Occurrence of Attributes in Original Text
The text related to the cultural heritage 'Caliphate City of Medina Azahara' has mentioned 'Construction' in the following places:
| Occurrence Sentence | Text Source |
|---|---|
| The main reason for its construction was politico-ideological: Abd ar-Rahman III had declared himself "caliph" in 929 and the dignity of this new title required the establishment of a new city, a symbol of his power, imitating other eastern Caliphates. | WIKI |
| Construction began in 936xe2x80x93940 and continued in multiple phases throughout his reign and the reign of his son son, Al-Hakam II (r. 961xe2x80x93976). | WIKI |
| Contents 1 Name 2 History 2.1 Background 2.2 Construction and development 2.3 Life and government within the palace-city 2.4 Construction of Madinat az-Zahira by Almanzor 2.5 Decline and destruction 3 Geography 4 Architecture and layout 4.1 Overview 4.2 The lower level 4.2.1 The Aljama Mosque 4.3 The upper levels (palace areas) 4.3.1 Gates and entrances 4.3.1.1 North Gate 4.3.1.2 Bab al-Sudda (eastern portico) 4.3.2 Upper Basilical Hall (Dar al-Jund) 4.3.3 Dar al-Mulk 4.3.4 Court of the Pillars and nearby buildings 4.3.5 House of the Water Basin 4.3.6 House of Ja'far 4.3.7 The service area 4.3.8 Salxc3xb3n Rico (Reception Hall of Abd ar-Rahman III) 4.3.9 The Upper Garden and the Central Pavilion 4.3.10 The Lower Garden 4.4 Water infrastructure 5 Architectural influence and legacy 6 Archaeology and conservation 7 Museum 8 References 9 Bibliography 10 External links | WIKI |
| Many scholars argue that the motives for the construction of a new palace-city must have included a desire to create a capital and residence that would reflect the dignity and grandeur which Abd ar-Rahman III wanted to project around his new caliphate. | WIKI |
| Construction and development[edit] | WIKI |
| Abd ar-Rahman III's son, al-Hakam, the crown prince and his future successor, was entrusted to oversee the construction. | WIKI |
| Major construction might not have actually started until 940, and evidence suggests that it occurred in stages, with the overall plan changing as further work was executed. | WIKI |
| Construction in the city nonetheless continued throughout the remaining years of Abd ar-Rahman III's reign (up to 961) and throughout Al-Hakam II's reign (961xe2x80x93976). | WIKI |
| High-ranking officials under both caliphs were often involved in the construction as well. | WIKI |
| [16] Abd ar-Rahman III also arranged for thousands of antique marble columns to be procured or imported from other sites, mostly from Ifriqiya (despite it being under Fatimid control at the time), to be reused for construction here. | WIKI |
| Several of the major structures that have been excavated and identified on the site were built over earlier structures and thus appear to belong to a different construction phase after the initial construction of the city. | WIKI |
| [19] The construction of the Salxc3xb3n Rico, or Reception Hall of Abd ar-Rahman III, has been dated to between 953 and 957 thanks to several inscriptions featured in its decoration. | WIKI |
| [20][21] The supervisor of the hall's construction was Abdallah ibn Badr, the vizier and highest-ranking official under the caliph at that time. | WIKI |
| Vallejo Triano has also argued that the construction of the House of Ja'far took place slightly later than the other structures of the 950s because its decoration appears to be more evolved. | WIKI |
| Construction of Madinat az-Zahira by Almanzor[edit] | WIKI |
| [37] In 978 or 979 (368 AH), after he had secured the monopoly of power, he ordered the construction of a new palace city for himself which rivaled Madinat al-Zahra in beauty. | WIKI |
| It was chosen for its outstanding landscape values, allowing a hierarchical construction program so the city and the plains beyond its feet were physically and visually dominated by the buildings of the fortress. | WIKI |
| There was also a quarry of limestone, used for the primary construction, though other stones from an area 50xc2xa0km around were also used. | WIKI |
| [45] The city's construction led to a road, water and supply infrastructure partly preserved until today in the form of remains of roads, quarries, aqueducts and bridges. | WIKI |
| [61][62] It was probably built in the 950s during a new program of construction and state reform. | WIKI |
| Its construction may date to the 950s, either at the same time as or after the construction of the Salxc3xb3n Rico. | WIKI |
| The house is believed to date from the first years of construction at Madinat al-Zahra, although parts of the floor plan were likely modified afterwards. | WIKI |
| Because of its more evolved decoration its construction has been dated to after 961, during the reign of al-Hakam II, which may support a hypothesis by Fxc3xa9lix Hernxc3xa1ndez Gimxc3xa9nez that this large residence was built for the eponymous Ja'far, a hajib (chamberlain) of Caliph al-Hakam II between 961 and 971. | WIKI |
| Its construction has been dated to between 953 and 957, thanks to several inscriptions found in its decoration. | WIKI |
| [20][21] The supervisor of the hall's construction was Abdallah ibn Badr, the vizier and highest-ranking official under the caliph at that time. | WIKI |
| To the south of this basin, near the middle of the gardens, was the large "Central Pavilion" whose construction has been dated to 956 or 957. | WIKI |
| [2] It was one of the largest in the city and was probably created during the first phase of construction at Madinat al-Zahra, shortly after its foundation. | WIKI |
| The unexcavated portions of the site are being threatened by the illegal construction of housing. | WIKI |
| According to the New York Times, "The local government in Cxc3xb3rdoba, he said, has failed to enforce a law passed 10 years ago that expanded protections for the site against development... Construction companies are putting up houses on the site of the city, 90 percent of which remains unexcavated. | WIKI |