Occurrence of Attributes in Original Text
The text related to the cultural heritage 'Citadel, Ancient City and Fortress Buildings of Derbent' has mentioned 'City' in the following places:
| Occurrence Sentence | Text Source |
|---|---|
| City in Dagestan, Russia | WIKI |
| Derbent (Russian: xd0x94xd0xb5xd1x80xd0xb1xd0xb5xccx81xd0xbdxd1x82; Persian: xd8xafxd8xb1xd8xa8xd9x86xd8xafxe2x80x8e; Lezgian: xd0x9axd1x8cxd0xb2xd0xb5xd0xb2xd0xb0xd1x80, xd0xa6xd0xb0xd0xbb; Azerbaijani: Dxc9x99rbxc9x99nd; Avar: xd0x94xd0xb5xd1x80xd0xb1xd0xb5xd0xbdxd0xb4), formerly romanized as Derbend,[8] is a city in Dagestan of Russia, located on the Caspian Sea. | WIKI |
| It is the southernmost city in Russia, and it is the second-most important city of Dagestan. | WIKI |
| Derbent claims to be the oldest city in Russia with historical documentation dating to the 8th century BCE, making it one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world. | WIKI |
| [9] Due to its strategic location, over the course of history, the city changed ownership many times, particularly among the Persian, Arab, Mongol, Timurid, Shirvan and Iranian kingdoms. | WIKI |
| In the 19th century, the city passed from Iranian into Russian hands by the Treaty of Gulistan of 1813. | WIKI |
| The Persian name for the city came into use at the end of the 5th or the beginning of the 6th centuryxc2xa0AD, when the city was re-established by Kavadhxc2xa0I of the Sassanid dynasty of Persia, but Derbent was probably already in the Sasanian sphere of influence as a result of the victory over the Parthians and the conquest of Caucasian Albania by Shapur I, the second shah of the Sassanid Persians. | WIKI |
| In Arabic texts the city was known as "Bxc4x81b al-Abwxc4x81b" (Arabic: xd8xa8xd9x8exd8xa7xd8xa8 xd9xb1xd9x84xd9x92xd8xa3xd9x8exd8xa8xd9x92xd9x88xd9x8exd8xa7xd8xa8xe2x80x8e, lit. | WIKI |
| View of the city from the citadel of Naryn-Kala, 1910s | WIKI |
| A traditionally and historically Iranian city,[19] the first intensive settlement in the Derbent area dates from the 8th centuryxc2xa0BC; the site was intermittently controlled by the Persian monarchs, starting from the 6th centuryxc2xa0BC. | WIKI |
| [12] The modern name is a Persian word (xd8xafxd8xb1xd8xa8xd9x86xd8xaf Darband) meaning "gateway", which came into use in the end of the 5th or the beginning of the 6th centuryxc2xa0AD, when the city was re-established by Kavadhxc2xa0I of the Sassanid dynasty of Persia,[20] however, Derbent was probably already into the Sasanian sphere of influence as a result of the victory over the Parthians and the conquest of Caucasian Albania by Shapur I, the second shah of the Sassanid Persians. | WIKI |
| His successor,[citation needed] Bxc3xb6ri Shad, proved unable to consolidate Tong Yabghu's conquests, and the city was retaken by the Persians, who held it as an integral domain until the Muslim Arab conquest. | WIKI |
| The rulers of Shirvan, called the Shirvanshahs, had attempted, and on numerous times, succeeded, to conquer Derbend since the 18th Shirvanshah king, Afridun I, was appointed as the governor of the city. | WIKI |
| Over the centuries the city changed hands often. | WIKI |
| The 21st Shirvanshah king, Akhsitan I, briefly reconquered the city. | WIKI |
| However, the city was lost once again to the northern Kipchaks. | WIKI |
| The Shirvanshahs integrated the city so closely with their political structure that a new branch of the Shirvan dynasty emerged from Derbend, the Derbenid dynasty. | WIKI |
| Derbent stayed under Iranian rule, while occasionally briefly taken by the Ottoman Turks such as in 1583 after the Battle of Torches and the Treaty of Constantinople, till the course of the 19th century, when the Russians occupied the city and wider Iranian-ruled swaths of Dagestan. | WIKI |
| The modern city is built in the North Caucasus of Eastern Europe; near the western shores of the Caspian Sea, south of the Rubas River, on the slopes of the Tabasaran Mountains (part of the Bigger Caucasus range). | WIKI |
| During the Khazars' reign, they played an important part in the life of the city. | WIKI |
| [43] In 1989, there were 13,000 Jews in the city, but most emigrated after the dissolution of the Soviet Union. | WIKI |
| The city is home to machine building, food, textile, fishing and fishery supplies, construction materials and wood industries. | WIKI |
| About two kilometers (1.2 miles) from the city is the vacation colony of Chayka (Seagull). | WIKI |
| The Soviet novelist Yury Krymov named a fictional motor tanker after the city in his book The Tanker "Derbent". | WIKI |
| Derbent resembles a huge museum and has magnificent mountains and shore nearby, and therefore possesses much touristic potential, further increased by UNESCO's classification of the citadel, ancient city and fortress as a World Heritage Site in 2003; however, instability in the region has halted development. | WIKI |
| The city has a well-preserved citadel (Narin-kala), enclosing an area of 4.5 hectares (11 acres), enclosed by strong walls. | WIKI |
| Between the parallel defence walls, the city was built with the commercial sector close to the waterfront and the residential buildings near the citadel. | UNESCO |
| In the late 19th century, the southern wall was demolished, and a modern city developed along the seafront and beyond the remaining wall. | UNESCO |
| Fortifications combined with the medieval buildings of the old part of the city, the so-called Magalims, form a unique cultural landscape. | UNESCO |
| Derbent has largely maintained its original form and provides impressive evidence of the cityxe2x80x99s greatness and power in different historic periods over 15 centuries xe2x80x93 Arab, Seljuk, Mongol, Timurid and Safavid periods until the 19th century when it became part of the Russian Empire. | UNESCO |
| The property that is inscribed as the Citadel, Ancient City and Fortress Buildings of Derbent covers 37.658 ha and is surrounded by a 451.554-ha buffer zone. | UNESCO |
| The World Heritage property xe2x80x9cThe Citadel, Ancient City and Fortress Buildings of Derbentxe2x80x9d includes all necessary attributes demonstrating its Outstanding Universal Value, which are located inside the protected boundaries of its territory. | UNESCO |
| Derbentxe2x80x99s status as a World Heritage property and a monument of federal importance under State protection allows the conservation of all architectural objects and the archaeological and cultural layers that reflect cityxe2x80x99s evolution. | UNESCO |
| Moreover, the cityxe2x80x99s historic layout has been preserved with the relationship of the citadel, remaining north wall, and winding street pattern in the medieval town which continues to have a residential population. | UNESCO |