Occurrence of Attributes in Original Text
The text related to the cultural heritage 'Fraser Island' has mentioned 'Island' in the following places:
| Occurrence Sentence | Text Source |
|---|---|
| This article is about the island in Australia. | WIKI |
| For the island in Canada's Nunavut Territory, see Fraser Island (Nunavut). | WIKI |
| Fraser Island or K'gari is the traditional land of the Butchulla people,[2] and a heritage-listed island located along the southeastern coast in the Wide Bayxe2x80x93Burnett region, Queensland, Australia. | WIKI |
| [6] In the 2016 census, the island had a population of 182 people. | WIKI |
| Among the islands are Slain Island, Tooth Island, Roundbush Island, Moonboom Island, Gardner Island, Dream Island, Stewart Island, and the Reef Islands, all part of the southernmost parish of Talboor. | WIKI |
| [8] The island is considered to be the largest sand island in the world at 1,840 square kilometres (710xc2xa0sqxc2xa0mi). | WIKI |
| [7] It is also Queensland's largest island, Australia's sixth largest island and the largest island on the east coast of Australia. | WIKI |
| [9] The island is home to a small number of mammal species,[10] as well as a diverse range of birds, reptiles and amphibians, including the occasional saltwater crocodile. | WIKI |
| The island is protected as part of the Great Sandy National Park. | WIKI |
| [11][9] Explorer James Cook sailed by the island in May 1770. | WIKI |
| Matthew Flinders landed near the most northern point of the island in 1802. | WIKI |
| For a short period the island was known as Great Sandy Island. | WIKI |
| The island became known as Fraser Island due to the stories of a shipwreck survivor named Eliza Fraser. | WIKI |
| The island is a popular tourism destination. | WIKI |
| In 2020, bushfires burned over half of the island's bushland. | WIKI |
| The most northern point of the island is Sandy Cape where the Sandy Cape Light operated from 1870 to 1994. | WIKI |
| [14] The establishment of the lighthouse was the first permanent European settlement on the island. | WIKI |
| [15] The nearest large town to the island is Hervey Bay, while Maryborough and Bundaberg are also close by. | WIKI |
| The most westerly place on the island is Moon Point. | WIKI |
| [16] Some of the swamps on the island are fens, particularly near Moon Point. | WIKI |
| That was only discovered in 1996, when a group of experts who had attended a Ramsar conference in Brisbane flew over the island and conducted an aerial survey. | WIKI |
| [19] Along the eastern coast of the island the process is removing more sand than it is depositing, resulting in the slow erosion of beaches which may accelerate with sea level rises attributed to climate change. | WIKI |
| Sandblows are parabolic dunes which move across the island via the wind and are devoid of vegetation. | WIKI |
| In 2004, there was an estimated total of 36 sandblows on the island. | WIKI |
| [16] With year-round south-easterly wind, the sand dunes on the island move at the rate of 1 to 2xc2xa0metres a year and grow to a height of 244xc2xa0metres. | WIKI |
| Coffee rock, so-called because when it is dissolved in water it turns the colour of coffee, is found in outcrops along the beaches on both sides of the island. | WIKI |
| [17] The freshwater lakes on the island are some of the cleanest in the world. | WIKI |
| Fresh water on the island may become stained by organic acids found in decaying vegetation. | WIKI |
| Because of the organic acids, a pH level as low as 3.7 has been measured in some of the island's perched lakes. | WIKI |
| Another perched lake on Fraser Island is Lake Boomanjin which, at 200xc2xa0hectares in size, is the largest perched lake on any sea island in the world. | WIKI |
| [23] In total there are 40 perched lakes on the island, half of all known lakes of this kind on the planet. | WIKI |
| [16] Lake Wabby is the deepest lake on the island, at 12 metres (39xc2xa0ft) in depth, and is also the least acidic, which means it has the most aquatic life of all the lakes. | WIKI |
| Most of the valleys on the island have creeks which are fed by springs. | WIKI |
| [16] Motor boats and jet skis are banned from the lakes on the island. | WIKI |
| Cyclones can be a threat; Cyclone Hamish brushed the island as a category 5 in March 2009, while Cyclone Oswald in January 2013 was significantly weaker at a Category 1. | WIKI |
| Both storms however caused severe beach erosion, particularly on the island's northern tip. | WIKI |
| [29] There are 19 species of bats which live on or visit the island. | WIKI |
| Until 2003, when they were removed by the Environmental Protection Agency,[30] there were a few brumbies (horses) on the island, descendants of Arab stock turned loose for breeding purposes, and joined in 1879 by horses brought over for the logging industry. | WIKI |
| The island dingoes are reputedly some of the last remaining 'pure' dingoes in Eastern Australia and to prevent cross-breeding, dogs are not allowed on the island. | WIKI |
| According to DNA-examinations from the year 2004, the island dingoes are "pure". | WIKI |
| A University of Queensland researcher, Nick Baker, claims the island dingoes have adopted unusual behaviour. | WIKI |
| Rather than hunt in small packs, island dingoes had developed a tolerance for each other and work together in one big hunting pack. | WIKI |
| [36] Dingo-proof fences, consisting of metals bars across a concrete pit and a 1.8xc2xa0m high mesh fence were built around nine island settlements in 2008, to keep the dingoes out of the townships. | WIKI |
| [22] Goannas, snakes, geckos, skinks and frogs are all present on the island. | WIKI |
| Some frog species have evolved to cope with the acidic waters of lakes and swamps on the island, and are appropriately called acid frogs. | WIKI |
| [28][32] The island is home to the recently discovered Fraser Island sand skink. | WIKI |
| Freshwater turtles such as Kreffts river turtle are found in the island's lakes and creeks. | WIKI |
| Saltwater crocodiles are exclusively tropical reptiles and usually found in Far North Queensland (several hundred kilometres north-west of Fraser Island), however, occasionally during the warmer season (December through March, when water temperatures reach consistent tropical temperatures) crocodiles may appear in areas in and around the island. | WIKI |
| Crocodiles do not breed nor do they appear to have any permanent populations living on the island. | WIKI |
| [41] There are over 350 different species of birds on the island. | WIKI |
| The island is visited by 20 species of migratory wader birds from as far afield as Siberia. | WIKI |
| [29] The island provides habitat for 22 different species of gull and tern, four species of falcon and six species of kingfisher. | WIKI |
| [42] A rare bird on the island is the eastern ground parrot, already extinct in some parts of Australia. | WIKI |
| [28] Mud crabs are found on the western side of the island near mangrove-lined estuaries. | WIKI |
| [23] 24 freshwater fish species are found in the island's lakes. | WIKI |
| [29] Long finned eels and giant earthworms are also found on the island. | WIKI |
| More than 865 species of plants grow on the island. | WIKI |
| [28] The island contains the largest extent of wallum heath remnants in Queensland. | WIKI |
| Scribbly gums, red gums, piccabeen palms, blue quandong, brush box and pandanus all grow on the island. | WIKI |
| [16] The rare Angiopteris evecta, a species of fern that has the largest fronds in the world, grows on the island. | WIKI |
| [16] Persoonia prostrata was a shrub native to the island which is now extinct. | WIKI |
| [29] Each lake on the island is surrounded by concentric vegetation zones. | WIKI |
| Before the local government reorganisation, the island was split up evenly between the City of Hervey Bay (northern part) and the City of Maryborough (southern part). | WIKI |
| [20] Now almost all of the island is included in the Great Sandy National Park, which is administered by Queensland's Environmental Protection Agency. | WIKI |
| Except for a few small urban areas the island is protected by a Wild Rivers declaration. | WIKI |
| The ban, first applied in 1981,[35] is imposed so that the island's dingo population is not exposed to diseases. | WIKI |
| North end of island: Sandy Cape Light[14] Protected Area: SS Marloo[47] | WIKI |
| The island was placed on the Australian National Heritage List on 21 May 2007. | WIKI |
| The earliest known name of the island is 'K'gari' in the Butchulla people's language (pronounced 'gurri'). | WIKI |
| So Yendingie changed her into a heavenly island xe2x80x93 Fraser Island. | WIKI |
| After European colonisation it was called 'Great Sandy Island' then 'Fraser Island' due to the stories disseminated by Eliza Fraser about her 1836 shipwreck on the island. | WIKI |
| In 2011 the name K'gari was entered as an alternate name for the island in the Queensland Place Names register. | WIKI |
| [49] In 2017 the island portion of Great Sandy National Park was renamed to K'gari (Fraser Island) National Park,[50] in recognition of Butchulla people who had been campaigning for the island to regain the name officially, which continues. | WIKI |
| Captain James Fraser and his wife, Eliza Fraser, were shipwrecked on the island in 1836. | WIKI |
| The ship was holed on coral while travelling through the Great Barrier Reef north of the island. | WIKI |
| The sinking boat and its crew was beached on what was then known as the Great Sandy Island. | WIKI |
| [56][57] However, due to the sensational nature of Fraser's stories, 'Fraser Island' became K'Gari's official name. | WIKI |
| [10] By 1890, it was reported the permanent Butchulla island population had been reduced to only 300 people. | WIKI |
| [59] Most of these people were taken off the island in 1904 and relocated to missions in Yarrabah and Durundur, Queensland. | WIKI |
| [60] It is estimated that up to 500 Indigenous archaeological sites are located on the island. | WIKI |
| This essentially enables Butchulla people to hunt, fish and take water for domestic purposes; and opens the island up to economic opportunities for current and future generations of Butchulla people through ecotourism and related business development. | WIKI |
| The first recorded Britisher to sight Fraser Island was James Cook who passed along the coast of the island between 18 and 20 May 1770. | WIKI |
| [61] Matthew Flinders sailed past the island in 1799, and again in 1802, this time landing at Sandy Cape,[62] while charting Hervey Bay. | WIKI |
| [69] The force landed on the west coast of the island where the divisions split up to scour the region. | WIKI |
| [74] Public interest was stirred and Arnold was requested by the New South Wales Government to return to the island with a rescue party, obtaining the right to a xc2xa3200 bonus if the girls were brought back. | WIKI |
| At the end of 1899 there were 137 Indigenous people from 25 different locations, including some who had served prison sentences in places like St Helena Island and Townsville Gaol and had been refused permission to return to their homes. | WIKI |
| [90] Once in Yarrabah, similarly poor living standards greeted these people and those who become troublesome were transferred to Fitzroy Island. | WIKI |
| Logging on the island began in 1863, initiated by American Jack Piggott (known as 'Yankee Jack'). | WIKI |
| [20] Piggott's contribution, however, was limited as he was killed the following year by Indigenous people on the northern part of the island after what was rumoured to be a "black-shooting expedition" went awry. | WIKI |
| The geology of the island includes extensive deposits of rutile, ilmenite, zircon and monazite. | WIKI |
| [96] Eventually the Fraser Government cancelled the company's mineral export license, which halted mining on the island. | WIKI |
| As part of ongoing meetings in the United Nations Trusteeship Council on the Conditions in the Trust Territories, the Republic of Nauru expressed concern that its phosphate mining exportation would be depleted by the end of the century, endangering the future of the island. | WIKI |
| [101] In 1964 in the 31st session of United Nations Trusteeship Council meetings it was concluded that Curtis Island could provide a more satisfactory resettlement for the population of Nauru. | WIKI |
| [100] Nauru rejected the offer of moving the entire population to Curtis Island due to political independence considerations that Australia would not agree to. | WIKI |
| [99] When visiting the island in 1964, the head of the Nauru delegation, Hammer de Roburt, insisted on this point of sovereignty in order to protect his people from the overt racism that he himself experienced on this tour. | WIKI |
| On 14 October 2020, a large bushfire was started on the island by an illegal campfire. | WIKI |
| [106] This was the longest burning fire of the 2020xe2x80x9321 bushfire season up to 14 December 2020 as it had been burning since October, over two months, and as of that date, more than half the island had been "blackened" by fire. | WIKI |
| The island reopened to tourists on 15 December. | WIKI |
| The fire was still burning, but the island was declared safe for visitors, though some walking trails and burner areas were still restricted for safety. | WIKI |
| Fraser Island is one of Queensland's most popular islands for tourists, who can reach the island by ferry from Hervey Bay or Rainbow Beach, which takes approximately 50-minutes. | WIKI |
| [108] Estimates of the number of visitors to the island each year range from 350,000 to 500,000. | WIKI |
| [35][109] The chance of seeing a dingo in its natural setting is one of the main reasons people visit the island. | WIKI |
| [110] Everyone who hires a vehicle on the island from an organisation accredited by the Fraser Coast 4WD Operators Association must attend a one-hour-long briefing on vehicle safety. | WIKI |
| The island can be reached by a ferry from River Heads (South of Hervey Bay) to Kingfisher Bay and Wanggoolba Creek or Inskip Point to north of Rainbow Beach to Hook Point, or by chartered flight from Maroochydore Airport. | WIKI |
| A four-wheel drive is required for all landings (except Kingfisher Bay), and travel on the island (except within the Kingfisher Bay Resort). | WIKI |
| [112] Tour buses travel the island as well as several kinds of self-drive tours departing regularly from Hervey Bay, Rainbow Beach and Noosa. | WIKI |
| Fishing is banned in the island's creeks and lakes. | WIKI |
| There are various possibilities for overnight hiking on the island. | WIKI |
| The property covers 181,851 hectares and includes all of Fraser Island and several small islands off the island's west coast. | UNESCO |
| It is the worldxe2x80x99s largest sand island, offering an outstanding example of ongoing biological, hydrological and geomorphological processes. | UNESCO |
| The development of rainforest vegetation on coastal dune systems at the scale found on Fraser Island is unique, plus the island boasts the worldxe2x80x99s largest unconfined aquifer on a sand island. | UNESCO |
| Criterion (vii): Fraser Island is the largest sand island in the world, containing a diverse range of features that are of exceptional natural beauty. | UNESCO |
| Half of the worldxe2x80x99s perched freshwater dune lakes occur on the island, producing a spectacular and varied landscape. | UNESCO |
| The worldxe2x80x99s largest unconfined aquifer on a sand island has also been found here. | UNESCO |
| The process of soil formation on the island is also unique, since as a result of the successive overlaying of dune systems, a chronosequence of podzol development from the younger dune systems on the east to the oldest systems on the west change from rudimentary profiles less than 0.5 metres thick to giant forms more than 25 metres thick. | UNESCO |
| A small area of private land on the island is managed to ensure the propertyxe2x80x99s values are maintained. | UNESCO |
| As the majority of the island is national park, the strongly protective provisions of the Nature Conservation Act 1992 and the Recreation Areas Management Act 2006 apply. | UNESCO |
| The narrow marine zone surrounding the island lies within the Great Sandy Marine Park and is subject to the provisions of the Marine Parks Act 2004. | UNESCO |