Occurrence of Attributes in Original Text
The text related to the cultural heritage 'Harar Jugol, the Fortified Historic Town' has mentioned 'City' in the following places:
| Occurrence Sentence | Text Source |
|---|---|
| City in Harari, Ethiopia | WIKI |
| Harar [a] (Amharic: xe1x88x90xe1x88xa8xe1x88xad; xe1x8cx8cxe1x8bxad Gxc4x93 "the City",[2] Oromo: Adare Biyyo[3], Somali: Herer, Arabic: xd9x87xd8xb1xd8xb1xe2x80x8e) is a walled city in eastern Ethiopia. | WIKI |
| [3] The city is located on a hilltop in the eastern extension of Oromia, about five hundred kilometers from the seat of federal Government and Oromia's capital Addis Ababa at an elevation of 1,885 metres (6,184xc2xa0ft). | WIKI |
| [4] According to the census of 1994, on which this estimate is based, the city had a population of 76,378. | WIKI |
| Harar Jugol, the old walled city, was listed as a World Heritage Site in 2006 by UNESCO in recognition of its cultural heritage. | WIKI |
| [5] Because of Harar's long history of involvement during times of trade in the Arabian Peninsula, the Government of Ethiopia has made it a criminal offence to demolish or interfere with any historical sites or fixtures in the city. | WIKI |
| According to UNESCO, it is "considered 'the fourth holiest city' of Islam" with 82 mosques, three of which date from the 10th century, and 102 shrines. | WIKI |
| Yahyxc3xa1 Naxe1xb9xa3rallxc4x81h's Fatxe1xb8xa5 Madxc4xabnat Harar, an unpublished history of the city in the 13th century, records that the Qadi Abadir Umar ar-Rida and several other religious leaders settled in Harar c.xe2x80x891216 (612 AH). | WIKI |
| [9] The city saw a political decline during the ensuing Emirate of Harar, only regaining some significance in the Khedivate of Egypt period. | WIKI |
| During the Ethiopian Empire, the city decayed while maintaining a certain cultural prestige. | WIKI |
| [11][12] In the Islamic period, the city was under an alliance of confederated states of Zeila. | WIKI |
| The sixteenth century was the city's Golden Age. | WIKI |
| His successor, Emir Nur ibn Mujahid, built a protective wall around the city. | WIKI |
| A later ruler, Imam Muhammed Jasa, a kinsman of Ahmad Gragn, known as, Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al Ghazi yielded to the pressures of increasing Oromo raids and in 1577 abandoned the city, relocating to Aussa and making his brother ruler of Harar. | WIKI |
| The Imamate of Aussa declined over the next century while Harar regained its independence under `Ali ibn Da`ud, the founder of a dynasty that ruled the city from 1647 until 1875, when it was conquered by Egypt. | WIKI |
| [27] Harar was also the home of numerous Somali scholars who came to the city to study the most notable being Sheikh Madar. | WIKI |
| [30] During the period of Egyptian rule (1875-1884), Arthur Rimbaud lived in the city as the local functionary of several different commercial companies based in Aden; he returned in 1888 to resume trading in coffee, musk, and skins until a fatal disease forced him to return to France. | WIKI |
| Harar lost some of its commercial importance with the creation of the French-built Addis Ababaxe2x80x93Djibouti Railway, initially intended to run via the city but diverted north of the mountains between Harar and the Awash River to save money. | WIKI |
| The 1st battalion of the Nigeria Regiment, advancing from Jijiga by way of the Marda Pass, captured the city for the allies 29 March 1941. | WIKI |
| In 1995, the city and its environs became an Ethiopian region (or kilil) in its own right. | WIKI |
| A pipeline to carry water to the city from Dire Dawa is currently under construction. | WIKI |
| According to the latest census Harar city has close to 100,000 residents. | WIKI |
| [46][47][48] The indigenous Harari natives who once were majority within the walled city are under 15%, due to ethnic cleansing by the Haile Selassie regime. | WIKI |
| Besides the stone wall surrounding the city, the old town is home to 110 mosques and many more shrines, centered on Feres Magala square. | WIKI |
| Other places of interest include the highest amba overlooking the city, the Kondudo or "W" mountain, which hosts an ancient population of feral horses. | WIKI |
| The walls surrounding this sacred city, considered xe2x80x9cthe fourth holy cityxe2x80x9d of Islam, were built between the 13th and 16th centuries and served as a protective barrier. | UNESCO |
| There were five historic gates, which corresponded to the main roads to the town and also served to divide the city into five neighbourhoods, but this division is not functional anymore. | UNESCO |
| The African and Islamic traditions influenced over a long period of time the development of the city and its typical urban planning and contributed to its particular character and uniqueness. | UNESCO |
| Criterion (ii): The historic town of Harar Jugol exhibits an important interchange of values of original Islamic culture, expressed in the social and cultural development of the city enclosed within the otherwise Christian region. | UNESCO |
| It is considered xe2x80x9cthe fourth holy cityxe2x80x9d of Islam, having been developed by a holy missionary from the Arabic Peninsula. | UNESCO |
| The inscribed property of Harar Jugol has a core zone of 48 ha which encompass the entire walled city and contains all the attributes that sustain the Outstanding Universal Value of the property. | UNESCO |
| Although there have been some urban development towards the west and north parts, the historic city remains intact on the eastern and south-eastern part of the walled town where the essential relationship between the urban and rural areas is still maintained. | UNESCO |
| Except for some changes that took place in the 19th and 20th centuries, such as the replacement of the principal Mosque by the Orthodox Church, and the enlargement of the main street leading from the western gate, the historic city has kept its traditional housing reasonably intact. | UNESCO |
| The historic city is physically limited and well defined by its 16th century surrounding wall and the setting has been retained along the eastern and south-eastern sides of the property. | UNESCO |