Occurrence of Attributes in Original Text
The text related to the cultural heritage 'Catalan Romanesque Churches of the Vall de Boí' has mentioned 'France' in the following places:
| Occurrence Sentence | Text Source |
|---|---|
| Lessay Abbey, Normandy, France. | WIKI |
| The term "Pre-romanesque" is sometimes applied to architecture in Germany of the Carolingian and Ottonian periods and Visigothic, Mozarab and Asturian constructions between the 8th and the 10th centuries in the Iberian Peninsula while "First Romanesque" is applied to buildings in north of Italy and Spain and parts of France that have Romanesque features but pre-date the influence of the Abbey of Cluny. | WIKI |
| Typical Romanesque architectural forms Portal, Church of Santa Maria, Viu de Llevata, Catalonia, Spain The vault at the Abbey Church of Saint Foy, Conques, France Cloister of the Basilica di San Giovanni in Laterano, Rome Bell tower of Angoulxc3xaame Cathedral, Charente, SW France Window and Lombard band of the Rotunda of San Tomxc3xa8, Almenno San Bartolomeo | WIKI |
| [11] Of these types of buildings, domestic and commercial buildings are the most rare, with only a handful of survivors in the United Kingdom, several clusters in France, isolated buildings across Europe and by far the largest number, often unidentified and altered over the centuries, in Italy. | WIKI |
| Architecture of a Romanesque style also developed simultaneously in the north of Italy, parts of France and in the Iberian Peninsula in the 10th century and prior to the later influence of the Abbey of Cluny. | WIKI |
| The most notable single building that demonstrates this is St Mark's Basilica, Venice, but there are many lesser-known examples, particularly in France, such as the church of Saint-Front, Pxc3xa9rigueux and Angoulxc3xaame Cathedral. | WIKI |
| This resulted in the building of castles at strategic points, many of them being constructed as strongholds of the Normans, descendants of the Vikings who invaded northern France under Rollo in 911. | WIKI |
| [21] In France, the famous abbeys of Aux Dames and Les Hommes at Caen and Mont Saint-Michel date from this period, as well as the abbeys of the pilgrimage route to Santiago de Compostela. | WIKI |
| In France, Burgundy was the centre of monasticism. | WIKI |
| Types of churches Many parish churches across Europe, such as this in Vestre Slidre, Norway, are of Romanesque foundation The Romanesque Sxc3xa9nanque Abbey church and surrounding monastic buildings, Gordes, Provence, France Collegiate churches such as that of Saint Hadelin, Celles, Belgium, were administered by lay canons Many cathedrals such as Trier Cathedral, Germany, date from this period, with many later additions | WIKI |
| They moved along one of the four main routes that passed through France, congregating for the journey at Jumixc3xa8ges, Paris, Vxc3xa9zelay, Cluny, Arles and St. Gall in Switzerland. | WIKI |
| The Abbey of Saint Foy, Conques, France, was one of many such abbeys to be built along the pilgrimage Way of St James that led to Santiago de Compostela. | WIKI |
| The plan of the Church of Saint Front, Pxc3xa9rigueux, France, was influenced by Byzantine architecture seen by the Crusaders. | WIKI |
| Cerisy Abbey, Normandy, France, has a compact appearance with aisles rising through two storeys buttressing the vault. | WIKI |
| There are a very small number of buildings in the Romanesque style, such as Autun Cathedral in France and Monreale Cathedral in Sicily in which pointed arches have been used extensively, apparently for stylistic reasons. | WIKI |
| The facade of Notre Dame du Puy, le Puy en Velay, France, has a more complex arrangement of diversified arches: Doors of varying widths, blind arcading, windows and open arcades. | WIKI |
| The south portal of the Abbey of Saint-Pierre, Moissac, France, has a square door divided by an ornate doorpost, surmounted by a carved tympanum and set within a vast arched porch. | WIKI |
| Salvaged columns were also used to a lesser extent in France. | WIKI |
| In parts of France and Italy there are strong links to the pierced capitals of Byzantine architecture. | WIKI |
| Grande-Sauve Abbey, France Capital of amorphous form surmounting a cluster of shafts. | WIKI |
| An important example, which retains Medieval paintings, is the vault of Saint-Savin-sur-Gartempe, France, of the early 12th century. | WIKI |
| [29] The diagonal ribs could also be depressed, a solution used on the sexpartite vaults at both the Saint-xc3x89tienne, (Abbaye-aux-Hommes) and Sainte-Trinitxc3xa9, (Abbaye-aux-Dames) at Caen, France, in the late 11th and early 12th centuries. | WIKI |
| The earliest pointed vault in France is that of the narthex of La Madeleine, Vxc3xa9zelay, dating from 1130. | WIKI |
| In France the church of St Front, Pxc3xa9rigueux, appears to have been modelled on St. Mark's Basilica, Venice, or the Byzantine Church of the Holy Apostles and is of a Greek cross plan with five domes. | WIKI |
| [33] In the same region, Angoulxc3xaame Cathedral is an aisleless church of the Latin cross plan, more usual in France, but is also roofed with domes. | WIKI |
| The plan of the Abbey of St Gall, Switzerland Germany, Speyer Cathedral France, Autun Cathedral France, Angoulxc3xaame Cathedral | WIKI |
| England, Ely Cathedral Spain, Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela France, Basilica of Saint-Sernin, Toulouse Spain, San Isidoro de Lexc3xb3n Modena Cathedral | WIKI |
| At Autun Cathedral, France, the pattern of the nave bays and aisles extends beyond the crossing and into the chancel, each aisle terminating in an apse. | WIKI |
| Angoulxc3xaame Cathedral, France, is one of several instances in which the Byzantine churches of Constantinople seem to have been influential in the design in which the main spaces are roofed by domes. | WIKI |
| The eastern end of a Romanesque church is almost always semi-circular, with either a high chancel surrounded by an ambulatory as in France, or a square end from which an apse projects as in Germany and Italy. | WIKI |
| However, in France, simple churches without apses and with no decorative features were built by the Cistercians who also founded many houses in England, frequently in remote areas. | WIKI |
| Smaller churches often have a single tower that is usually placed to the western end in France or England, either centrally or to one side, while larger churches and cathedrals often have two. | WIKI |
| In France, Saint-xc3x89tienne, Caen, presents the model of a large French Romanesque facade. | WIKI |
| While the form is typical of northern France, its various components were common to many Romanesque churches of the period across Europe. | WIKI |
| Church of St. Trophime, Arles, France. | WIKI |
| Angoulxc3xaame Cathedral, France. | WIKI |
| Facades with towers Saint-xc3x89tienne, Abbaye aux Hommes, Caen, France, 11th century, with its tall towers, three portals and neat definition of architectural forms became a model for the facades of many later cathedrals across Europe. | WIKI |
| In northern France, two large towers, such as those at Caen, were to become an integral part of the facade of any large abbey or cathedral. | WIKI |
| Many abbeys of France, such as that at Cluny, had many towers of varied forms. | WIKI |
| Polygonal towers were often used on crossings and occur in France, Germany, Italy and Spain such as that of the Old Cathedral, Salamanca, which is covered by a dome supported on a ribbed vault. | WIKI |
| (See image of Abbey Church of St James, Lxc3xa9bxc3xa9ny, above) The octagonal crossing tower of the Abbey church at Cluny influenced the building of other polygonal crossing towers in France, Spain and Germany. | WIKI |
| The portal may be protected by a porch, with simple open porches being typical of Italy, and more elaborate structures typical of France and Spain. | WIKI |
| The "Gallery of Kings" above the portal is Gothic The Basilica of Saint-Trophime, Arles, France, has an elaborate sculptural scheme which includes Christ in Majesty, a frieze extending over the lintel and a gallery of sculptured figures. | WIKI |
| In France the eastern terminals of the important abbeys of Caen, Vxc3xa9zelay and, most significantly, the Basilica of St Denis were completely rebuilt in the Gothic style. | WIKI |
| Many Romanesque cloisters have survived in Spain, France, Italy and Germany, along with some of their associated buildings. | WIKI |
| France produced a great range of ornament, with particularly fine interwoven and spiralling vines in the "manuscript" style occurring at Saint-Sernin, Toulouse. | WIKI |
| Detail of an apse of Abbey d'Arthous, Landes, France showing corbels representing aspects of sin such as lust, drunkenness and ignorance. | WIKI |
| The carving of the polychrome porch of the Saint-Michel-D'aiguilhe chapel, the Aiguilhe, Haute-Loire, France, (11th century), has paired mermaids, and the Lamb of God On these mouldings around the portal of Lincoln Cathedral are formal chevron ornament, tongue-poking monsters, vines and figures, and symmetrical motifs. | WIKI |
| [39] During the 11th and 12th centuries, figurative sculpture flourished in a distinctly Romanesque style that can be recognised across Europe, although the most spectacular sculptural projects are concentrated in South-Western France, Northern Spain and Italy. | WIKI |
| In France, many have survived, with impressive examples at the Abbey of Saint-Pierre, Moissac, the Abbey of Sainte-Marie, Souillac,[40] and Abbey of la Madaleine, Vxc3xa9zelayxc2xa0xe2x80x93 all daughter houses of Cluny, with extensive other sculpture remaining in cloisters and other buildings. | WIKI |
| Among the many examples that exist, one of the finest is the figure of the Prophet Jeremiah from the pillar of the portal of the Abbey of Saint-Pierre, Moissac, France, from about 1130. | WIKI |
| One of the most intact schemes to exist is that at Saint-Savin-sur-Gartempe in France. | WIKI |
| Similar paintings exist in Serbia, Spain, Germany, Italy and elsewhere in France. | WIKI |
| Many of the magnificent stained glass windows of France, including the famous windows of Chartres, date from the 13th century. | WIKI |
| Stained glass from Germany, England and France. | WIKI |
| It is approximately 1/3 the height, and is much less complex in execution than the Emperor series of which Otto II is a part.See left A rare and remarkable survival, of "unforgettable beauty",[42] the very large Crucifixion window of Poitiers Cathedral, France. | WIKI |
| Abbot Suger's innovative choir of the Abbey of Saint-Denis, 1140xe2x80x9344, led to the adoption of the Gothic style by Paris and its surrounding area, but other parts of France were slower to take it up, and provincial churches continued to be built in the heavy manner and rubble stone of the Romanesque, even when the openings were treated with the fashionable pointed arch. | WIKI |