Occurrence of Attributes in Original Text
The text related to the cultural heritage 'Castles and Town Walls of King Edward in Gwynedd' has mentioned 'Town' in the following places:
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| Castles and Town Walls of King Edward in GwyneddUNESCO World Heritage SiteThe entrance of Caernarfon CastleLocationGwynedd, Wales, United KingdomIncludesCaernarfon Castle, Harlech Castle, Conwy Castle, Beaumaris Castle, Caernarfon town walls, Conwy town wallsCriteriaCultural: i, iii, ivReference374Inscription1986 (10th session)Coordinates53xc2xb08xe2x80xb223xe2x80xb3N 4xc2xb016xe2x80xb237xe2x80xb3Wxefxbbxbf / xefxbbxbf53.13972xc2xb0N 4.27694xc2xb0Wxefxbbxbf / 53.13972; -4.27694Location of GwyneddShow map of WalesCastles and Town Walls of King Edward in Gwynedd (the United Kingdom)Show map of the United Kingdom | WIKI |
| The Castles and Town Walls of King Edward in Gwynedd is a UNESCO-designated World Heritage Site located in Gwynedd,[nb 1] Wales. | WIKI |
| It includes the castles of Beaumaris and Harlech and the castles and town walls of Caernarfon and Conwy. | WIKI |
| The British state invested heavily in the castles and town walls during the 20th century, restoring many of their medieval features. | WIKI |
| Caernarfon's castle and town walls incorporated expensive stonework, probably intended to evoke images of Arthurian or Roman imperial power in order to bolster Edward's personal prestige. | WIKI |
| Contents 1 History 1.1 13thxe2x80x9314th centuries 1.1.1 Background 1.1.2 War of 1282xe2x80x9383 1.1.3 Rebellion of 1294xe2x80x9395 1.1.4 Decline 1.2 15thxe2x80x9317th centuries 1.2.1 Glyndxc5xb5r Rising and Wars of the Roses 1.2.2 English Civil War and aftermath 1.3 18thxe2x80x9321st centuries 1.3.1 Picturesque attractions 1.3.2 State restoration 1.3.3 Creation of the World Heritage site 2 Architecture 2.1 Interpretation 2.1.1 Military architecture 2.1.2 Palatial architecture and symbolism 2.1.3 Savoy influence 2.2 The sites 2.2.1 Beaumaris Castle 2.2.2 Harlech Castle 2.2.3 Caernarfon Castle and town walls 2.2.4 Conwy Castle and town walls 3 See also 4 References 4.1 Notes 4.2 References 4.3 Bibliography | WIKI |
| The Edwardian castles and town walls in Gwynedd were built as a consequence of the wars fought for the control of Wales in the late 13th century. | WIKI |
| [6] He had seen numerous European fortifications, including the planned walled town and castle design at Aigues-Mortes. | WIKI |
| Reconstruction of Conwy Castle and town walls at the end of the 13th century | WIKI |
| [13] Amongst these were the future World Heritage sites of Caernarfon Castle and its walled town, overlooking the River Seiont; Conwy Castle and its walled town, controlling a crossing point over the River Conwy; and Harlech Castle, protecting a sea port and newly established English town. | WIKI |
| Plans were probably made to establish a castle and walled settlement near the strategically important town of Llanfaes on Anglesey xe2x80x93 the future Beaumaris xe2x80x93 but were postponed due to the costs of the other projects. | WIKI |
| Reconstruction of Caernarfon Castle and town walls at the end of the 13th century | WIKI |
| Measured in terms of burgages, town properties rented from the Crown by citizens, Conwy had 99 around 1295, and Caernarfon had 57 in 1298. | WIKI |
| Harlech lagged badly behind in terms of growth, and the town had only 24 and a half burgages in 1305. | WIKI |
| [23] The castles were entrusted by Edward to constables, charged to defend them and, in some cases, also empowered to defend the town walls as well. | WIKI |
| The castles were each equipped with a rear or postern gate that would allow them to resupplied directly by sea even if the town had fallen. | WIKI |
| [26] Caernarfon, however, was still only partially completed and was stormed by Welsh forces and the castle and town set alight. | WIKI |
| [28] The chosen site was called Beaumaris and was about 1 mile (1.6xc2xa0km) from the Welsh town of Llanfaes. | WIKI |
| [28] The deportation of the local Welsh opened the way for the construction of an English town, protected by a substantial castle. | WIKI |
| [30] Despite the absence of town walls, the surrounding settlement grew quickly and by 1305 it had 132 and a quarter burgages paying rent to the Crown. | WIKI |
| By 1300 only Harlech and Conwy had been properly completed: Caernarfon's town walls were finished, but much of the castle was still incomplete and at Beaumaris Castle the inner walls was only half their intended height, with gaps in the outer walls. | WIKI |
| The North Gate in Caernarfon's town walls | WIKI |
| John Speed recorded the future World Heritage sites in a sequence of famous 1610 maps, such as this one showing the castle and the adjacent walled town of Beaumaris. | WIKI |
| [43] Conwy Castle was taken at the start of the conflict by two Welsh brothers, who took control of the fortress in a sneak attack, enabling Welsh rebels to attack and capture the rest of the walled town. | WIKI |
| [48] By 1415 the uprising had been completely crushed, but the performance of the great castles and town walls is assessed by historian Michael Prestwich to have been "no more than partially successful". | WIKI |
| [46] In 1610 the cartographer John Speed produced a famous sequence of pictorial maps of the towns of North Wales, including their castles and town defences, which have become iconic images of the sites at the turn of the 17th century. | WIKI |
| [65] Charles' new government regarded Caernarfon's castle and town walls as a security risk and ordered them to be destroyed, but this order was never carried out, possibly because of the costs involved in doing so. | WIKI |
| In 1865 Conwy Castle passed to the civic leadership of Conwy town who began restoration work on the ruins, including the reconstruction of the slighted Bakehouse tower. | WIKI |
| [84] In the late 20th and early 21st centuries, the castles and town walls played a more prominent part in debates surrounding Welsh identity. | WIKI |
| In 1986 sites were collectively declared a UNESCO World Heritage site, titled the Castles and Town Walls of King Edward in Gwynedd. | WIKI |
| UNESCO considered the castles and town walls to be the "finest examples of late 13th century and early 14th century military architecture in Europe". | WIKI |
| The Castles and Town Walls of King Edward in Gwynedd incorporated a range of military features developed during the late 13th century. | WIKI |
| Despite these strengths, the castles and town walls are now recognised to have also had military flaws. | WIKI |
| The Edwardian sites have strong architectural links to castles and town walls built in the kingdom of Savoy in North Italy during the same period. | WIKI |
| Caernarfon Castle and town walls[edit] | WIKI |
| Caernarfon's North East Tower (l), and the town walls by the sea (r) | WIKI |
| Main articles: Caernarfon Castle and Caernarfon town walls | WIKI |
| There are two main entrances, the King's Gate, leading from the town, and the Queen's Gate, allowing more direct access to the castle. | WIKI |
| Caernarfon's town walls present an unbroken, 734xc2xa0m (2,408xc2xa0ft) long circuit around the town, enclosing 4.18 hectares (10.3 acres). | WIKI |
| [138] The two original entrances to the town were through the West and East Gates. | WIKI |
| Conwy Castle and town walls[edit] | WIKI |
| Conwy Castle (l) and town walls (r) | WIKI |
| Main articles: Conwy Castle and Conwy town walls | WIKI |
| The Conwy town walls form a largely unbroken, 1.3xc2xa0km (0.81xc2xa0mi) long triangular circuit around the town, enclosing 10 hectares (25 acres). | WIKI |
| [151] A unique set of twelve medieval latrines is built into the southern town walls, first constructed for the use of royal staff working in adjacent buildings in the 13th century. | WIKI |
| The overall series of the four castles of Edward I includes within the property boundary all the medieval defensive structures xe2x80x93 castles and town walls xe2x80x93 but not the planned settlements or waterfronts. | UNESCO |
| The essential relationship between their coastal landscapes and each castle remains intact and in two cases the intimate interrelationship of castle and town remains a striking feature of the present day urban landscape; while a reassessment of the boundaries could be considered, the wider landscape setting needs to be protected. | UNESCO |
| The authenticity of all four medieval castles and of the two town wall circuits has been maintained despite some reconstruction in the late 19th century at Caernarfon. | UNESCO |
| During the last 100 years the conservation of the castles and town walls has been undertaken following the philosophy of conserve as found, and minimal intervention or intrusive modification has occurred. | UNESCO |
| The town walls at Caernarfon and Conwy remain unchanged providing an almost complete enclosed entity to their related townscapes. | UNESCO |
| The four castles and two town wall circuits are protected by statutory scheduling as monuments of national importance and by their being xe2x80x98guardianship monumentsxe2x80x99 maintained by the relevant conservation body within government according to current conservation principles. | UNESCO |
| All four are protected by Local Plans, Planning Guidance and their World Heritage Management Plans which are reviewed regularly; Harlech is within the Snowdonia National Park while all four are within Conservation Areas that cover the immediate setting of the Castles and Town Walls. | UNESCO |