Occurrence of Attributes in Original Text
The text related to the cultural heritage 'Everglades National Park' has mentioned 'Everglades' in the following places:
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| Everglades National ParkIUCN category II (national park)Sunset over the Everglades river of grassLocation in FloridaShow map of FloridaLocation in the United StatesShow map of the United StatesLocationMiami-Dade, Monroe, & Collier counties, Florida, United StatesNearestxc2xa0cityFlorida CityEverglades CityCoordinates25xc2xb018xe2x80xb245xe2x80xb3N 80xc2xb041xe2x80xb215xe2x80xb3Wxefxbbxbf / xefxbbxbf25.3125000xc2xb0N 80.6875000xc2xb0Wxefxbbxbf / 25.3125000; -80.6875000Coordinates: 25xc2xb018xe2x80xb245xe2x80xb3N 80xc2xb041xe2x80xb215xe2x80xb3Wxefxbbxbf / xefxbbxbf25.3125000xc2xb0N 80.6875000xc2xb0Wxefxbbxbf / 25.3125000; -80.6875000[1]Area1,508,976 acres (6,106.61xc2xa0km2)1,508,243 acres (6,103.6xc2xa0km2) federal[2]AuthorizedMayxc2xa030,xc2xa01934xc2xa0(1934-05-30)Visitors597,124 (inxc2xa02018)[3]Governingxc2xa0bodyNational Park ServiceWebsiteEverglades National Park UNESCO World Heritage SiteTypeNaturalCriteriaviii, ix, xDesignated1979 (3rd session)Referencexc2xa0no.76State PartyUnited StatesRegionEurope and North AmericaEndangered1993xe2x80x932007;2010xe2x80x93present Ramsar WetlandDesignated4 June 1987Referencexc2xa0no.374[4] | WIKI |
| Everglades National Park is an American national park that protects the southern twenty percent of the original Everglades in Florida. | WIKI |
| [5] Everglades is the third-largest national park in the contiguous United States after Death Valley and Yellowstone. | WIKI |
| UNESCO declared the Everglades & Dry Tortugas Biosphere Reserve in 1976 and listed the park as a World Heritage Site in 1979, and the Ramsar Convention included the park on its list of Wetlands of International Importance in 1987. | WIKI |
| Everglades is one of only three locations in the world to appear on all three lists. | WIKI |
| The Everglades are a network of wetlands and forests fed by a river flowing 0.25 miles (0.40xc2xa0km) per day out of Lake Okeechobee, southwest into Florida Bay. | WIKI |
| Humans have lived for thousands of years in or around the Everglades. | WIKI |
| The park was established in 1934, to protect the quickly vanishing Everglades, and dedicated in 1947, as major canal-building projects were initiated across South Florida. | WIKI |
| The limestone that underlies the Everglades is integral to the diverse ecosystems within the park. | WIKI |
| The amount of time throughout the year that water is present in a location in the Everglades determines the type of soil, of which there only two in the Everglades: peat, created by many years of decomposing plant matter, and marl, the result of dried periphyton, or chunks of algae and microorganisms that create a grayish mud. | WIKI |
| Portions of the Everglades that remain flooded for more than nine months out of the year are usually covered by peat. | WIKI |
| While they are common in the northern portion of Florida, no underground springs feed water into the Everglades system. | WIKI |
| [18] The Everglades has an immense capacity for water storage, owing to the permeable limestone beneath the exposed land. | WIKI |
| Water evaporating from the Everglades becomes rain over metropolitan areas, providing the fresh water supply for the region. | WIKI |
| Water also flows into the park after falling as rain to the north onto the watersheds of the Kissimmee River and other sources of Lake Okeechobee, to appear in the Everglades days later. | WIKI |
| As Florida's population began to grow significantly and urban areas near the Everglades were developed, proponents of the park's establishment faced difficulty in persuading the federal government and the people of Florida that the subtle and constantly shifting ecosystems in the Everglades were just as worthy of protection. | WIKI |
| Sawgrass growing to a height of 6 feet (1.8xc2xa0m) or more, and broad-leafed marsh plants, are so prominent in this region that they gave the Everglades its nickname "River of Grass", cemented in the public imagination in the title for Marjory Stoneman Douglas's book (1947), which culminated years of her advocacy for considering the Everglades ecosystem as more than a "swamp". | WIKI |
| Excellent feeding locations for birds, sloughs in the Everglades attract a great variety of waders such as herons, egrets, roseate spoonbills (Platalea ajaja), ibises and brown pelicans (Pelecanus occidentalis), as well as limpkins (Aramus guarauna) and snail kites that eat apple snails, which in turn feed on the sawgrass. | WIKI |
| [24] Sawgrass and other water plants grow shorter in freshwater marl than they do in peat, the other type of soil in the Everglades which is found where water remains present longer throughout the year. | WIKI |
| Marl prairies may go dry in some parts of the year; alligators play a vital role in maintaining life in remote parts of the Everglades by burrowing in the mud during the dry season, creating pools of water where fish and amphibians survive from one year to the next. | WIKI |
| Trees in the Everglades, including wild tamarind (Lysiloma latisiliquum) and gumbo-limbo (Bursera simaruba), rarely grow higher than 50 feet (15xc2xa0m) because of wind, fire, and climate. | WIKI |
| About 160 Florida panthers inhabit hammocks and pinelands of the Everglades. | WIKI |
| Mangrove trees cover the coastlines of South Florida, sometimes growing inland depending on the amount of salt water present within the Everglades ecosystems. | WIKI |
| Three species of mangrove treesxe2x80x94red (Rhizophora mangle), black (Avicennia germinans), and white (Laguncularia racemosa)xe2x80x94can be found in the Everglades. | WIKI |
| [43] Heavy wet seasons also cause floods when rain from the north flows into the Everglades. | WIKI |
| Animal life in this zone is dependent upon the amount of water present, but commonly found animals include Cape Sable seaside sparrow (Ammodramus maritimus mirabilis), Everglades snail kite (Rostrhamus sociabilis), wood stork (Mycteria americana), eastern indigo snake (Drymarchon couperi), and small mammals such as rats, mice, and rabbits. | WIKI |
| Main article: Indigenous people of the Everglades region | WIKI |
| The Everglades served as a natural boundary between them. | WIKI |
| Both groups traveled through the Everglades but rarely lived within them, remaining mostly along the coast. | WIKI |
| Spanish explorers estimated the number of Tequesta at first contact to be around 800, and Calusa at 2,000; the National Park Service reports there were probably about 20,000 natives living in or near the Everglades when the Spanish established contact in the late 16th century. | WIKI |
| The road bisected the Everglades, introducing a steady, if small, traffic of white settlers into the Everglades. | WIKI |
| Everglades City, on the mainland near Chokoloskee, enjoyed a brief period of prosperity when, beginning in 1920, it served as the headquarters for the construction of the Tamiami Trail. | WIKI |
| A dirt road from Florida City reached Flamingo in 1922, while a causeway finally connected Chokoloskee to the mainland's Everglades City in 1956. | WIKI |
| A canal lock being constructed in the Everglades in 1906 | WIKI |
| Several attempts were made to drain and develop the Everglades in the 1880s. | WIKI |
| The first canals built in the Everglades did little harm to the ecosystem, as they were unable to drain much of it. | WIKI |
| [63] Napoleon Bonaparte Broward based the majority of his 1904 campaign for governor on how drainage would create "The Empire of the Everglades". | WIKI |
| The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers began construction on larger canals to control the rising waters in the Everglades. | WIKI |
| Politicians who declared the Everglades uninhabitable were silenced when a four-story wall, the Herbert Hoover Dike, was built around Lake Okeechobee. | WIKI |
| This wall effectively cut off the water source from the Everglades. | WIKI |
| [69] The largest impact people had on the region was the diversion of water away from the Everglades. | WIKI |
| In the 1940s, Marjory Stoneman Douglas, a freelance writer and former reporter for The Miami Herald, began to research the Everglades for an assignment about the Miami River. | WIKI |
| She studied the land and water for five years and published The Everglades: River of Grass in 1947, describing the area in great detail, including a chapter on its disappearance. | WIKI |
| "[72] The book has sold 500,000 copies since its publication, and Douglas's continued dedication to ecology conservation earned her the nicknames "Grand Dame of the Everglades", "Grandmother of the Everglades" and "the anti-Christ" for her singular focus at the expense of some political interests. | WIKI |
| [73] She founded and served as president for an organization called Friends of the Everglades, initially intended to protest the construction of a proposed Big Cypress jetport in 1968. | WIKI |
| Successful in that confrontation, the organization has grown to over 4,000 members, committed to the preservation of the Everglades. | WIKI |
| [74] She wrote and spoke about the importance of the Everglades until her death at age 108 in 1998. | WIKI |
| Floridians hoping to preserve at least part of the Everglades began to express their concern over diminishing resources in the early 20th century. | WIKI |
| [80] It was dedicated by President Harry Truman on December 6, 1947, one month after Marjory Stoneman Douglas's book The Everglades: River of Grass was released. | WIKI |
| In 2000, Congress approved the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan (CERP), a federal effort to restore the Everglades with the objectives of "restoration, preservation and protection of the south Florida ecosystem while providing for other water-related needs of the region",[88] and claiming to be the largest environmental restoration in history. | WIKI |
| [89] Supporters of the plan included the National Audubon Society, who were accused by Friends of the Everglades and the Biodiversity Legal Foundation of prioritizing agricultural and business interests. | WIKI |
| Approximately 35,600 acres (55.6xc2xa0sqxc2xa0mi; 144.1xc2xa0km2) of man-made wetlands are to be constructed to confine contaminated water before it is released to the Everglades, and 240 miles (390xc2xa0km) of canals that divert water away from the Everglades are to be destroyed. | WIKI |
| The Gulf Coast Visitor Center is closest to Everglades City on State Road 29 along the west coast. | WIKI |
| [109][110] The best viewing locations are in the remote southern and western areas of the Everglades, such as Flamingo and the Ten Thousand Islands. | WIKI |
| Less than 50xc2xa0percent of the Everglades which existed prior to drainage attempts remains intact today. | WIKI |
| In the 1950s and 1960s, 1,400 miles (2,300xc2xa0km) of canals and levees, 150xc2xa0gates and spillways, and 16xc2xa0pumping stations were constructed to direct water toward cities and away from the Everglades. | WIKI |
| With the help of pumps, floodgates, and retention ponds along the park's boundary, the Everglades is presently on life support, alive but diminished. | WIKI |
| About 2,000 crocodiles live in Florida, and there are roughly 100 nests in the Everglades and Biscayne National Parks. | WIKI |
| About 230 live in the wild, primarily in the Everglades and the Big Cypress Swamp. | WIKI |
| [127] The Everglades snail kite eats apple snails almost exclusively, and the Everglades is the only location in the United States where this bird of prey exists. | WIKI |
| [131] It is estimated that within 500 years freshwater habitats in the Everglades National Park will be obliterated by salt water, leaving only the northernmost portion of the Everglades. | WIKI |
| Further information: List of invasive species in the Everglades and Burmese pythons in Florida | WIKI |
| Many of the biological controls such as weather, disease, and consumers who naturally limit plants in their native environments do not exist in the Everglades, causing many to grow larger and multiply far beyond their average numbers in their native habitats. | WIKI |
| Species that adapt the most aggressively to conditions in the Everglades, by spreading quickly or competing with native species that sometimes are threatened or endangered, are called "invasive". | WIKI |
| [135] Similarly, animals often do not find the predators or natural barriers to reproduction in the Everglades as they do where they originate, thus they often reproduce more quickly and efficiently. | WIKI |
| Criterion (viii): The Everglades is a vast, nearly flat, seabed that was submerged at the end of the last Ice Age. | UNESCO |
| Criterion (ix): The Everglades contains vast subtropical wetlands and coastal/marine ecosystems including freshwater marshes, tropical hardwood hammocks, pine rocklands, extensive mangrove forests, saltwater marshes, and seagrass ecosystems important to commercial and recreational fisheries. | UNESCO |
| While the park contains just 20 percent of the original Everglades ecosystem, it is a good representation of the range of original habitats. | UNESCO |
| Water management manipulations have been recognized as the largest environmental threat to the park and the larger Everglades ecosystem. | UNESCO |
| Strong cooperative partnerships and/or formal agreements are in place with the various Federal, State, Local, and Tribal governments that manage the Everglades. | UNESCO |
| Consultation with stakeholders is a requirement of the Everglades Restoration process. | UNESCO |
| The Everglades Coalition, which brings together the major environmental non-governmental stakeholders in south Florida, works to bring greater attention to environmental protection requirements. | UNESCO |