discovery. | WIKI |
| They found the island's only known drinkable water source xe2x80x93 a brackish spring on the north shore, exposed at half tide xe2x80x93 and ate fish, birds, eggs, crabs and peppergrass, but within a week they had largely exhausted the readily available food. | WIKI |
| In 1902, Henderson Island, along with Oeno and Ducie islands, was formally annexed to the British Empire by Captain G. F. Jones, who visited the islands in a cutter with a crew of Pitcairn Islanders. | WIKI |
| In August 1937, HMS Leander, on a journey from Europe to New Zealand, carried out an aerial survey of Henderson, Oeno and Ducie, and, on each island, a British flag was planted and an inscription was nailed up proclaiming: "This island belongs to H.B.M. | WIKI |
| Henderson Island | WIKI |
| In 1957, a 27-year-old American, Robert Tomarchin, lived the life of a castaway on the island for approximately 2xc2xa0months, accompanied by a pet chimpanzee, apparently as a publicity stunt, until people from Pitcairn rescued him in two longboats. | WIKI |
| In the early 1980s, the American businessman Arthur "Smiley" Ratliff expressed interest in establishing a mansion for himself on the island, with an airstrip. | WIKI |
| [9] The Pitcairn Island Council approved his plans but, after environmentalists lobbied to protect the natural ecology and environment of the island, the British Foreign and Commonwealth Office overrode the decision and vetoed the proposed development. | WIKI |
| Henderson Island was listed as a World Heritage Site in 1988. | WIKI |
| In 2019, a group of scientists, journalists, film makers and artists took part in an expedition to Henderson Island to investigate plastic pollution and marine litter on the island. | WIKI |
| Five members of the expedition became stranded on the island when their inflatable craft capsized. | WIKI |
| Henderson Island is a raised coral atoll that, with Pitcairn, Ducie and Oeno islands, forms the Pitcairn Island Group. | WIKI |
| This coral limestone island sits atop a conical (presumed volcanic) mound, rising from a depth of roughly 3,500 metres (11,500xc2xa0ft). | WIKI |
| Its surface is mostly reef-rubble and dissected limestone xe2x80x93 an extremely rugged mixture of steep, jagged pinnacles and shallow sinkholes xe2x80x93 and, except for the north end, the island is encircled by steep limestone cliffs up to 15 metres (49xc2xa0ft) high. | WIKI |
| The depression at the island's center is thought to be a raised lagoon. | WIKI |
| Henderson Island is covered by 5xe2x80x9310xc2xa0m tall tangled scrub forest, more thinly covered in the central depression. | WIKI |
| It has 51 native species of flowering plants, ten of which are endemic to the island. | WIKI |
| The Henderson lorikeet (Vini stepheni), also known as the Stephen's lorikeet, is a species of parrot in the family Psittacidae, endemic to Henderson Island. | WIKI |
| The island is home to four extant endemic land bird species xe2x80x93 the Henderson fruit dove, Henderson lorikeet, Henderson reed warbler and the flightless Henderson crake. | WIKI |
| Three species of the family Columbidae xe2x80x93 the Henderson ground dove, the Henderson imperial pigeon and the Henderson archaic pigeon xe2x80x93 as well as a species of Polynesian sandpiper, were formerly endemic to the island, but became extinct when the Polynesians arrived around 1000 CE. | WIKI |
| Of the fifteen non-endemic seabird species found, nine or more are believed to breed on the island. | WIKI |
| It is believed to now nest uniquely on Henderson island. | WIKI |
| Bones associated with prehistoric Polynesian settlement sites dating to somewhere between 500 and 800 years ago include those of the Polynesian storm petrel, Marquesan imperial pigeon, and Polynesian or Pacific imperial pigeon which are no longer found on the island, and two others xe2x80x93 Christmas shearwater and red-footed booby xe2x80x93 that still visit but no longer nest. | WIKI |
| [14][15] The island has been identified by BirdLife International as an Important Bird Area for its endemic landbirds and breeding seabirds. | WIKI |
| The invertebrate species are largely unknown but a third of the island's known non-marine gastropods and insects are endemic. | WIKI |
| Land bird populations appear to be relatively stable but there is a high risk of introduction to the island of predators, disease vectors, and diseases by unauthorized landings of yachts. | WIKI |
| [21][22][23] In June 2019, an expedition organised by the UK Government attempted to remove some of the plastic debris from the island's East beach. | WIKI |
| The team collected six tonnes of rubbish, but weather conditions hampered efforts to take the rubbish off the island. | WIKI |
| Henderson Island is a remote and uninhabited elevated coral atoll located in the eastern South Pacific. | UNESCO |
| Covering some 3,700 ha but unsuitable for agriculture and with little fresh water, the island has no major land mass within a 5,000 km radius. | UNESCO |
| It exhibits remarkable biological diversity given the islandxe2x80x99s size, with four endemic species of land birds, ten taxa of endemic vascular plants and large breeding seabird colonies. | UNESCO |
| It is of Outstanding Universal Value due to the comparatively low level of disturbance which provides a key for baseline information on similar atolls, and its isolation makes it ideal for studying the dynamics of island evolution and natural selection. | UNESCO |
| Criterion (vii): As one of the last near-pristine limestone islands of significant size in the world, Henderson Island retains its exceptional natural beauty with its white, sandy beaches, limestone cliffs, and rich and almost undisturbed vegetation. | UNESCO |
| With its vast numbers of breeding seabirds, the island is an outstanding example of a raised and forested oceanic coral atoll with its fundamental features intact. | UNESCO |
| The island today is the only known breeding site of the endangered Henderson Petrel and is an important breeding area for at least ten other seabird species. | UNESCO |
| As the island has never been intensively studied it seems likely that other as yet unidentified endemics occur. | UNESCO |
| For example, the island's invertebrate fauna is little known but about one-third of the insects and gastropods so far collected are endemic. | UNESCO |
| Henderson was colonised by Polynesians between the 12th and 15th centuries, but since then the island has remained uninhabited. | UNESCO |
| The inhospitable nature of the island, together with its remoteness and inaccessibility, has so far effectively ensured its conservation. | UNESCO |
| As a near-pristine island ecosystem, it is of immense value for science. | UNESCO |
| The challenge of preventing new introductions, especially as the island is unguarded and tourists as well as fishermen regularly land on the island, are one of the greatest threats to the continued integrity of the property. | UNESCO |
| Henderson Island is Crown Land within the Pitcairn Islands group, an Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom. | UNESCO |
| The Island Council, comprising a Mayor, Secretary, the Chairman of the Internal Affairs Committee, four elected officials, and two appointed advisers, is responsible for the local government and administration of internal affairs within the Pitcairn Islands, including decisions on when to visit any of the other islands in the Pitcairn group. | UNESCO |
| There is also a Conservation and Quarantine Officer whose remit includes Henderson Island. | UNESCO |
| Access to Henderson requires a licence issued by the Governor (through the Pitcairn Island Administration office) in consultation with the Island Council. | UNESCO |
| The local population on Pitcairn includes some 58 inhabitants, making pressure on Henderson Island, located 200 km to its northeast, low. | UNESCO |
| The Henderson Island Management Plan outlines a number of management goals with the principle of working with the Pitcairn Islanders to ensure on-site protection, and to review the legal status of the island with consideration for upgrading it to a Nature Reserve. | UNESCO |