Occurrence of Attributes in Original Text
The text related to the cultural heritage 'Ellora Caves' has mentioned 'Cave' in the following places:
| Occurrence Sentence | Text Source |
|---|---|
| It is one of the largest rock-cut Hindu temple cave complexes in the world, featuring Hinduism in particular and few Buddhist and Jain monuments with Artwork dating from the 600xe2x80x931000 CE period. | WIKI |
| [1][2] Cave 16 features the largest single monolithic rock excavation in the world, the Kailash temple, a chariot shaped monument dedicated to Lord Shiva. | WIKI |
| Contents 1 Etymology 2 Location 3 Chronology 4 The Hindu monuments: Caves 13xe2x80x9329 4.1 Early Hindu temples: Dhumar Lena, Cave 29 4.2 Rameshwar temple, Cave 21 4.3 The Kailxc4x81xc5x9ba temple: Cave 16 4.4 The Dashavatara: Cave 15 4.5 Other Hindu caves 5 The Buddhist monuments: Caves 1xe2x80x9312 6 The Vishvakarma Cave 7 The Jain monuments: Caves 30xe2x80x9334 7.1 Chotta Kailasha: Cave 30 7.2 Cave 31 7.3 The Indra Sabha: Cave 32 7.4 The Jagannatha Sabha: Cave 33 7.5 Cave 34 7.6 Rock carved image of Lord Parshvanath 8 Visitors, desecration and damage 9 Ellora inscriptions 10 Painted carvings and paintings 11 In popular culture 12 See also 13 References 13.1 Bibliography 14 External links | WIKI |
| [3] In the Indian tradition, each cave is named and has a suffix Guha (Sanskrit), Lena or Leni (Marathi), meaning cave. | WIKI |
| However, it is considered likely that some of the earliest caves, such as Cave 29 (Hindu), were built by the Shiva-inspired Kalachuri dynasty, while the Buddhist caves were built by the Chalukya dynasty. | WIKI |
| Parvati and Dancing Shiva (right) in an Ellora cave | WIKI |
| [27] Work first began in Caves 14 and 15 with Cave 16, the world's largest monolith,[citation needed] being the last of the three to be constructed. | WIKI |
| Early Hindu temples: Dhumar Lena, Cave 29[edit] | WIKI |
| View from Cave 29 The Stone Pillar at the Kailashanatha Temple (Cave #16) | WIKI |
| Cave 29, also called Dhumar Lena, is one of earliest excavations in Ellora and among the largest. | WIKI |
| [30] Early Hindu temple building in the cave centred around the "Vale Ganga", a natural waterfall that was integrated into the monument. | WIKI |
| [31] The carvings in this cave are larger than life size but, according to author Dhavalikar, they are "corpulent, stumpy with disproportionate limbs" compared to those found in other Ellora caves. | WIKI |
| Rameshwar temple, Cave 21[edit] | WIKI |
| Goddess Ganga at the entrance of Cave 21 | WIKI |
| Cave 21, also called Rameshwar Lena, is another early excavation[33][34] whose construction has been credited to the Kalachuri dynasty. | WIKI |
| The cave was completed prior to the ascension of Rashtrakuta dynasty which went on to expand the caves at Ellora[3] | WIKI |
| Although the cave features similar works to those in other Ellora caves, it also has a number of unique pieces, such as those depicting the story of goddess Parvati's pursuit of Shiva. | WIKI |
| [35] The cave also features a large display of the Sapta Matrika, the seven mother goddesses of the Shakti tradition of Hinduism, flanked on either side by Ganesha and Shiva. | WIKI |
| The entrance to Cave 21 is flanked by large sculptures of the goddesses Ganga and Yamuna representing the two major Himalayan rivers and their significance to the Indian culture. | WIKI |
| The cave is laid out symmetrically according to the mandapa square principle and has embedded geometric patterns repeated throughout the cave. | WIKI |
| The Kailxc4x81xc5x9ba temple: Cave 16[edit] | WIKI |
| Cave 16, known as the Kailasa temple, is a particularly notable cave temple in India as a result of its size, architecture and having been entirely carved out of a single rock. | WIKI |
| The Dashavatara: Cave 15[edit] | WIKI |
| The Dashavatara temple, or Cave 15, is another significant excavation that was completed sometime after Cave 14 (Ravan ki Khai, Hindu). | WIKI |
| Cave 15 has cells and a layout plan that are similar to Buddhist Caves 11 and 12, which suggests this cave was intended to be a Buddhist cave; however, the presence of non-Buddhist features, such as a Nrtya Mandapa (an Indian classical dance pavilion) at its entrance, indicated otherwise. | WIKI |
| According to James Harle, Hindu images have been found in Buddhist Cave 11, while many Hindu deities have been incorporated in Buddhist caves of the region. | WIKI |
| This overlap in disparate designs between Buddhist and Hindu caves may be due to the sites being worked on by the same architects and workers, or perhaps a planned Buddhist cave was adapted into a Hindu monument. | WIKI |
| An early 19th-century painting of Cave 15 | WIKI |
| The Hindu temple housed in Cave 15 has an open court with a free-standing monolithic mandapa at the middle and a two-storeyed excavated temple at the rear. | WIKI |
| According to Coomaraswamy, the finest relief of this cave is the one depicting the death of Hiranyakashipu, where Vishnu in man-lion (Narasimha) form, emerges from a pillar to lay a fatal hand upon his shoulder. | WIKI |
| [56] Other reliefs in Cave 15 include the Gangadhara, marriage of Shiva and Parvati, Tripurantika of Shakti tradition, Markendeya, Garuda, aspects of life, Nandi in mandapa, dancing Shiva, Andhakasura, Govardhanadhari, Gajendravarada and others. | WIKI |
| Other notable Hindu caves are the Ravan ki Khai (Cave 14) and the Nilkantha (Cave 22), both of which house numerous sculptures, Cave 25 in particular features a carving of Surya in its ceiling. | WIKI |
| [61][62] The earliest Buddhist cave is Cave 6, then 5, 2, 3, 5 (right wing), 4, 7, 8, 10 and 9,[60] with caves 11 and 12, also known as Do Thal and Tin Thal respectively, being the last. | WIKI |
| Plan of Cave No. | WIKI |
| 5 (Mahawara Cave) | WIKI |
| Cave 5 is unique among the Ellora caves as it was designed as a hall with a pair of parallel refectory benches in the centre and a Buddha statue in the rear. | WIKI |
| [64] This cave, and Cave 11 of the Kanheri Caves, are the only two Buddhist caves in India arranged in such a way. | WIKI |
| [10] Caves 1 through 9 are all monasteries while Cave 10, the Vxc4xabxc5x9bvakarmxc4x81 Cave, is a major Buddhist prayer hall. | WIKI |
| Numerous tantric Buddhist goddesses are carved in Cave 12. | WIKI |
| The Vishvakarma Cave[edit] | WIKI |
| Notable among the Buddhist caves is Cave 10, a chaitya worship hall called the 'Vishvakarma cave', built around 650 CE. | WIKI |
| [66][67] It is also known as the "Carpenter's Cave", because the rock has been given a finish that has the appearance of wooden beams. | WIKI |
| At the heart of this cave is a 15-foot statue of Buddha seated in a preaching pose. | WIKI |
| Part of the Carpenter's cave (Buddhist Cave 10) | WIKI |
| Cave 10 combines a vihara with a chapel-like worship hall that has eight subsidiary cells, four in the back wall and four in the right,[68] as well as a portico in the front. | WIKI |
| Cave 10 also features a gavaksha, or chandrashala, arched window and a side connection to Cave 9 of Ellora. | WIKI |
| The main hall of the Visvakarma cave is apsidal in plan and is divided into a central nave and side aisles by 28 octagonal columns with plain bracket capitals. | WIKI |
| The entrance of the Cave has a carved facade decorated with numerous Indian motifs including apsaras and meditating monks. | WIKI |
| The various levels of Cave 10 also feature idols of male and female deities, such as Maitreya, Tara, Avalokitesvara (Vajradhamma), Manjusri, Bhrkuti, and Mahamayuri, carved in the Pala dynasty style found in eastern regions of India. | WIKI |
| [70] Some southern Indian influences can also be found in various works in this cave. | WIKI |
| Particularly important Jain shrines are the Chhota Kailash (cave 30, 4 excavations), the Indra Sabha (cave 32, 13 excavations) and the Jagannath Sabha (cave 33, 4 excavations);[75] cave 31 is an unfinished four-pillared hall, and shrine. | WIKI |
| [80] Cave 34 is a small cave, which can be accessed through an opening in the left side of Cave 33. | WIKI |
| Chotta Kailasha: Cave 30[edit] | WIKI |
| [86] However, the iconography has several differences that indicate this cave shows a dancing Indra and not a dancing Shiva. | WIKI |
| Rajan, for example, has proposed that Cave 30 May have originally been a Hindu monument that was later converted into a Jaina temple. | WIKI |
| [88] This imagery is repeated throughout Cave 30, similar to the Hindu caves, setting the context of the temple. | WIKI |
| Cave 31[edit] | WIKI |
| Cave 31, consisting of four pillars, a small shrine a number of carvings, was not completed. | WIKI |
| The Indra Sabha: Cave 32[edit] | WIKI |
| Painting in Cave 32 | WIKI |
| The Indra Sabha (Cave 32), excavated in the 9th century, is a two-storey cave with a monolithic shrine in its court. | WIKI |
| The Jagannatha Sabha: Cave 33[edit] | WIKI |
| The Jagannatha Sabha (Cave 33) is the second-largest Jain cave at Ellora and dates to the 9th century according to the inscriptions on the pillars. | WIKI |
| It is a two-storeyed cave with twelve massive pillars and elephant heads projecting towards a porch, all carved from a single rock. | WIKI |
| Cave 34[edit] | WIKI |
| Goddess Ambika sitting on a lion, Cave 34 | WIKI |
| Certain inscriptions in Cave 34, or J26 according to historian Josxc3xa9 Pereira,[75][97] are not deciphered as yet but were likely to have been executed between 800 and 850 CE. | WIKI |
| This cave features a large seated Parshvanatha Jina with four camara attendants, two of whom hold fly-whisks and seemingly emerge from the back of the Jina's throne. | WIKI |
| [99] As with many other Jain excavations, a large pair of yaksa-yaksi is also found in this cave near the Jina. | WIKI |
| [100] In the back of the cave is a bearded figure with a bowl containing round sacrificial offerings, which have shapes reminiscent of pindas (rice balls) or laddus (sweetmeat). | WIKI |
| [101] The Parshvanatha in the cave is paired with a standing Gommateshvara,[102] and accompanied by other carvings showing musicians playing a variety of instruments such as horns, drums, conchs, trumpets, and cymbals. | WIKI |
| [103] A particularly notable feature of the cave is a giant, open lotus carving on its ceiling and rooftop, which is found in only one other Jain excavation and one Hindu Cave 25 in all of Ellora. | WIKI |
| The placement of the lotus on the cave rather than a sculpture symbolizes that the temple is a divine place. | WIKI |
| Desecrated statues in a Hindu Cave (left) and a Buddhist Cave. | WIKI |
| Several inscriptions at Ellora[117] date from the 6th century onwards, the best known of which is an inscription by Rashtrakuta Dantidurga (c. 753xe2x80x93757 CE) on the back wall of the front mandapa of Cave 15 stating that he had offered prayers at that temple. | WIKI |
| Jagannatha Sabha, Jain cave 33, has 3 inscriptions that give the names of monks and donors, while a Parshvanath temple on the hill has a 1247 CE inscription that gives the name of a donor from Vardhanapura. | WIKI |
| The Great Kailasa temple (Cave 16) is attributed to Krishna I (c. 757xe2x80x93783 CE), the successor and uncle of Dantidurga. | WIKI |
| In the novel, Feluda travels to the Ellora caves to uncover a smuggling racket involving illegal trade of historical artifacts from Indian temples, including the largest cave at Ellora, the Kailasa Temple. | WIKI |
| The Brahmanical group of caves (caves 13xe2x80x9329), including the renowned Kailasa temple (cave 16), was excavated between the 7th and 10th centuries. | UNESCO |
| Amongst the caves of the Buddhist group, Cave 10 (Visvakarma or Sutar-ki-jhopari, the Carpenterxe2x80x99s cave), Cave 11, and Cave 12 (Teen Tal, or three-storied monastery, the largest in this category) are particularly important. | UNESCO |
| The prominent caves of the Brahmanical group are Cave 15 (Dasavatara, or Cave of Ten Incarnations), Cave 16 (Kailasa, the largest monolithic temple), Cave 21 (Ramesvara), and Cave 29 (Dumar Lena). | UNESCO |
| Amongst these, Cave 16 is an excellent example of structural innovation, and marks the culmination of rock-cut architecture in India featuring elaborate workmanship and striking proportions. | UNESCO |