Occurrence of Attributes in Original Text
The text related to the cultural heritage 'Catalan Romanesque Churches of the Vall de Boí' has mentioned 'Architecture' in the following places:
| Occurrence Sentence | Text Source |
|---|---|
| Contents 1 Definition 2 Scope 3 History 3.1 Origins 3.2 Politics 3.3 Religion 3.3.1 Monasticism 3.3.2 Pilgrimage and Crusade 4 Characteristics 4.1 Walls 4.2 Buttresses 4.3 Arches and openings 4.4 Arcades 4.5 Piers 4.6 Columns 4.6.1 Salvaged columns 4.6.2 Drum columns 4.6.3 Hollow core columns 4.6.4 Alternation 4.6.5 Capitals 4.7 Vaults and roofs 4.7.1 Barrel vault 4.7.2 Groin vault 4.7.3 Ribbed vault 4.7.4 Pointed arched vault 4.7.5 Domes 5 Ecclesiastical architecture 5.1 Plan 5.2 Section 5.3 Church and cathedral east ends 5.4 Church and cathedral faxc3xa7ades and external decoration 5.5 Church towers 5.6 Portals 5.7 Interiors 5.8 Other structures 5.9 Decoration 5.9.1 Architectural embellishment 5.9.2 Architectural sculpture 5.9.3 Figurative sculpture 5.9.4 Murals 5.9.5 Stained glass 5.10 Transitional style and the continued use of Romanesque forms 6 Romanesque castles, houses and other buildings 7 Romanesque Revival 8 Notes 9 See also 10 References 11 Further reading 12 External links | WIKI |
| [Notes 2][3] In 1824 Gerville's friend Arcisse de Caumont adopted the label "roman" to describe the "degraded" European architecture from the 5th to the 13th centuries, in his Essai sur l'architecture religieuse du moyen-xc3xa2ge, particulixc3xa8rement en Normandie,[4] at a time when the actual dates of many of the buildings so described had not been ascertained:[5][6][7] | WIKI |
| The name Roman (esque) we give to this architecture, which should be universal as it is the same everywhere with slight local differences, also has the merit of indicating its origin and is not new since it is used already to describe the language of the same period. | WIKI |
| The term "Pre-romanesque" is sometimes applied to architecture in Germany of the Carolingian and Ottonian periods and Visigothic, Mozarab and Asturian constructions between the 8th and the 10th centuries in the Iberian Peninsula while "First Romanesque" is applied to buildings in north of Italy and Spain and parts of France that have Romanesque features but pre-date the influence of the Abbey of Cluny. | WIKI |
| Monolithic columns cut from a single piece of stone were frequently used in Italy, as they had been in Roman and Early Christian architecture. | WIKI |
| Ecclesiastical architecture[edit] | WIKI |
| Smaller churches sometimes had bell-gables instead of towers, a feature which, according to some authors, is characteristic of the simplicity of much architecture in the Romanesque style. | WIKI |
| It occurs in a variety of forms, from the Lombard band, which is a row of small arches that appear to support a roofline or course, to shallow blind arcading that is often a feature of English architecture and is seen in great variety at Ely Cathedral, to the open dwarf gallery, first used at Speyer Cathedral and widely adopted in Italy as seen on both Pisa Cathedral and its famous Leaning Tower. | WIKI |
| The Romanesque period was a time of great development in the design and construction of defensive architecture. | WIKI |
| All over Europe, dwellers of the town and country built houses to live in, some of which, sturdily constructed in stone, have remained to this day with sufficient of their form and details intact to give a picture of the style of domestic architecture that was in fashion at the time. | WIKI |
| Secular and domestic architecture Tower of London (1078); William the Conqueror built the central White Tower as his stronghold and residence The Great Hall of Oakham Castle, England, once part of the fortified manor of a Norman baron Crusader castle, Krak des Chevaliers, Syria, was mainly constructed in this period, with the outer walls being later Many towns, such as San Gimignano, were enclosed with walls, causing crowding and the building of tower houses | WIKI |
| As a group, these churches represent an especially pure and consistent example of pictorial art and architecture in the Lombard Romanesque style. | UNESCO |
| Criterion (ii): The significant developments in Romanesque art and architecture in the churches of the Vall de Boxc3xad testify to profound cultural interchange across medieval Europe and in particular across the mountain barrier of the Pyrenees. | UNESCO |
| All the attributes of the Outstanding Universal Value, such as the Lombard influences on the architecture and the sculptural decor, the floor plan, the accurate stone work on the wall surface, the square floor plan of the bell towers or the sculptural decor with blind arches, as well as the continued use of the churches by the community, are included within the boundaries of the property. | UNESCO |